Lidio Cipriani (1892–1962), the Photographs in His Popular Science Literature

Nuncius ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-645
Author(s):  
Lucas Orlando Iannuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Social Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Imagination ◽  
Fascist Regime ◽  
Theoretical Apparatus

Abstract The case of Lidio Cipriani (1892–1962) is symptomatic of a time when sciences like anthropology and ethnology supported the fascist ideology and gave it scientific approval in a crucial political moment for Benito Mussolini’s regime (1930–1940), which enacted racist laws and institutionalized the establishment of racial segregation in the colonies as well as within the boundaries of the motherland. Over the past thirty years historiography has focused some attention on the issue, but in this contribution I would like to highlight a point that has only been mentioned in passing in studies dedicated to the Florentine anthropologist, namely the questions surrounding the use of his massive photographic corpus. Since the use of imagery to nourish a collective imagination had become crucial for the fascist regime, an analysis of these images and their circulation may allow us to better explore the interrelationship between a totalitarian political power, the social body impregnated with propaganda, and the physical anthropology practiced by Cipriani, who produced a colossal visual corpus that suited the fascist theoretical apparatus.

Introduction

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Albjerg Graham
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
School Practices ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Musical Scores ◽  
American Children ◽  
High Level ◽  
Over Time

Schools in America have danced to different drummers during their long history. Sometimes the drumbeat demanded rigidity in all programs; sometimes it wanted academic learning for only a few. Sometimes it encouraged unleashing children’s creativity, not teaching them facts. Sometimes it wanted children to solve the social problems, such as racial segregation, adults could not handle. Sometimes it tacitly supported some schools as warehouses, not instructional facilities. Sometimes it sought schooling to be the equalizer in a society in which the gap between rich and poor was growing. Sometimes the principal purpose of schooling seemed to be teaching citizenship and developing habits of work appropriate for a democratic society, while at other times its purpose seemed to be preparation for employment, which needed the same habits of work but also some academic skills. Now, the drumbeat demands that all children achieve academically at a high level and the measure of that achievement is tests. The rhythm and tempo of the drumbeats have shifted relatively frequently, but the schools have not adjusted to the new musical scores with alacrity. They are typically just beginning to master the previous drummers’ music when new drummers appear. Many, though not all, of the new beats have been improvements both for the children and for the nation. All drummers have sought literacy in English for American children, though very modest literacy levels have been acceptable in the past. Drummers have always sought a few students who attained high levels of academic achievement, including children from disparate social, economic, and racial backgrounds. Beyond that consensus, however, what we have wanted from schooling has changed dramatically over time. These expectations for schools typically have been expressed through criticisms—often virulent—of current school practices, and the responses that followed inevitably were slower and less complete than the most ardent critics demanded. These are the shifting assignments given to schools. The following chapters of this book describe these shifting assignments given to schools and then to colleges during the last century: “Assimilation: 1900– 1920”; “Adjustment: 1920–1954”; “Access: 1954–1983”; and “Achievement: 1983–Present.”

Myth, History, and Literature in Virgin Land

Prospects ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Trachtenberg
Keyword(s):  
American West ◽  
Social Memory ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virgin Land ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Imagination ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Professional historians will surely agree that the writing of history is itself an act of historical consequence. If history is, as Carl Becker argues, “the artificial extension of the social memory,” and if social identity and behavior depend in part on memory, then created versions of the past are a serious matter. They can have decisive effects on the present. Henry Nash Smith's Virgin Land is an exemplary form of a creative history which extends, refines, and enlightens social memory. And it does so in a particularly significant way, by pioneering a new area for study, a new territory in the landscape of memory. It is the area of a general cultural consciousness—“the region of culture,” as Leo Marx puts it, “where literature, general ideas, and certain products of the collective imagination—we may call them ‘cultural symbols’— meet.” Henry Nash Smith himself describes as his aim to trace “the impact of the West, the vacant continent beyond the frontier, on the consciousness of Americans.” His territory is consciousness in relation to a complex historical actuality, the American West.

The Occupied Territories, Gaza, and Israel’s Recent Slide to Authoritarianism

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-292
Author(s):  
Menachem Mautner
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Fascist Regime ◽  
The Government ◽  
Israel Defense Forces

AbstractIn recent years there have been numerous warnings in the press and in the social networks that Israel is about to convert its liberal democracy into a fascist regime. This Article argues that the occupation of the West Bank stands at the root of the most important processes that have been taking place in Israel in the past five decades. One of those processes is the erosion of Israel’s liberalism. I claim that the prolongation of the occupation is the central, lasting threat to Israel’s liberalism. In essence, the occupation breeds denunciations of and protests against the government and the Israel Defense Forces, and these, in turn, bring about measures on the part of the government and right-wing civil society organizations that undermine or threaten Israel’s liberalism. In addition, the full-scale wars between Israel and Gaza, and the continuation of violence between the parties in the periods between the wars, undermine or threaten Israel’s liberalism.

scholarly journals The bodies of Zuzanna Ginczanka

Tekstualia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (57) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kumala
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Social Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ambiguous Position

The article focuses on the representations of the body in Zuzanna Ginczanka’s poetry. There are four crucial poetic constructions in this respect that need to be properly contextualized: the Jewish body (Ginczanka’s beauty and stigma, her legendary eyes), the lyrical body (the feminine origin of her poetry, its erotic, emancipatory character, the meaning of victim and revenge themes), the individual and the social body (the ways of shaping her identity and some of her key performative gestures), and, fi nally, the visual body (the poet’s public image in the past and now). Aside from Bożena Keff’s and Agata Araszkiewicz’s discussions of Jewishness in Ginczanka’s poetry, the article refers to Erving Goffman’s, Jean-Paul Sartre’s and Richard Schechner’s theories to illuminate the complex mechanisms behind Zuzanna Ginczanka’s ambiguous position in the literary and cultural discourse through the years.

