Representation and Reference

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ankersmit

AbstractThis essay focuses on the historical text as a whole. It does so by conceiving of the historical text as representation ‐ in the way the we may say of a photo or a painting that it represents the person depicted on it. It is argued that representation cannot be properly understood by modelling it on true description. So all the central questions asked since the days of Frege with regard to how the true statement relates to the world must be asked anew, if we wish to understand how a historical representation relates to what it is about. Three claims are made. In the first place, representation is not a two-place but a three-place operator: apart from a representation (say, a book on Napoleon) and what the representation represents (Napoleon himself), a representation also indicates an aspect of represented reality (an aspect of Napoleon). The second claim is that this notion of the aspect is crucial for a proper understanding of (historical) representation. Thirdly, it is argued that traditional theories of reference cannot account for the relationship between a representation and the aspect indicated by it.

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONEN PALAN

IR constructivism maintain that a proper understanding of the way subjects interact with the world and with each other alerts us to the fallacy of conventional IR theory. And yet, for a theory that is so obviously dependent upon a rigorous working of the relationship between social theory and its IR variant, it is curious that, with one or two exceptions, IR constructivists often advance incompatible theories. I argue that the confused manner by which, in particular, ‘soft’ constructivism relates to social theory is not accidental but a necessary component of a theory that asserts, but never proves, the primacy of norms and laws over material considerations, in domestic and international politics.


2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Klofft

[In the writings of Orthodox theologian Paul Evdokimov (1901–1970), Western theology can find new resources regarding the relationship between gender and moral development. The author presents Evdokimov's unique theological anthropology in the context of both the complicated question of gender, as well as the effects that gender has on the way women and men act. While the goal of the Christian life for both is the transformation of the individual through asceticism, the role each plays in the salvation of the world differs markedly.]


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-132
Author(s):  
Paul Avis

AbstractHow can we explain the fact that the Anglican Covenant divides people of equal integrity and comparable wisdom around the world? We need to ask whether we have correctly understood both the ecclesiology of the Anglican Communion and the terms of the Covenant. What is implied in being a Communion of Churches, where the churches are the subjects of the relationship of communion (koinonia)? What does the Covenant commit its signatories to and, in particular, what does it say about doctrinal and ethical criteria for communion? Is it legitimate to apply biblical covenant language, in which the covenant relationship is between God and Israel, to relations between churches? By addressing some of the concerns of those who oppose it, a case is made in favour of the Covenant and some reassurances are offered. In conclusion, the mystical dimension of being in communion is affirmed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (36) ◽  
pp. 01-20
Author(s):  
Adriana Hoffmann Fernandes ◽  
Helenice Mirabelli Cassino

This article combines thoughts about childhood, visual culture and education. It is known that we live among multiple images that shape the way we see our reality, and researchers in the visual culture field investigate how this role is played out in our culture. The goal is to make some applications those ideas, to think about the relationship between the images and education. This article tries to grasp what visual culture is and in what ways presumptions about childhood generate and are generated by this association. It also discusses the genesis of these presumptions and the images they generate through a philosophical approach, questioning the role of education in a culture tied to the media, and about how children, who are familiar with multiple screens, presage a new visual literacy. We see how images play a fundamental role in the way children give meaning to the world around them and to themselves, in the context of their local culture. Given this context, it is necessary to consider how visual culture is tied to the elementary school, and what challenges confront the generation of wider and more creative ways to approach visual framing in children’s education.


Author(s):  
Bill Angus

This chapter explores Jonson’s metadramatic technique in Sejanus and Poetaster and its staging of the legitimacy of poetic and political authority. The informer lurks in the metadramatic shadows here, as a significant element within both Jonson’s critique of compromised authority in Sejanus, and the implications he makes in Poetaster, about his artistic enemies. In both cases their authority is tainted by the connection, going beyond simply blaming informers for the woes of his society, the most significant aspect of this is the way in which metadrama and the structures of informing fit so integrally together. The chapter also asks what this means for the person of the author. If Poetaster addresses the relationship between poetic legitimacy and political authority within the world of the informer, Sejanus elevates this discourse to the realm of political revolution, in which, for the authorities of the time, Jonson’s desire to monopolise poetic legitimacy in the production of his own dramatic authority seems ambitiously excessive.


Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sharon Y. Small

Wu 無 is one of the most prominent terms in Ancient Daoist philosophy, and perhaps the only term to appear more than Dao in both the Laozi and the Zhuangzi. However, unlike Dao, wu is generally used as an adjective modifying or describing nouns such as “names”, “desires”, “knowledge”, “action”, and so forth. Whereas Dao serves as the utmost principle in both generation and practice, wu becomes one of the central methods to achieve or emulate this ideal. As a term of negation, wu usually indicates the absence of something, as seen in its relation to the term you 有—”to have” or “presence”. From the perspective of generative processes, wu functions as an undefined and undifferentiated cosmic situation from which no beginning can begin but everything can emerge. In the political aspect, wu defines, or rather un-defines the actions (non-coercive action, wuwei 無為) that the utmost authority exerts to allow the utmost simplicity and “authenticity” (the zi 自 constructions) of the people. In this paper, I suggest an understanding of wu as a philosophical framework that places Pre-Qin Daoist thought as a system that both promotes our understanding of the way the world works and offers solutions to particular problems. Wu then is simultaneously metaphysical and concrete, general, and particular. It is what allows the world, the society, and the person to flourish on their own terms.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 202-214
Author(s):  
A.K. Meırbekov ◽  
◽  
A.E. Smatova ◽  
B.M. Tіleýberdıev ◽  
◽  
...  

This article deals with the study of toponyms of Kazakh and English toponymy in the context of cognitive linguistics and the mechanism of interpretation of representation and perception of color names in toponyms and the principles of construction of these mechanisms. Toponyms are analyzed as a speech expression processed in the consciousness of the linguistic image of the world-the relationship of man and the environment. The modern stage of place names in cognitive research includes the consideration of language as one of the cognitive subsystems and onomastic vocabulary in the formulation of surrounding truths. The composition of the national toponymic picture of the world determines the motivation of the land-water names made in relation to the color names. Studying the combination of onym appellation, nominated from the attributes of the colors used in both languages. The color designation in toponyms is considered in connection with the peculiarities of geographical objects and their perception by human visual organs. Due to the fact that the external world is transmitted to different peoples in the form of specific idioethnic patterns, in place names of different ethnic groups, color symbols are recognized by new facets. The article discusses the color characteristics of the space in the names earth-water, given as a sample. Various approaches to the nature of the color components of geographical names are analyzed, and the possibility of symbolic and orientational interpretation of color is shown. The fact that the color in toponyms can serve as an orientation function, and not just as an indicator of the horizon side, also does not go unnoticed. The toponyms also present the results of research related to the nature of the object in which the symbolism of color orientation is nominated.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD N. LANGLOIS

AbstractIn ‘Max U versus Humanomics: a Critique of Neoinstitutionalism’, Deirdre McCloskey tells us that culture matters – maybe more than do institutions – in explaining the Great Enrichment that some parts of the world have enjoyed over the past 200 years. But it is entrepreneurship, not culture or institutions, that is the proximate cause of economic growth. Entrepreneurship is not a hothouse flower that blooms only in a culture supportive of commercial activity; it is more like kudzu, which grows invasively unless it is cut back by culture and institutions. McCloskey needs to tell us more about the structure of the relationship among culture, institutions, and entrepreneurship, and thus to continue the grand project begun by Schumpeter.


2014 ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Antonio Calderón

El ejercicio docente y la ética profesional desde la perspectiva de Paulo Freire. The teaching labor and the professional ethics from Paulo Freire’s perspective.  Recibido: 31/07/2013 ∙ Aceptado: 28/08/2013ResumenLa ética es una disciplina que ofrece una perspectiva integral de la conduc­ta, facilitando la comprensión del ser humano sobre su propia realidad, sobre su mundo y la manera en que enfrenta y busca la felicidad. La ética para Freire es la herramienta a través de la cual se puede plantear una reflexión sobre el adecuado comportamiento de las personas; el ámbito profesional no escapa a las consideraciones de la ética porque antes de ser profesional se es persona.Palabras clave: Compromiso - diálogo - crítica - humanismo - profesionalAbstractEthics is a discipline which offers and integrating perspective of behaviour; it facilitates the understanding of human beings on their own realities, the world they live in and the way they look for and face happiness. Freire suggests ethics is also a tool to think about people’s proper behaviour. In consequence, the professional sphere is not away from the scope of ethics as people are human beings before having a certain profession. This article intends to explore the relationship among education, professional ethics in people’s thoughts and the practice of the Brazilian educator.KeyWords: Commitment - dialogue - critical - humanism - professional 


