scholarly journals Learned Societies and Academic Sociability in Nineteenth-Century Transylvania

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-224
Author(s):  
Borbála Zsuzsanna Török
Keyword(s):  
Political Support ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Central European ◽  
Social Fragmentation ◽  
Elite Culture ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

AbstractProceeding on sub-state and transnational scales, the study inquires into the cultural contextualization of those marginal territories of Europe whose participation in the larger circulation of knowledge and goods had faced prolonged infrastructural, economic, and political hindrances. The author seeks an answer to the question whether such regions with unusual social fragmentation, economic backwardness, and exotic external image do still belong to the “European” realm. Comparing the divergent trajectories of local learned societies in the eastern province of the Habsburg monarchy, Transylvania, she inquires into the correlation of scholarly practice and the formation of collective identities with regard to internal and external constitutive factors, and patronage and political support from the state (or the lack of it). The essay ends with a mixed result; local practices carried the peculiarities of the immediate environment, and also the impact of a Central-European, that is, Austrian, and German academic tradition. This locality could, and indeed, did occasionally look outlandish to native critics and foreign travelers. However, at least at the level of elite culture and scholarship, this province also shared the general traits of the “Western” practice.

Experiencing Community: Continuity and Transformation of Residential Life under the Inka Empire in Huarochirí (Lima, Peru)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Carla Hernández Garavito
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Residential Life ◽  
The People ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Community Continuity ◽  
Inka Empire ◽  
The Impact

Most archaeological research on the impact of Inka imperialism at the domestic level centers on the intrusion of Inka-style buildings into pre-Inka domestic settlements as transforming the experience of domestic life and actively hindering interhousehold interaction. Results from excavations in the site of Ampugasa in Huarochirí (Lurín valley, Lima, Peru) show that pre-Inka residential spaces (patio-groups) were replaced by enclosures with a single access to an internal patio for domestic activities. My analysis shows that pre-Inka houses were ritually closed, directly connected to the site's ritual core, and remained part of the everyday life experience of people in the settlement. I argue that Ampugasa's transformation corresponds to a pattern of Inka imperialism in Huarochirí that enshrined rather than erased the collective ritual practices through which the people of Huarochirí maintained a broad regional identity. I propose that the interplay between Inka transformation of domestic space in Ampugasa and the continuity of ritual and secular practices among the site's inhabitants shows a space of negotiation where Inka imperialism still relied heavily on local practices that fostered the continuity of collective identities.

Liszt at the Piano: The Impact of Iconography on mid-Nineteenth Century Musicology

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 131-144
Author(s):  
Suzanne Marie Francis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Music History ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Iconic Status ◽  
The Impact

By the time of his death in 1827, the image of Beethoven as we recognise him today was firmly fixed in the minds of his contemporaries, and the career of Liszt was beginning to flower into that of the virtuosic performer he would be recognised as by the end of the 1830s. By analysing the seminal artwork Liszt at the Piano of 1840 by Josef Danhauser, we can see how a seemingly unremarkable head-and-shoulders bust of Beethoven in fact holds the key to unlocking the layers of commentary on both Liszt and Beethoven beneath the surface of the image. Taking the analysis by Alessandra Comini as a starting point, this paper will look deeper into the subtle connections discernible between the protagonists of the picture. These reveal how the collective identities of the artist and his painted assembly contribute directly to Beethoven’s already iconic status within music history around 1840 and reflect the reception of Liszt at this time. Set against the background of Romanticism predominant in the social and cultural contexts of the mid 1800s, it becomes apparent that it is no longer enough to look at a picture of a composer or performer in isolation to understand its impact on the construction of an overall identity. Each image must be viewed in relation to those that preceded and came after it to gain the maximum benefit from what it can tell us.

Seeing Women, Strengthening Democracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Hinojosa ◽  
Miki Caul Kittilson
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
The Impact

How does the more equitable representation of women in positions of power affect male and female citizens? We argue that the election of women to political office—particularly where women’s presence is highly visible to the public—strengthens the connections between women and the democratic process. For women, seeing more “people like me” in politics changes attitudes and orientations toward the democratic process. Substantial variation persists across Latin America in gender gaps in political engagement and political support. To assess the effects that women’s officeholding has on these, we pair comparative survey data from Latin American countries with case study evidence from Uruguay. The Uruguayan case offers a unique laboratory for testing the impact of women’s representation in elected positions of power on political engagement and support. Our panel survey of Uruguayan citizens reveals that the expected gender gaps in political knowledge, political interest, and other forms of political engagement were alive and well six weeks before the elections. Yet, just six weeks following the election—after the use of a gender quota had led to a doubling of women’s representation in the Senate—those gender gaps had largely disappeared or had significantly waned. Our findings indicate that far-reaching gender gaps can be overcome by more equitable representation in our political institutions.

scholarly journals (Re)claiming English Language Today

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Nadežda Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Standard English ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Cultural Renewal ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Impact

