Between “Free Use” and Denial of Access: A Critical Analysis of the Copyright Licensing Scheme for Scholarly Materials in Higher Education in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Alex B. Makulilo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vice Chancellors ◽  
The One

Abstract Over the past ten years universities in Tanzania through the Committee of Vice Chancellors, Principals of Public and Private Universities in Tanzania (CVCPT), have been in dispute with the Copyright Society of Tanzania (COSOTA) over the exploitation of literary copyright protected works. This long-standing dispute has centered on a controversial copyright licensing of reproduction and rental rights scheme issued by COSOTA. On the one hand, universities claim reproduction and rental rights for educational purposes are exempted from the requirement of license under the doctrine of “free use” while the licensing body refutes such claim. This article is set to critically discuss this tension and suggest how the dispute may be resolved. The present analysis is governed by the international and national legal framework on copyright exemptions and limitations.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Current Autonomy Status of the Malaysian Public and Private Universities: An Empirical Result

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer Al-haimi ◽  
Daing Nasir Ibrahim ◽  
Ab Hamid MR
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Autonomy Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vice Chancellors ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Higher Education Transformation ◽  
Education Transformation

The benefits and importance of university autonomy for facilitating and accelerating higher education transformation have been broadly agreed by many higher education stakeholders. This paper aims to investigate the Malaysian public and private universities degree of independence and autonomy from the government and other external forces. The extent of an institute’s autonomy is measured based on their independent in appointive, academic, administrative, and financial matters. An emailed survey has been sent to top-level management of 28 public and private universities in Malaysia, resulting in 126 respondents. The respondents for the survey consisted of vice-chancellors, deputy vice-chancellors, deans, directors, and deputy deans. Using SPSS statistical software, data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results demonstrate that the majority of the components under academic matters, administrative and financial matters are considered high autonomy, with less interference of the government over those institutions. With some reason, autonomy related to the appointment of the vice-chancellors and dismissals of rectors and vice-chancellors is still under government control. However, based on the findings, autonomy development at public and private universities in Malaysia has been engaged in a long journey that enabled it to compete and to progress well at the global level.

scholarly journals The Legal Aspects of Artificial Intelligence based on the EU Experience

Law and World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Routine Tasks ◽  
The One ◽  
The Eu

In the digital era, technological advances have brought innovative opportunities. Artificial intelligence is a real instrument to provide automatic routine tasks in different fields (healthcare, education, the justice system, foreign and security policies, etc.). AI is evolving very fast. More precisely, robots as re-programmable multi-purpose devices designed for the handling of materials and tools for the processing of parts or specialized devices utilizing varying programmed movements to complete a variety of tasks.1 Regardless of opportunities, artificial intelligence may pose some risks and challenges for us. Because of the nature of AI ethical and legal questions can be pondered especially in terms of protecting human rights. The power of artificial intelligence means using it more effectively in the process of analyzing big data than a human being. On the one hand, it causes loss of traditional jobs and, on the other hand, it promotes the creation of digital equivalents of workers with automatic routine task capabilities. “Artificial intelligence must serve people, and therefore artificial intelligence must always comply with people’s rights,” said Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission.2 The EU has a clear vision of the development of the legal framework for AI. In the light of the above, the article aims to explore the legal aspects of artificial intelligence based on the European experience. Furthermore, it is essential in the context of Georgia’s European integration. Analyzing legal approaches of the EU will promote an approximation of the Georgian legislation to the EU standards in this field. Also, it will facilitate to define AI’s role in the effective digital transformation of public and private sectors in Georgia.

scholarly journals Opioid overdose in public libraries: Results from a five state survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Feuerstein-Simon ◽  
Margaret Lowenstein ◽  
Roxanne Dupuis ◽  
Xochitl Luna Marti ◽  
Abby Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Staff ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