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
Edinael Pinheiro Da Silva ◽  
Geovani Goncalves Farias ◽  
Odair José Aragão Alves

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e analisar de que maneira as políticas públicas permeiam o cotidiano dos ribeirinhos da Comunidade Menino Deus, bem como, indicar a relação existente entre ela e o modo de vida desses sujeitos. Desse modo, verificamos que as políticas públicas aplicadas nessa Comunidade são desarticuladas uma das outras, onde os órgãos responsáveis, não planejam e nem formulam suas ações de forma conjunta, muito menos garantem a participação desses sujeitos nos processos de elaboração e decisões das políticas públicas. Portanto, a análise desse processo deu-se por meio de observações realizadas na referida Comunidade, onde foi possível apreender os reflexos de tais políticas no modo de vida. Utilizou-se de aplicação de questionários e entrevistas com os moradores de Menino Deus, bem como, alguns instrumentos de pesquisa como fotos do espaço estudado e, posteriormente, a análise dos dados que são apresentados no corpo deste trabalho, facilitando o entendimento e a interpretação dos resultados. Palavras-chave: Políticas Públicas; Modo de Vida Ribeirinho; Comunidade.   THE PUBLIC POLITICIES AND THEIR REFLEXES IN THE WAY OF LIFE OF THE RIVERSIDE DWELLERS IN THE MENINO DEUS COMMUNITY IN PORTEL (PA) Abstract The aim of this work is to identify and analyze how these public politicies permeat the daily lives of the Riverside dwellers from the Menino Deus Community, as well as explain the relationship that exixts between it and the way of living of those people. Even though, we have noticed  that the public politicies that were applied in that Community are disjointed fron the others, where the responsible bodies don’t plan, nor formulate their actions jointly and much less guarantee the participation of those individuals in the process of elaborations and decisions of the public politicies. Therefore, the analysis of that process was through observations made in the referred Community, where it was possible to learn the reflexes of such politicies in their way of living. It was used the application of a questionnaire and interviews with Menino Deus’ residentes, as well as, some research tools as pictures of the studied space and subsequentlyr, the analysis of the data that are presented in the body of this work, facilitates the understanding and the interpretation of the results. Word-keys: Public Politicies; Riverside dwellers; Way of Life; Community.   LAS POLITICAS PUBLICAS Y SUS REPERCUSION EN EL MODO DE VIDA RIBEREÑOS EN LA COMUNIDAD MENINO DEUS EM PORTEL (PA) Resumen Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar y analizar de qué manera las políticas públicas permean lo cotidiano de los ribereños de la Comunidad Menino Deus, bien como indicar la relación existente entre ella y el modo de vida de los comunarios. De ese modo, se verifico que las políticas públicas aplicadas en esa comunidad son desarticuladas unas con las otras donde los órganos responsables no planean ni formulan sus acciones de forma conjunta y mucho menos garanten la participación de los comunarios en los procesos de elaboración y decisiones de las políticas públicas. Por tanto, el análisis de ese proceso se dio por medio de observaciones realizadas en la mencionada comunidad, donde fue posible aprender los reflejos de tales políticas en el modo de vida. Se utilizaron aplicaciones de entrevistas con los moradores de Menino Deus, así como algunos instrumentos de investigación como fotos del espacio estudiado, y posteriormente el análisis de los datos que son presentados en el cuerpo de este trabajo, facilitando el entendimiento y la interpretación de los resultados.  Palabras clave: Políticas Públicas, Modo de Vida Ribereño, Comunidad.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document