A Multilevel Approach to Investigating Cross-National Differences in Negotiation Processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Evert Van de Vliert
Keyword(s):  
Research Approach ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multilevel Research ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

AbstractThe impact of the psychological states of the negotiators, the social conditions of negotiations, and the behavior of negotiators on the outcomes of negotiations differs from country to country. Various suboptimal, individual-level, and country-level solutions have been suggested to predict and explain such cross-national variations. Drawing inspiration from a series of cross-cultural studies on job satisfaction and motives for volunteer work that successfully employed multilevel modeling, we propose a multilevel research approach to more accurately examine the generalizability of negotiation models across countries.

Environmental Behavior in Cross-National Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Pisano ◽  
Mark Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Proenvironmental Behavior ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross National

This article seeks to explain cross-national differences on environmental behavior. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, it was predicted that national levels of wealth, postmaterialism, education development, and environmental problems are positively related to environmental behavior. The national-level variance is to a substantial degree explained by individual-level variables, capturing compositional effects. The remaining variance is explained by the contextual-level variables. All of the country-level variables are predictors in the expected direction, with the exception of environmental degradation, which is negatively related to behavior, and education development, which has no impact on private environmental behavior. More importantly, cross-level interactions show that in more developed countries, there are stronger relationships between proecological attitudes and reported proenvironmental behavior. These findings contribute to the growing cross-cultural research on environmental behavior pointing out the necessity of simultaneously assessing the effects of both individual and contextual-level forces affecting behavior across nations.

scholarly journals Still Green at Fifteen? Investigating Environmental Awareness of the PISA 2015 Population: Cross-National Differences and Correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2985
Author(s):  
Marit Kristine List ◽  
Fabian T. C. Schmidt ◽  
Daria Mundt ◽  
Dennis Föste-Eggers
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Individual School ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pisa 2006 ◽  
Cross National

The PISA studies provide unique opportunities to investigate the competencies and attitudes of 15-year-olds across the world. Past research investigating environmental awareness (EA) in PISA 2006 found associations between EA and science-related competencies and attitudes. Investigating EA in the PISA studies may have important implications for education for sustainable development (ESD): results may show which factors should be considered in educational interventions to enhance students’ EA. Cross-national analyses of EA may provide insights into the predictors of EA on a local, national or international level. This study investigates the individual, school, and country level predictors of EA in PISA 2015 (365,194 students, 12,594 schools, 53 countries). The multi-level regression analysis on EA reveals that most of the variance is located at the student level. On the individual level, variables related to science learning in school are associated with EA across all countries. This study also compares the degrees of EA in the 2006 and 2015 populations. The results show similar degrees of EA in 2006 and 2015. Altogether, the study provides cross-country evidence on important aspects that should be addressed in successful ESD programs.

scholarly journals Servant Leadership: Antecedent Factors, Impact, and Education Theories Used as Researcher's Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Fransiskus Sawan ◽  
Suryadi Suryadi ◽  
Nurhattati Nurhattati
Keyword(s):  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Motivation To Lead ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Impact

A comprehensive understanding of the antecedent factors, and the impact of servant leadership and also about the education theories used as a perspective are so essential for leaders and researchers. However, there is not enough information about it. This paper was made to fill this gap by using the literature review approach. It was done to 71 Scopus indexed articles, which were published in the 2015 – 2020. There are several results of the review, those are: (1) servant leadership is influenced by the emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, motivation to serve, non-calculative as one dimension of motivation-to-lead, and mindfulness; (2) servant leadership have an impact on 38 dependent variables in individual level and 16 dependent variables in the organizational level both directly and indirectly; (3) there are 31 theories, which are used as a researcher's perspective, and two between them, which are mostly used are the social exchange theory and social learning theory. The result of this research gives contribution, which enriches the theoretical scope of servant leadership. This academic contribution is for sure will be so beneficial for leaders who commit to developing the best potential owned by their staff for a better organization. The result of this research will also be essential for future researchers because it shows a state of the art and research gap about servant leadership.

scholarly journals The inequity of morbidity: Disparities in the prevalence of morbidity between ethnic groups in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2235042X2097116
Author(s):  
Jason Gurney ◽  
James Stanley ◽  
Diana Sarfati
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Objective: The burden of chronic disease is not evenly shared within our society. In this manuscript, we use comprehensive national-level data to compare morbidity burden between ethnic groups in New Zealand. Methods: We investigated the prevalence of morbidity among all New Zealanders aged 18+ (n = 3,296,837), stratified by ethnic group (Māori, Pacific, Asian, Middle Eastern/Latin American/African, European/Other), using national-level hospitalisation and pharmaceutical data and two measures of morbidity (the M3 and P3 indices). Results and Conclusions: We observed substantial disparities for Māori and Pacific peoples compared to other ethnic groups for the vast majority of commonly-diagnosed morbidities. These disparities appeared strongest for the most-common conditions – meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples disproportionately shoulder an increased burden of these key conditions. We also observed that prevalence of these conditions emerged at earlier ages, meaning that Māori and Pacific peoples also experience a disproportionate impact of individual conditions on the quality and quantity of life. Finally, we observed strong disparities in the prevalence of conditions that may exacerbate the impact of COVID-19, such as chronic pulmonary, liver or renal disease. The substantial inequities we have presented here have been created and perpetuated by the social determinants of health, including institutionalised racism: thus solutions will require addressing these systemic issues as well as addressing inequities in individual-level care.

