Early economic encounters in the Pacific or, proto-globalization in Tonga

2010 ◽  
Vol 166 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 293-314
Author(s):  
Paul Van der Grijp
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Economy Globalization ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to demonstrate the degree and nature of local autonomy in long term processes of globalization in Tonga. Tonga is exceptional in that it has never been officially colonized and in the continuity of its political (paramount chiefly) system. Also, but this is less exceptional, it has never had a pure modernistic, capitalist economy. Globalization is a specific, contemporary configuration in the relationship between capital and the nation-state or, in the words of William Greider (1997), it is like ‘a runaway horse without a rider’. Global capital is characterized by strategies of predatory mobility. However, the global and the national are not necessarily exclusive but are interacting and overlapping. Social scientists work with the nation-state as a container which would represent a unit in time and space, a ‘unified spatiotemporality’ according to the sociologist Saskia Sassen (2000). She adds that much history failed to confirm the latter hypothesis. The author may add from his part that anthropologists, although alike ‘social scientists’, rather work with the notions of culture and society which, in the case of more recent Tongan history, overlap with that of the nation-state. Although the notion of globalization is a rather recent invention with an exclusive contemporary application, we may discern the roots of its practice already in the early trading contacts between Europeans and Tongans.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Blocking Signatures in Total Ozone and Ozone Miniholes

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 3967-3983 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barriopedro ◽  
Manuel Antón ◽  
José Agustín García
Keyword(s):  
Total Ozone ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Atmospheric Blocking ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Sector ◽  
Ozone Column

Abstract This paper analyzes the statistical relationship between the total ozone column (TOC) and atmospheric blocking using 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data for the 1978–98 period, with special emphasis on winter and the European and eastern Pacific sectors. Regional blocking occurrence is accompanied by a decrease of TOC within the anticyclonic circulation region and a distinctive ozone increase upstream and downstream (upstream and south) in the Pacific (European) sector. Blocking significantly enhances the likelihood of low TOC extremes, especially over the Scandinavian and the Alaska Peninsulas, where more than 50% of winter blocks lead to TOC values in the lowest tail of the distribution. The relationship between ozone miniholes and blocking is confined to the high latitudes of both basins and is strong in Europe, where about half of the ozone miniholes occur simultaneously with blocking. Blocking-related ozone miniholes (blocking ozone miniholes) are also among the most intense and persistent. Although blocking activity does not drive the interannual variability of regional ozone miniholes, blocking ozone miniholes account for up to two-thirds of the total observed trend of ozone miniholes in Europe. The polar vortex is proposed as a feasible candidate for explaining the enhanced coupling of blocking and ozone miniholes in Europe and its long-term modulation. Blocking ozone miniholes are consistent with an almost purely dynamic origin caused by horizontal transport of ozone-poor air and vertical motions working together at different levels to reduce ozone content. Although the contribution of the former is dominant, accounting for two-thirds of ozone reduction in the 330–850-K column, the effect of the latter becomes a distinctive feature of blocking ozone miniholes.

scholarly journals Towards an organisational law of the polycorporate enterprise? A comparative analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-190
Author(s):  
Florian Möslein
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governance Arrangements

One key element in improving economic efficiency is corporate governance which involves a set of relationships between a company’s management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders. If countries are to reap the full benefits of the global capital market, and if they are to attract long-term ‘patient’ capital, corporate governance arrangements must be credible and well understood across borders. One aspect of the relationship between the company’s management and its shareholders is far from being well understood: How is this relationship affected if the single company is transformed into a parent company of a corporate group? In Germany, this topic has attracted the most vivid legal interest for some decades, but it is not even considered in other countries - neither in the context of corporate governance nor in the one of corporate groups. One reason might be that provisions concerning corporate groups are not perceived as a distinct body of law in most of these countries

Lighting up the World? Empires and Islanders in the Pacific Whaling Industry, 1790-1860

