Grotius and Kant on Original Community of Goods and Property

Grotiana ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-128
Author(s):  
Sylvie Loriaux
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Hugo Grotius

This paper is interested in the critical potential of the idea of original common possession of the Earth. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Hugo Grotius and Immanuel Kant, it shows how different the meaning of this idea can be within a theory of property or territory. The first part is devoted to Grotius’s account of why and how the institution of property was progressively introduced. It highlights the importance this account attaches to the intention of the first distributors for a good understanding of property laws, and in particular, for an understanding of their non-application in situations of extreme necessity. The second part takes the opposite path and shows that although Kant rejects the very existence of a right of necessity, the idea that one might be liberated from a law is not completely absent from, and even plays a crucial role in, his account of property. Clarification of this role ultimately leads us back to the idea of original possession in common of the Earth.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Qarun Story in Quran and Bible

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Davood Memari ◽  
Mojgan Aghayi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Earth

As a symbol of wealth, Qarun life is amalgamated with arrogance and rebellion in three Surahs of Quran: Al-Qasas (Stories), Al-Ankabut (Spider) and Ghafir (Forgiver). In Al-Ankabut and Ghafir just one Ayah (line) is dedicated to Qarun story, but Al-Qasas portrays his pride and intoxication of unlimited wealth which was followed by him forgetting God and kindness with others, and lastly his death in seven ayahs. Based on Quran, Qarun is from Moses (peace be upon him) tribe but he oppressed his own people. He was very wealthy and believed his wealth was just the result of his competency and merit. His people benevolently advised him, and also God reminds him and all those who are like Qarun that there were some even more powerful and avarice people than Qarun him but all died. Yet he again refused to donate his wealth and began to show off, and the worldly minded wished they had been in his place. Then God’s torment was descended and he commanded the earth to devour Qarun and his house. Bible, like Quran, describes his fate in “Ishah 16, Journey of Numbers” under the Hebrew name of “Qarun bin Izhar bin Kohath bin Levi”: “Qarun is Moses cousin, but as he was jealous of Moses and Aaron, he rebelled against Moses with collaboration of Dathan, Abiram, and Oan and 250 of leaders of Bani Israel. After that earth opened its mouth and devoured Qarun, Dathan and Abiram. Afterward a fire came from Lord and burnt the remaining of his companions. Here in this study we are going to compare these texts as nowadays it is necessary to discuss these natters enabling us to unite followers of holy religions and preventing discord.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of students’ collective consciousness in the Russia-EU and Russia-China border regions: mathematical modelling

Baltic Region ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
R. H Simonyan ◽  
L. N. Slutskin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Regional Studies ◽  
Collective Consciousness ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Border Regions

Given the unique diversity of Russian regions, regional studies are becoming particularly important for ensuring the stability and development of Russia. There is an extensive body of literature on the economic and social characteristics of Russian regions, their types and ranking whereas the study of collective consciousness requires further attention. It is the collective consciousness that shapes human activity, the results of which largely determine the development of countries and their regions. The authors study the spiritual sphere of regions, the inner world of people, who are human capital. This study is particularly important in relation to Russian youth, who have become one of the most active social groups. The public demand for the analysis of collective consciousness has been constantly growing. The authors argue that there are regional differences in collective consciousness, which are manifested most prominently in the comparison of eastern and western regions. The growing intensity of interaction between Europe and Asia makes the comparison of the western and eastern border regions of Russia particularly important from the geopolitical point of view. The authors employ the principles of an emerging scientific direction, border regional studies, for a comparative analysis of the collective consciousness of students from two border regions located on the Russia-European Union and Russia-China borders. The authors present the results of the survey they conducted in the Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (Kaliningrad) and Amur State University (Blagoveshchensk). They examine the sociological phenomenon of ‘regional consciousness’ and substantiate the criteria for selecting the objects of research. It is the first time in sociology that logistic regression models reflecting the main characteristics of regional consciousness have been built. The article aims to confirm the multiplicity of types of regional consciousness and to demonstrate that in the socially homogeneous group, Russian graduate students, there are still regional differences even in the generally similar assessments of the ongoing social processes.

scholarly journals Hiliatic theories in the context of Protestant eschatology (exegetical-comparative analysis

2006 ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Vitaliy I. Docush
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The State ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Global Character ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

At the intersection of the second and third millennia in connection with the natural (destruction of the state of the earth, water and atmosphere) and social (alcoholism, drug addiction, immoralism, extremism, wars, etc.) cataclysms that are taking on a global character, the eschatological prophecies about the end of the world have intensified the coming of the millennial Kingdom of God. In contrast to the existing problems, the Kingdom of God is offered as an ideal system of government with such qualitative characteristics as equality, justice, material and spiritual completeness.

