Determinants of Pension Fund Efficiency in Kenya: An Exploratory Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 182-218
Author(s):  
Amos G. Njuguna ◽  
Cecil Arnolds
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Pension Governance ◽  
Fund Size

Abstract This paper investigates the determinants of the operational and financial efficiency of pension funds in Kenya. A sample of 362 pension schemes was drawn from the Kenyan Retirement Benefits Authority (RBA) register. The empirical results show that pension governance, leadership and regulations do not significantly influence the operational and financial efficiency of pension funds. The results do however reveal that pension regulations influence the leadership and governance practices of the pension schemes. Moreover, the schemes with more middle-aged members (31-40 years) are perceived to be better governed. Lastly, the results reveal fund size to be an important determinant of the financial efficiency of the pension funds.

Evaluating the impact on saving of tax-favored retirement plans

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
MONICA PAIELLA ◽  
ANDREA TISENO
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Household Saving ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Wealth

AbstractThis paper exploits a recent reform of private pension schemes in Italy to identify the impact on household saving of tax-favored retirement saving plans. The reform was part of the restructuring of the social security system and was aimed at rising private long-term saving by making pension funds more attractive and convenient. We control for unobserved saver heterogeneity and a central focus is on substitution across saving instruments. We find that the pension fund legislation had a strong effect on the allocation of saving and triggered substantial substitution of non-tax-favored non-retirement wealth for tax-favored pension funds. In contrast, we find that it had little, if any effect on household saving flows. Our findings also suggest that the provision of ‘closed’ pension funds might significantly affect the decision to invest in private retirement schemes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SISTEM DAN PROSEDUR PENGADAAN KAS DAN PEMBAYARAN DANA PENSIUN PADA PT. POS INDONESIA CABANG MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracia Miranda Putri ◽  
Grace Nangoi ◽  
Stanly Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Internal Controls ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Pension Payments ◽  
Descriptive Method

Pension Funds play a very important role in the development of both economic and social welfare. The Pension Fund is a legal entity that manages and operates a program that promises retirement benefits. Implementation of cash procurement and pension fund payment at PT. Pos Indonesia Branch Manado can be done easily and does not take a long time because it uses a good system and procedures, and can illustrate how the implementation of internal controls on the procurement of cash and pension payments. The research method used in this thesis research is descriptive method whose purpose every data collected is analyzed and then drawn a conclusion and research type used is qualitative descriptive. The results obtained that the system and procedures of cash procurement and payment of pension funds at PT. Pos Indonesia Branch Manado runs well, in accordance with established standards, and is supported by the Fund Distribution system. Implementation of internal controls on the system and procedures of cash procurement and payment of pension funds at PT. Pos Indonesia Branch Manado has been run well because it is implemented in accordance with standard operating policy guidelines procedures and policies of directors.Keywords: System and Procedure, Cash Procurement, Pension Fund Payment.

scholarly journals Determinants of Pension Fund Investment in Nigeria: The Critical Factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeoti, Johnson Olabode ◽  
Gunu, Umar ◽  
Tsado, Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Fund Investment

Pension fund is a pool of resources contributed by the employees with the aim of having enough resources to carter for their needs after retirement. Therefore, pension fund needs to be invested so as to meet the aim of the contributors. This study was carried out to evaluate the factors that determine investment of Pension Funds. The study used primary data, which were generated by the use of questionnaire. Respondents were selected from a sample of five PFAs in Nigeria using simple random sampling technique. A total of 125 questionnaires were administered on 18 items using likert scales. Data collected were analyzed using factor analysis by principal component. Economic, Risk and Security of real estate factors were identified as the major determinants of pension fund investment. The study concludes that variables such as interest rate, internal control system etc, are not critical in determining investment of pension funds in Nigeria. The study also recommends that pension fund managers should develop good systems of mitigating on the enormous risks they face in their duty as investment managers. Key words: Pension fund, Determinants, Defined contribution, Retirement benefits, Pension fund administrator

Some Experiments with the Emerging Costs of a Hypothetical Pension Fund

1973 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 143-171
Author(s):  
D. H. Loades
Keyword(s):  
Computer Model ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Best Estimate ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Selection Of