AbstractIntroductionPublic libraries are increasingly impacted by the overdose crisis. A 2017 survey of public librarians in the state of Pennsylvania revealed that 12% had reported an on-site overdose in the previous year. There are increasing public and private efforts to equip public libraries with the opioid overdose antidote, naloxone.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of all public library branches in Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Michigan, and Virginia. Survey questions. We used descriptive statistics to report frequencies of responses and crude odds ratios were calculated to predict the dichotomized variable of endorsement of naloxone uptake.ResultsLibrary staff reported witnessing on-site alcohol (45%) and injection drug (14%) use in the past month. The one-year cumulative incidence (12% overall) of on-site overdose ranged from a low of 10% in MI, to a high of 17% in FL. Among libraries with on-site overdoses, a minority (21%) stocked naloxone, and 12% had administered naloxone. Overall, 11% of libraries stocked naloxone on-site. Although 24% of respondents reported attending at least one training regarding SUD in the past year, 91% wanted more training on the topic.ConclusionsPublic library staff routinely address issues related to substance use and overdose in their institutions. This work highlights the importance of including public libraries as part of a comprehensive public health strategy to address substance use-related morbidity and mortality in the U.S.

Education for sustainable development in Pakistani higher education institutions: an exploratory study of students’ and teachers’ perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkaif Ahmed Saqib ◽  
Qingyu Zhang ◽  
Jin Ou ◽  
Khubaib Ahmad Saqib ◽  
Salman Majeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Teachers Perceptions

Purpose This study aims to determine the current state of implementation and effectiveness of education for sustainable development (ESD) in Pakistani higher education institutions (HEIs) using students’ and teachers’ perceptions of sustainability. Design/methodology/approach A survey on teachers and students was conducted in public and private universities in Punjab, Pakistan. Data from 1,915 students and 120 teachers were collected through semi-structured questionnaires implemented during face-to-face interviews. Students were asked to rank social, environmental and economic indicators of sustainability consciousness (SC) on a five-point Likert scale. Structural equation model and regression model are used to analyze the data. The perceptions of students and teachers were assessed from their knowledge of sustainability. Findings The occurrence of ESD in Pakistani HEIs is low and teachers have inadequate knowledge of sustainability. The holistic approach to ESD has a more pronounced effect on students’ SC as compared to the pluralistic approach to ESD. Also, there is a correlation between the students’ grades/class and the effectiveness of ESD. There is a need to pay more attention to implement ESD for undergraduate students in Pakistani HEIs. Originality/value The study stands out for using cross-sectional data from public and private universities of Pakistan. Furthermore, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in Pakistan which attempts to investigate the effectiveness of ESD in terms of students’ SC.

scholarly journals Venezuelan Higher Education: The Chavez Revolution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Levy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

Hugo Chavez's clash with Venezuelan higher education is a vivid present-day example of a history of confrontation between leftist, populist regimes and higher education in Latin America. Chavez has transformed the public sector through creation and expansion of new universities. Chavez's policies have alienated the country's private institutions of higher education. Both public and private universities are reduced in importance.

scholarly journals The Academic Profession in China in the Context of Social Transition: An Institutional Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S99-S116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqiao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
Private Higher Education ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
And Performance

The study deals with the academic profession in China. Its characteristics and relationship with changing social institutions are explored by a historical approach and from an institutional perspective, which includes two elements of government and organization. The major findings of this study are summarized below. First, in accordance with China’s legal framework, public and private higher education institutions are categorized as different legal entities, a difference that leads to favourable conditions for the academic profession in the public sector and to less favourable conditions in the private sector, and which also obstructs personnel flow and competition between the two sectors. Second, the personnel system has changed significantly since 1978, when it was reformed and the policies became more open. This change is largely led by the central government. As regards faculty hiring and promotion, qualification and performance are emphasized over seniority. As regards remuneration and benefits, the egalitarian approach has gradually been replaced by income gains based on performance. Finally, evidence shows that China’s higher education institutions has evolved from so-calleddanweigoverned under a planned system to organizations ruled by the market system, which has caused the academic profession to evolve from adanweiprofession into a more organizational one.