scholarly journals RELEVANCE OF INFORMATION AND CONTRACTUAL MODALITY OF AESTHETIC MEDICINE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN SPANISH AND POLISH CASE-LAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Dominika Rymkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
To Receive

Aesthetic medicine has been developing at a fast pace in recent years. It is necessary and ethical for anyone who undergoes any of these treatments to receive complete information on its implementation methods, as well as its consequences andadverse effects. Only once the person who would be affected by these procedures obtains truthful and impartial information, can he or she provide a legally binding consent to undergo a procedure. Thus, the information received by the patient plays a crucial role since it underlies the subject’s decision concerning the treatment.

scholarly journals Autonomous Underwater Vehicle in Internet of Underwater Things: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012080
Author(s):  
Chinonso Okereke ◽  
Nur Haliza Abdul Wahab ◽  
Mohd Murtadha Mohamad ◽  
S H Zaleha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Underwater Vehicles ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Water, mostly oceans, covers over two-third of the earth. About 95% of these oceans are yet to be explored which includes 99% of the sea-beds. The introduction of the Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) underwater has become a powerful technology necessary to the quest to develop a SMART Ocean. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) play a crucial role in this technology because of their mobility and longer energy storage. In order for AUV technologies to be effective, the challenges of AUVs must be adequately solved. This paper provides an overview of the challenges of IoUT, the contributions of AUVs in IoUT as well as the current challenges and opening in AUV. A summary and suggestion for future work was discussed.

scholarly journals VIEWS OF POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL TRENDS RELATED TO THE LAND CONFLICT AND ITS STATUS

Adam alemi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
R. Akhmaganbetov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Land Conflict ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Actual Conflict ◽  
Points Of View

The land conflict has long been a type of actual conflict. There are land conflicts of various levels in Kazakhstan. There are different points of view related to the land conflict. There are many prerequisites for the emergence of these views. The study examined the views of representatives of various political and philosophical trends related to the status of the earth. Representatives of the liberal trend consider land as capital. The analysis of the works of representatives of the liberal movement considering land as capital is carried out. Representatives of the socialist trend consider land as state property. Lenin's works deal with issues related to the resolution of the land conflict. Representatives of postcolonialism explain the emergence of the earthly conflict by the influence of colonial empires. In connection with the land conflict, the positions of the Alash intelligentsia are considered. Meanwhile, the analysis of differences in the views of socialists and the Alash intelligentsia in resolving the land conflict was carried out. In traditional Kazakh society, land is considered as a value. This is not consistent with the concepts of capital or property. The earth is considered as a sacred concept. A comparative analysis of such different points of view is carried out. The historical prerequisites for the emergence of a land conflict at the present time are considered.

The International Society – World Society Distinction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Williams
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
International Society ◽  
International System ◽  
World Society ◽  
English School ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
The One

The English School, or society of states approach, is a threefold method for understanding how the world operates. According to English School logic, there are three distinct spheres at play in international politics, and two of these are international society and world society—the third being international system. On the one hand, international society (Hugo Grotius) is about the institutionalization of shared interest and identity amongst states, and rationalism puts the creation and maintenance of shared norms, rules, and institutions at the centre of international relations (IR) theory. This position has some parallels to regime theory, but is much deeper, having constitutive rather than merely instrumental implications. On the other hand, world society (Immanuel Kant) takes individuals, non-state organizations, and the global population as a whole as the focus of global societal identities and arrangements, and revolutionism puts transcendence of the state system at the centre of IR theory. Revolutionism is mostly about forms of universalist cosmopolitanism. This position has some parallels to transnationalism but carries a much more foundational link to normative political theory. International society has been the main focus of English School thinking, and the concept is quite well developed and relatively clear, whereas world society is the least well developed of the English School concepts and has not yet been clearly or systematically articulated.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) foci in the Saratov region

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
A. V Ryabova ◽  
M. A Tarasov ◽  
K. S Zakharov ◽  
N. V Popov
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The aim of the research was the assessment of the level ofa potential epidemic danger of the anthropourgic foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the cities of Saratov and Atkarsk ofthe Saratov region. There was performed a comparative retrospective analysis of data of epizootological monitoring of focal territories for the period from 1999 to 2014. For the detection of the spatial structure of HFRS foci there were used methods of remote sensing of the Earth. As a result, there have been revealed spatio-temporal features of an activity of HFRS foci in suburbs, some hallmarks of landscape and biocenotic structure were established.

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