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Haines
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Island ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Whaling Industry ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the surge in pelagic whaling in the nineteenth century and how it contributed to globalisation. It examines the contact between European empires and indigenous Pacific island communities and the relationship between the whaling industry and European expansionism. It is divided into four parts: the first reviews whaling historiography; the second examines the origin of the Pacific whaling industry and its international components; the third examines the impact of whaling on Pacific island communities; and the fourth uses case studies exploring the impact from New Zealander and Hawaiian perspectives. It concludes that the whaling industry had a relatively minor long-term impact on globalisation - bar the depletion of whale stock, but an enormous overall impact on the furthering of European expansionism.

Constructivism, identity and neoliberal (in)security

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Varadarajan
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
Global Capital ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
The Relationship

How do we understand the relationship between ‘national security’ and a global capitalist economy? I argue in this article that liberal constructivist scholars have tended to ignore the constitutive effects of the global economy in the process of distancing themselves from ‘materialist ontologies’ and ‘rationalist epistemologies’. I contend that an important aspect of state identities is that they are dynamic and are historically constituted in and through a relationship to global capital. Only by paying close attention to this fluctuating terrain, can one make sense of the security practices of nation-states. In the latter half of the article, I illustrate my argument with an analysis of the Indian nuclear tests of 1998.

scholarly journals Analysis on the perspective and value of the “cultivation” documentary images

Novos Olhares ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Weiting Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Moving Images ◽  
Critical Observation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Relationship

As a multi-sensory expression, moving images have a stronger ability to express beyond time and space. The creator uses the camera to depict history through images and sounds, so that the audience can reflect more on the process of watching. From "The Up series" to other similar long-term videos, they have become important chronicles of the era. This article will focus on the relationship between documentary images and history, and the characteristics of "cultivation" formed by these long-term images. Analyze and interpret its value from a multi-dimensional perspective. The context of the development of the times and the critical observation of the creators have led to the creation of works that reflect on social change. This kind of creation has also become a reference mode for many countries, bringing about a rich and dynamic cultural exchange based on cross-regional cultural differences, which has contributed to the development of the globalization era.

Economic (In)Equality and Democracy: The Political Economy of Poverty in Athens

2018 ◽  
pp. 344-375
Author(s):  
Claire Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Participatory Democracy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Democratic System ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between participatory democracy and poverty in democratic Athens. Drawing on recent debates within Greek history and the social sciences, it examines the relationship between the economic prosperity of Athens and its democratic system, with particular emphasis on the role of direct democracy in the amelioration of poverty. Social scientists have frequently argued that democracy has a greater chance of success in wealthier polities, an idea which appears to have some application to the ancient world: Athens, for example, was undoubtedly affluent, had experienced long-term economic growth, had high wages and robust democratic institutions. However, much of this literature also betrays an anti-democratic/anti-poor rhetoric surprisingly familiar to historians of Athenian democracy (the poor are authoritarian, they lack intelligence, and are only interested in rule for their own redistributive self-interest etc). It also ignores those who are poor, plays down their participation in politics or fails to account for relative (in)equalities. This chapter, therefore, uses the Athenian experience to explore how participatory democracy can be used as a tool for social flourishing to empower, enrich and improve the capabilities and well-being of the poor.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

Risk Attitude and Corporate Investment under Output Market Uncertainty: Evidence from The Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

2016 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Ninh Le Khuong ◽  
Nghiem Le Tan ◽  
Tho Huynh Huu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Market Uncertainty ◽  
Firm Investment ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This paper aims to detect the impact of firm managers’ risk attitude on the relationship between the degree of output market uncertainty and firm investment. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between these two aspects for risk-averse managers while there is a positive relationship for risk-loving ones, since they have different utility functions. Based on the findings, this paper proposes recommendations for firm managers to take into account when making investment decisions and long-term business strategies as well.

Researching (with) Major Food Retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.

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