1.1. In text-books concerned with the study of pension funds the space devoted to the calculation of emerging costs is usually small and this is probably in keeping with the number of occasions when such estimates are necessary.If, however, it is accepted that the purpose is to produce the best estimate of the emerging costs, the calculations become interesting and consideration of the appropriate bases provides a useful background to the selection of a suitable basis for valuing the capital liabilities of the fund.1.2. This paper develops some ideas generated while preparing detailed estimates of the emerging costs of several immature pension schemes with high rates of turnover of staff. A computer model is described which at the moment is in the early stage of development. Having outlined the pattern of costs derived from the model, the paper considers the effects of simplifying the original assumptions and in particular compares the results of using a traditional valuation basis.

scholarly journals Towards “Green” Trusteeship: new statutory amendments for occupational pension trustees

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Brown
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
General Duty ◽  
Social Governance ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Regulatory Landscape

Abstract This article looks at the amendments to occupational pension schemes that are brought in by the Pension Protection Fund (Pensionable Service) and the Occupational Pension Schemes (Investment and Disclosure) (Amendment and Modification) Regulations 2018. It is respectfully submitted that the named regulations are legally compelling because they amend the regulatory landscape in a manner to enforce greater consideration of Environmental Social Governance risks by UK pension funds. In particular, this article engages with how the amendments are going to increase the pension fund trustees’ appetite to consider environmental risks (including climate-related risks) when exercising their general duty of investment.

scholarly journals Trustees and pension schemes in Ireland

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Stewart ◽  
Bridget McNally
Keyword(s):  
Pension Fund ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pension Schemes ◽  
Pension Governance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This article aims to highlight the gap between the legal responsibilities and the practice of pension fund trustees in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach – The paper relies on primary and secondary data analysis of trustee practice and enforcement cases to highlight the gap between law and practice. Findings – The article finds that there is an inconsistency between legal requirement and practice in the calibre of trustee and trustee training across Irish occupational pension schemes. This has adverse consequences for pension governance and performance. Practical implications – The findings raise the question as to whether there should be mandatory qualifications for trustees or mandatory standardised trustee training in a prescribed format, with which trustees should comply. It also questions whether there should be a governance code for trustees to ensure a minimum standard or target level of competence and good governance on the part of pension scheme trustees. Originality/value – There is a distinct lack of emphasis in the literature and in practice on the inconsistency between the extent of the responsibilities which trustees ultimately carry, and the legal exposure this potentially creates for trustees who unduly rely on other trustees or third parties in the trustee decision making process.

scholarly journals Nexus Between Pension Fund Size, Design and Investment Strategy: A Review of Occupational Retirement Benefits Schemes in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Ngugi ◽  
Amos Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Retirement Benefit ◽  
Fund Size ◽  
Funding Risk

The funding risk borne by sponsors of defined benefit pension funds and the residual risk borne by members of defined contribution pension funds have necessitated focus on the investment strategies employed by pension funds. We use secondary data from 206 pension funds in Kenya, to determine the nexus between the investment strategy, size and design. We then validate the results using focused group discussions with industry experts. Results from the regression models indicate that larger schemes adopted a riskier investment strategies compared to their smaller counterparts. However, the investment strategies are not informed by the fund designs. Trustees of retirement benefit schemes are therefore advised to focus their investment strategies to avoid exposing the residual claimants to excessive risk.

scholarly journals Analisis Status Badan Hukum Dana Pensiun

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Muhhamad Habibi Miftakhul Marwa
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Legal Subject ◽  
The Status ◽  
Retirement Funds ◽  
The Right