The impact of comparative state-directed development on working conditions and employee satisfaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H Westover
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Job Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Directed Development ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this research, I apply and extend Kohli's state-directed development framework to better understand country-level factors influencing cross-national differences in job characteristics and job satisfaction. Prior research has indicated that the nature of work has changed dramatically in recent years in response to economic shifts and an increasingly global economy. However, there is little agreement on whether the overall quality of work has improved or declined over that period and little is known about the overall comparative quality of work and job satisfaction across the global economy. In this study I use non-panel longitudinal data from the International Social Survey Program (survey questions on job characteristics and job quality) and various country-contextual variables. This article explores the impact of state-directed development on job satisfaction, first identifying and explaining the foundations of the statist literature, and then using various statistical methods to test for statistically significant impact and variation across countries.

The Political Context of Tolerance: The United States and Israel

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Shamir ◽  
John Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
Dual Processes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

This article extends recent work on political tolerance to a cross-national context. In it we argue that a content-controlled measurement strategy is ideal for cross-cultural research, and we examine the dual processes of target group selection and of deciding the extent to which one tolerates target groups, once they are selected. We argue that the first process is rooted in concerns of social adjustment, and the second in externalization and object appraisal. This leads to a certain set of predictions, which we modify slightly when we combine this social psychological theory with a cross-national research design, one we ultimately label a modified most-different-systems design. The same individual level model is estimated on the U.S. and on the Israeli data, and the results suggest that although the social and psychological processes underlying political tolerance are very similar in the two contexts, there are significant political differences between the two nations which do affect the impact of individual-level variables on tolerance.

The Postmodern Individual: Structural Determinants of Attitudes

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 339-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Wernet ◽  
Cheryl Elman ◽  
Brian Pendleton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis study uses the World Values Survey and country level data to explore how social structure, especially cross-national differences in female education, reproductive freedom, and participation in state policy formation, is related to attitudes of postmaterialism and gender ideology. Thefindings show that pro-woman state structure and policies are associated with higher educational attainment for citizens, higher work attainment and income levels, and greater satisfaction. Moreover, women and men who live in states with pro-woman policies are more postmodern in their attitudes; these individuals more readily support gender equality and prefer a culturally rich, high quality of life over economic gain. Women also have more postmodern attitudes than men. This research identifies the structural components and the social processes associated with the holding of individual attitudes, as suggested by House.

Cross-National Variation in Socioeconomic Status and Delinquency: A Comparative Study of Adolescents from 26 European Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Savolainen ◽  
Jukka Savolainen ◽  
Lorine A. Hughes ◽  
Jukka Savolainen ◽  
Lorine A. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cross National

Abstract This research examined cross-national differences in the association between social class and delinquency. The poverty hypothesis expects socioeconomic disadvantage to exert a causal influence on delinquent behavior. This expectation implies that the individual-level association between family SES and delinquent offending will be attenuated at increased levels of collective social protection. The social selection perspective also assumes a negative relationship between SES and delinquency but explains it away as a spurious consequence of intergenerational transmission of antisocial propensity. In light of comparative research on social stratification, the selection perspective suggests that the association between low parental SES and offspring criminality may be stronger in advanced welfare states due to reduced influence of ascribed characteristics on socioeconomic attainment in these countries. Survey data from 26 European countries (n=78,703) were used to evaluate the validity of these conflicting hypotheses. In support of the selection perspective, results showed that class differences in delinquent offending are larger in more advanced welfare states.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Great Recession on Perceived Immigrant Threat: A Cross-National Study of 22 Countries

Societies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonghyun Kwak ◽  
Michael Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
National Study ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Threat Theory

In an increasingly globalized world, anti-immigrant sentiment has become more prevalent. Competitive threat theory suggests that anti-immigrant attitudes increase when adverse economic circumstances intensify competition with immigrants for scarce resources, but past studies using this approach are inconclusive. In this study, we investigate the impact of the Great Recession on perceived immigrant threat—an index of seven items measuring attitudes toward immigrants—using the 2013 International Social Survey Program survey. Using multilevel models, we analyze responses from 18,433 respondents nested within 22 countries. We create a country-level measure of the Great Recession Index comprised of four dimensions—the housing crash, the financial crisis, economic decline, and employment loss—and assess its impact on perceived immigrant threat. After controlling for a variety of individual-level and country-level covariates, we find that the Great Recession is positively associated with perceived immigrant threat. We also identify important interaction effects between the Great Recession Index and change in government expenditures, age, educational levels, citizenship, and urbanization. The study contributes to competitive threat theory by showing the effect of the Great Recession in exacerbating anti-immigrant sentiment.

scholarly journals Perceived problems with adolescent online gaming: National differences and correlations with substance use

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Julian Strizek ◽  
Josefine Atzendorf ◽  
Ludwig Kraus ◽  
Karin Monshouwer ◽  
Alexandra Puhm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Individual Substance ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundNot much is known about the correlation between gaming problems and substance use across different countries. This paper presents cross-national analyses of different gaming indicators and their relationship to substance use.MethodsBased on data from the 2015 ESPAD study, differences in the relationship between gaming and substance use across 35 countries were analysed using multi-level logistic regression, using substance use as an individual level predictor, economic wealth as a country-level predictor and a combined problem gaming indicator as the outcome.ResultsMulti-level logistic regressions revealed significant correlations between individual substance use and gaming problems, which varied across countries and were moderated by economic wealth. Students who used alcohol, tobacco or cannabis and who lived in high-income countries had a smaller risk of scoring positively on a combined problem gaming indicator than students who used alcohol, tobacco or cannabis and who lived in less prosperous countries.DiscussionDifferent gaming indicators varied substantially across countries, with self-perceived gaming problems being more common in countries with a low prevalence of gaming. Significant cross-level effects demonstrate the need to take the societal context into account when the relationship between problem gaming and substance use is analysed. Prevention measures need to take the fact into account that patterns of substance use among problem gamers vary across countries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document