The tension of elite vs . massified higher education systems: how prospective students perceive public and private universities in Kenya

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses Oketch
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
University Education ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Acceptable Quality

This article examines how recent changes, leading to a diversified supply in Kenya's university education system, is reflected in prospective students' aspirations, perceptions and preferences to undertake university education. The results, based on a combination of a convenience and snowball sampling of settings, within which random samples of final year high school students were selected, reveal that aspiration to undertake university education is high among all social groups, and that state universities are preferred by a majority of the students in spite of the rapid growth in the number of private universities of acceptable quality. By examining the aspirations of students and college choice, the paper engages the debates around elite vs . massified higher education in Kenya's context.

scholarly journals Effect of Role Models - A Critical Study on the Recent Research Contribution of Vice-chancellors of Selected Private Universities in India

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Aithal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Research Output ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Private University ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Vice Chancellors ◽  
Administrative Responsibilities

Many Countries around the globe have adopted private University system as a part of their higher education offering strategy. India, being the second highest in the number of private universities in the World, has given exactly 50 % shares to privately governed Universities (Private & Deemed to be universities together) and remaining 50% are Govt. Funded universities (Central & State Govt. together). Presently in India, there are 264 private universities spread over 22 states. Along with providing latest industry-oriented higher education training and placement, private universities are also have the challenge to involve both students and faculties in innovative research in order to increase the research output. While discussing the challenges of increasing the research productivity in organizations, recently proposed Theory of Accountability (Theory A) suggests the strategy of showing ‘Role models’ in the organizations to the researchers so that the target of each and every researcher can be substantially increased with the slogan – ‘It is Possible’. In this paper, we have proposed the responsibility of Vice-chancellors as Role models for researchers to boost the research output of the universities by adding self-contribution of them in the form of research publications. In this regard, we have studied the contribution of Vicechancellors to present them as Role models to researchers in private universities due to their less administrative responsibilities compared to public university Vice-chancellors in India. The research contributions in the form of published papers in journals for the last 5 years is tabulated, analysed, and discussed to see the Role model characteristics and is compared with an optimistic estimate, realistic estimate, and pessimistic estimate of our theoretical prediction. Finally, the reasons for the negative result and some guidelines are suggested to increase the Vice-chancellors contribution to increase the research productivity along with the brand image of the universities.

scholarly journals China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Role of Teachers in Career Counseling of Students at Higher Education Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-990
Author(s):  
Ghulam Fatima ◽  
Misbah Malik ◽  
Rukhsana Bashir ◽  
Noreen Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Career Counseling ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Role Of Teachers

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a blessing for Pakistan and China. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) appears as a major ‘Prosperity Tool’ which can help Pakistan to overcome its economic problems. CPEC has been researched up till now in various trade and commerce fields but its most important linkage with education was hard to find. This study was aimed to identify the role of university teachers in developing awareness and providing guidance and counseling to their students regarding career opportunities existing in the projects of CPEC. All the teachers of public and private universities of city Lahore were the population of the study. A sample of 150 teachers was selected randomly from different departments of two public and two private universities of city Lahore. A self-developed and validated instrument was used to identify the role of teachers. Reliability index (Chronbach Alpha) of the instrument was α= .82. Results showed that teachers were playing their role to make students aware of the CPEC projects. They were also providing counseling informally to their students at higher education level regarding the career opportunities existing in the CPEC projects. There was no significant difference found in the role of teachers in providing career counseling to their students at higher education level about CPEC projects with respect to their gender, residential area, type of university, designation and years of working experience. It was recommended that universities should arrange seminars, workshops, conferences, panel discussions and brainstorming sessions for the sensitization of their faculty members so that they could create awareness among their students regarding CPEC and take measures for their career counseling.

scholarly journals Students’ Satisfaction on Academic Services in Higher Education: Public and Private Universities of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Farha Sultana ◽  
Sunita Nasrinq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Services

Student satisfaction is an outcome of the insight of service quality provided by the university. Government of Bangladesh introduces private universities in 1992 because of huge demand in higher education. Currently, there are 103 private universities, forty-three public universities and three international universities in Bangladesh. But it is a matter of sorrow that, universities are increasing day by day but the qualities of universities are not satisfactory. This study is a comparative study conducted on two universities (one is Rangamati Science and Technology University (public) and another one is Premier University (private). The study was pointed out academic services in the private and the public universities. Based on the review of literature a questionnaire was developed and it was distributed among 120 students. The total 120 respondents have been drawn probabilistically from 2 universities. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis have been used to analyze the data and to draw the findings. It has been found that satisfaction level of the private university students is not up to the mark. Finally, few suggestions have made to increase satisfaction of the university students in Bangladesh. Results revealed that students from Rangamati Science and Technology university (public) and Premier University (private) hold different opinion whether their expectation met or not.

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