The Prevalence and the Increasing Significance ofGuanxi

2018 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 597-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjie Bian
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Science Literature ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Institutional Uncertainty ◽  
Level Variable

AbstractThis paper provides an analytical review of the social science literature onguanxi. The focus of this review is on the prevalence and the increasing significance ofguanxiduring China's post-1978 reforms, which were implemented to move the country towards a market economy. Since then, researchers have engaged in debates on whatguanxiactually means to Chinese people in the past and today, how it has been adaptive to ongoing institutional transformations, and why its influence in economic, social, and political spheres can stabilize, increase or decrease with market reforms and economic growth. The author provides a synthesis of these debates before offering a theoretical framework which provides an understanding of the dynamics ofguanxithrough the changing degrees of institutional uncertainty and market competition. Survey findings on the increasing use ofguanxiin labour markets from 1978 to 2009 are presented to illustrate the usefulness of this framework. In the conclusion, the author argues thatguanxiis a five-level variable, and that the nature and forms ofguanxiinfluence are contingent upon whetherguanxiis a tie of connectivity, a sentimental tie, a sentiment-derived instrumental tie, an instrumental-particular tie, or an obligational tie that facilitates power and money exchanges. This five-level conceptualization is aimed at advancing future scholarship ofguanxiin China's rapidly changing society.

Production et distraction. L'imaginaire moderne entre le travail et le spectacle

2020 ◽  
pp. 586-595
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Susca
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Social Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Imagination ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

If production is the material axis of industrial revolutions, the spectacle is its intangible basis. At the beginning (second half of the 18th century), in Marxian terms, it was a superstructure used to feed and justify the structure. However, it quickly becomes the pulsating heart of modern societies. This is where the modern collective imagination really develops: mass culture. The cultural industry thus takes shape on the social body so as to spontaneously attach it to the order in force and, at the same time, to resemble it as much as possible. It also becomes a battlefield, the terrain where tactics of daily resistance to production are deployed.

scholarly journals Care for the Other: Lessons from the streets of Athens

2020 ◽  
pp. 135050682092370
Author(s):  
Angie Voela
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identities ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Public Spheres ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Turmoil

Austerity in Greece resulted in poverty, political and social turmoil and intense debates about collective identities, citizenship and the future. One of the main arguments has been that the Greeks should re-evaluate their relationship with the past and their over-reliance on national narratives. The task of re-evaluation can only be accomplished in the public spheres of politics and culture, where individual and collective voices gradually transform the imaginary significations that animate the social body. One such voice is Rhea Galanaki, a novelist with a long and distinguished presence in Greek and European literature. The present article draws on her 2015 novel I Akra Tapeinosi (The Utter Humiliation) in order to flesh out a feminist political vision for the future. This vision draws inspiration from women’s struggles against patriarchy in past decades, and resonates with the concepts of vulnerability and care, contributing to thinking a compassionate alternative to the politics of despair within and beyond the Greek borders.

scholarly journals Actors in the social world of public drama theatre in Poland during the communist period and in the 21st century. A comparative analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Emilia Zimnica-Kuzioła
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
The Political ◽  
Administrative Staff ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Regard ◽  
Professional Ethos ◽  
Empirical Material

This article aims to provide a comparative analysis of the social condition of actors during the communist era in Poland and after the political transformation of 1989. The empirical material used by the author includes popular science publications devoted to actors of Polish public drama theatres as well as free-flowing interviews conducted by the author in 2015–2017 with theatre artists representing six Polish theatrical centres. Actors who remember the period of the People’s Republic of Poland well are nostalgic about the past theatrical life, they remember being on familiar terms within theatre teams, anti-rankism, and the inclusion of technical and administrative staff in the community of artists without emphasising hierarchies. Today, the social, ideological and political divides in theatre teams are more noticeable. Distinguished actors are being challenged by young colleagues, while they were held in high regard in the past. Nowadays, multi-active actors demythologise the profession of an actor and point to the decline of the professional ethos.

scholarly journals FACTORS OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL TRANSFER IN NAMING UNITS OF SOCIAL DISEASES: A DIACHRONIC APPROACH

2018 ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
E. V. Arkhipova ◽  
A. G. Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Native Language ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Cultural Transfer ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Linguistic Units

This article deals with the processes of linguistic and cultural transfer of nominations of the social diseases sphere in the diachronic aspect, as well as the factors that lead to the appearance and consolidation of new linguistic units in the language. The study features nominations related to the social diseases and medical spheres taken from bilingual and multilingual medical dictionaries and dictionaries of foreign words, scientific and popular science literature. We can distinguish the following diachronic classification of English words in Russian language: 1) non-assimilated anglicisms; 2) partially assimilated anglicisms; 3) fully assimilated anglicisms. The extralinguistic factors of linguistic and cultural transfer may include the interaction of cultures and the authority of the source language. The intralinguistic factors may include the absence of the equivalent in the native language, the tendency to use one word instead of a descriptive phrase, impossibility of formation of derivatives in the native language. 

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