Act No. 11 of 1992 about the Pension fund states retirement funds as legal entities that manage and run retirement programs that promise retirement benefits when retired or full duty to participants. As a legal entity of course the pension fund is based on the subject of the law as a human being, which has the right and obligation to do legal action to the other party. Pension funds have a legal entity status and may conduct activities from the date of ratification by the Financial Services Authority. Reviewed from the theory or the terms of the legal entity, the status of the legal entity of the Pension Fund has fulfilled the requirements of the material or formyl in the establishment of pension funds, such as having a separate property from the founders, have a specific goal to Conduct retirement benefits, have their own interests, have a regular organization in the Division of duties and functions between founders, supervisory boards, and managers, and obtain recognition and confirmation from the State authority. While the pension fund as an independent legal entity does not use the form of legal entity such as limited liability company, cooperative, or foundation, because there is a concept in the legal entity that does not conform to the concept of pension funds. Keywords: Legal Subject, Legal Entity, Pension Fund AbstrakUndang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1992 tentang Dana Pensiun menyebutkan bahwa dana pensiun adalah badan hukum yang mengelola dan menjalankan program pensiun yang menjanjikan manfaat pensiun pada saat telah pensiun atau pensiun kepada pesertanya. Sebagai badan hukum, dana pensiun terletak sebagai subjek hukum layaknya manusia, yang memiliki hak dan kewajiban sehingga dapat melakukan perbuatan hukum kepada pihak lain. Dana pensiun berbadan hukum dan dapat melaksanakan kegiatan sejak tanggal persetujuan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. Dilihat dari teori dan persyaratan badan hukum, badan hukum dana pensiun telah memenuhi persyaratan baik materiil maupun formil dalam pembentukan dana pensiun, seperti memiliki kekayaan yang terpisah dari pendirinya, mempunyai tujuan khusus dalam menyelenggarakan manfaat pensiun, memiliki kepentingan, menyelenggarakan organisasi dalam pembagian tugas dan fungsi antara pendiri, dewan pengawas, dan pengurus, serta memperoleh pengakuan dan pengesahan dari otoritas negara. Dana pensiun sebagai badan hukum mandiri tidak menggunakan badan hukum seperti Perseroan Terbatas, Koperasi, atau Yayasan, karena terdapat konsep dalam badan hukum yang tidak sesuai dengan konsep dana pensiun. Kata Kunci: Subjek Hukum; Badan Hukum; Dana Pensiun  

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges in Developing Islamic Pension Funds in Indonesia

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmatina Awaliyah Kasri ◽  
Banu Muhammad Haidlir ◽  
Muhammad Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Tika Arundina Aswin ◽  
Fenny Rosmanita
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Pension Schemes

Despite the rapid development of the Islamic financial sector in Indonesia, the development of Islamic pension funds is way behind those of the other Islamic financial sectors. This study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges faced by Indonesian Islamic pension funds. Utilizing a qualitative research method, the study conducted Focus Group Discussions with 23 large pension funds spread across five big cities in Indonesia. It was revealed that opportunities and prospects for developing Islamic pension funds in Indonesia are relatively good. However, various internal and external challenges were found, such as a lack of knowledge; the weak commitment of founders; lack of quality human resources; relatively unfavorable tax treatment; limited investment instruments; competition with government pension schemes; and public literacy problems.  Therefore, two broad strategies are recommended to develop the Islamic funds, namely the provision of direct/indirect incentives to market players, and literacy programmes to targeted/priority groups. These strategies are expected to encourage and accelerate the growth of Indonesia's Islamic pension fund industry in the future.JEL Classification: H55, H75, J32How to Cite:Kasri, R. A., Haidlir, B. H., Prasetyo, M. B., Aswin, T. A., Rosmanita, F. (2020). Probability of Paying Zakat from Micro Financing Project Return. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.16284.

scholarly journals Pension funds and governance: The effect of government sponsorship

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Bruno de Medeiros Teixeira ◽  
Clea Beatriz Macagnan ◽  
Davi Souza Simon ◽  
Daniel Francisco Vancin
Keyword(s):  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension Funds ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The issue of conflict of interest and information asymmetry underlies the relationship between management, sponsors, and pension fund participants. The governance system aimed at mitigating the conflict of interest and information asymmetry appears as practices that, even with the cost, could contribute to the effectiveness of the pension fund investments. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate empirically how the extent of Brazilian pension funds governance practices is affected by the nature of the sponsoring entity. With a sample of 208 observations collected manually, representing 104 pension funds, from 2013 and 2017, we analyzed the impact of the sponsorship on the governance of the Brazilian pension funds. We measured governance using a governance index composed of 34 indicators, built on the Brazilian pension fund legislation, guidelines and recommendations issued by public bodies, and the governance literature. The result of this study indicates that, contrary to the initial expectations of the survey, a state-controlled company sponsorship explains a better level of governance. This study contributes to a better understanding of how the adoption of governance practices works, especially with the reported cases of corruption in Brazilian pension funds.

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