In the huge and most diverse discussion on the influence of the English language as a second, international, or bridge language, there are distinctive voices drawing attention to the fact that this language as nowadays so widely used in innumerable contexts, is no longer ‘owned’ by the community of speakers to whom it is mother language, those primarily of the countries from where English language originates. Moreover, the number of people speaking, or rather using English language today either as their second or foreign language, by far outnumbers people to whom it is native. Situation being such, it is further claimed the concept of ‘standard English’ reflects inherent inequality stance, for if it belongs to everyone speaking it, then insisting on the supremacy on only one of its variants means placing all those speakers of it in a subdued position, and this possibly being yet another facet of English an agent of neocolonialism and globalization (Pennycook 1998, Phillipson 1992). The spread of the English language has been much investigated as oppressive to the formation and expression of personal and collective identities, degrading national languages and through globalization diminishing the impact of local cultures (Bhaba 1990), that it challenges cultures and discourses, being the impetus for continuous re-codification and re-colonisation (Foucault 1980). However, equally significant in relevance and number, the opposing views claim English today offers an expanded community of users enabling new ways of expressing, changing, negotiating voices that offer chances for cultural renewal and exchange around the world, that the awareness of this brings “decolonizing of the colonizers mind” (Penycook 2013). Taking the flip side of the situation, English language natives are noted to be in a paradoxical situation of being expatriates from their own language, themselves “co-victims” (Bratlinger 1990). This insurgent knowledge of the status of English language today is certainly to instigate further investigation, ‘writing back’ of what ontology this language now embodies.

scholarly journals Mission or money?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Keynote Presentation ◽  
Learned Societies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Circulation Of Knowledge

Keynote presentation. The current debates about the future of academic publishing have generated much discussion about the most appropriate way to support financially the widespread circulation of knowledge. Yet there have been debates about this since at least the 1890s. Drawing upon my historical research, I will describe how scholarly publishing has a long history of not making money. Indeed, until the mid-twentieth century, its costs were frequently sponsored (i.e. subsidised) by learned societies, by universities, by government and by private donors. It was only in the early Cold War years, in a time of expanding output of research, that mission-driven publishers began to seriously focus on sales income as a means of covering costs; and then, later, as a means of generating income. Should publishing be treated as mission, or as a means to mission? My talk will seek to untangle the historical relationship between publishing, money-making and scholarly mission.

Muscovite Political Culture

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Kollmann
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
Elite Culture ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter reveals the deep structures of Muscovite politics by explaining first its theoretical foundations (in which written texts and symbolic representations combined to present a consistent worldview) and then its practical operations (heavily dependent on kinship, marriage and patronage networks). Though it focuses on the period from Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) to the end of the seventeenth century, the chapter ends by considering the impact of Peter I (r. 1682–1725). Change trumped continuity with regard to political culture. Yet, even as they constructed a political rhetoric and elite culture on Western models, Peter and his successors echoed traditional Muscovy in their evocations of Orthodoxy, their patronage and largesse, and their patrimonial claims to power. And they achieved time-honoured Muscovite goals by maintaining stability among factional groups, enriching their elites, expanding the Empire and presiding over dynamic economic growth.

The Impact of Personal Values on Innovativeness of Management

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-164
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Transitional Economy ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of this chapter is to outline methodological and contextual issues in empirical researching of personal values. This chapter addresses methodological and contextual issues, most relevant for researching the association between personal values and innovativeness. In the framework of methodological issues, those related to the utilization of different available theories and corresponding typologies of personal values to examine personal values and issues related with field research of individual's values are at the forefront. In the framework of contextual issues, the interpretation and comparison of results from different value studies, changing relative importance of personal values, and examination of personal values in various cultural contexts and specific circumstances, which may have implications on the results are outlined. The central focus of the chapter is on Slovenia as a representative of Central European Economy, having historically been a transitional economy, which moved from a specific centrally planned system to a free market economy.

scholarly journals Competition and Corporate Governance in Transition

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saul Estrin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Central European ◽  
Institutional Frameworks ◽  
Cis Countries

This paper examines the elements of institutional development critical to the enhancement of company performance in transition economies. This includes initial conditions, forms of privatization, institutional frameworks and the competitiveness of markets. Comparing empirical evidence, the paper concludes that there is a clear distinction in effectiveness of policies followed and their impact between Central Europe and CIS countries. This divergence is attributed to fundamentally different political attitudes toward reform, the need of CIS governments to gain political support for reform and as a consequence of the desire of Central European countries to join European Union.

Civilizational Incompetence: The Trap of Post-Communist Societies

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Sztompka
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Western Culture ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Central European ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Culture ◽  
Real Socialism ◽  
Collapse Of Communism ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRecent history has witnessed two huge surprises: first the collapse of communism, and then the unexpected slow-down of post-communist transition. The author claims that the secret of current tensions and drawbacks experienced by Eastern and Central European societies is to be sought in the area of “intangibles and imponderables”, the deep cultural legacy inherited both from the distant pre-modern past of these societies and the more recent syndrome of “fake modernity” imposed by real socialism. The vicious effect of these complex historical influences is described by the concept of “civilizational incompetence” comprising deficiencies in: (a) entrepreneurial culture, (b) civic or political culture, (c) discourse culture and (d) everyday culture. The agents able to undermine and slowly eliminate civilizational incompetence must be sought among the elites most insulated from the impact of real socialism, and at the same time most exposed to the influence of modern, Western culture.

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