Three Filmmaking Practices That Guide Our Attention to Popular Cinema

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
James E. Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
English Language ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Popular Cinema ◽  
The Third ◽  
Movie Content ◽  
Fixation Locations ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Popular movies are constructed to control our attention and guide our eye movements across the screen. Estimates of fixation locations were made by manually moving a cursor and clicking over frames at the beginnings and ends of more than 30,000 shots in 24 English-language movies. Results provide evidence for three general filmmaking practices in screen composition. The first and overriding practice is that filmmakers generally put the most import content ‒ usually the center of a character’s face ‒ slightly above the center of the screen. The second concerns two-person conversations, which account for about half of popular movie content. Dialogue shots alternate views of the speakers involved, and filmmakers generally place the conversants slightly to opposite sides of the midline. The third concerns all other shots. For those, filmmakers generally follow important content in one shot by similar content in the next shot on the same side of the vertical midline. The horizontal aspect of the first practice seems to follow from the nature of our field of view and vertical aspect from the relationship of heads to bodies depicted. The second practice derives from social norms and an image composition norm called nose room, and the third from the consideration of continuity and the speed of re-engaging attention.

Teaching oral requests

Pragmatics ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Petraki ◽  
Sarah Bayes
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Cultural Appropriateness ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Communication

Research in English language teaching has highlighted the importance of teaching communication skills in the language classroom. Against the backdrop of extensive research in everyday communication, the goal of this research was to explore whether current discourse analytic research is reflected in the lessons and communication examples of five English language teaching textbooks, by using spoken requests as the subject of investigation. The textbooks were evaluated on five criteria deriving from research on politeness, speech act theory and conversation analysis. These included whether and the extent to which the textbooks discussed the cultural appropriateness of requests, discussed the relationship of requests and other contextual factors, explained pre-sequences and re-requests and provided adequate practice activities. This study found that none of the coursebooks covered all of the criteria and that some coursebooks actually had very inadequate lessons. The results of the textbook analysis demonstrate that teachers using these five coursebooks and designers of future coursebooks must improve their lessons on requests by using pragmatics research and authentic examples as a guide.

Hubungan antara Pemberitaan Pembatasan 17 Lagu Barat oleh KPID Jawa Barat terhadap Minat Pendengar Lagu Barat di Radio

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Nadya Savira Chaerani ◽  
Dedeh Fardiah
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Correlational Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In February 2019 KPID West Java issued a circular containing restrictions on the hours of broadcast of some English-language songs that were vulgar in content, both in the form of songs or video clips. There are 17 English songs contained in circular attachments issued by KPID West of Java. Dozens of songs can only be aired starting at 22:00 WIB until 03.00 WIB. The broadcast limitation starts from public complaints and KPID supervision of the broadcast content. A number of online media rollicking to preach this event, one of which is online media Detik.com which is a news site that is widely accessed by various groups. This study uses a quantitative method with a correlational approach that aims to find out the relationship of truth, relevance, balance and neutrality between the coverage of 17 western songs by KPID West of Java towards the interests of listeners of western songs on Radio as aspects of cognitive, evaluative and the interests of listeners of western songs on the radio The students of Faculty of Communication Sciences Unisba as the dependent variable, this study uses the objectivity theory of Westerstahl. From this study using the stratified random sampling technique, it was concluded that there was a significant and very strong relationship between Factuality, Impartiality and Western Song Listeners' Interests on Radio at the Faculty of Communication Sciences Unisba. Abstrak. Pada bulan Februari 2019 KPID Jawa Barat mengeluarkan surat edaran yang berisi tentang pembatasan jam penyiaran beberapa lagu berbahasa Inggris yang berkonten vulgar, baik dalam bentuk lagu atau pun video klip. Terdapat 17 lagu berbahasa Inggris yang terdapat dalam lampiran surat edaran yang dikeluarkan KPID Jawa Barat. Belasan lagu itu hanya boleh tayang mulai pukul 22.00 WIB hingga 03.00 WIB. Pembatasan penyiaran berawal dari aduan masyarakat dan pengawasan KPID terhadap isi siaran. Sejumlah media online beramai-ramai memberitakan peristiwa ini salah satunya media online Detik.com yang merupakan situs berita yang banyak diakses oleh berbagai kalangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional yang bertujuan mengetahui adanya hubungan kebenaran, relevansi, keberimbangan dan netralitas antara pemberitaan pembatasan 17 lagu barat oleh KPID Jawa Barat terhadap minat pendengar lagu barat di Radio sebagai aspek dalam kognitif, evaluatif dengan minat pendengar lagu barat di radio pada Mahasiswa Fikom Unisba sebagai variabel terikat, penelitian ini menggunakan teori Objektivitas dari Westerstahl. Dari penelitian ini yang menggunakan teknik penarikan sampel stratified random sampling ini ditemukan kesimpulan, bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan sangat kuat antara Faktualitas, Imparsialitas dengan Minat Pendengar Lagu Barat di Radio pada Mahasiswa Fikom Unisba.

scholarly journals Airline Financial Distress and Customer Satisfaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Ribbink ◽  
Christian Hofer ◽  
Martin Dresner
Keyword(s):  
Customer Service ◽  
Airline Industry ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Service Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation is conducted on the effect of financial distress on customer service levels in the U.S. airline industry. Using data from the first quarter of 1998 to the third quarter of 2006, we employ a seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) model to analyze the impact of financial distress on three measures of customer service. We find that higher financial distress is associated with better on-time performance of airlines and fewer lost bags. The relationship of airline financial distress to the number of bumped customers, however, is insignificant.

scholarly journals THE USE OF THE STOKES-STRUIK APPROXIMATION FOR WAVES OF FINITE HEIGHT

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
L. E. Borgman ◽  
J. E. Chappelear
Keyword(s):  
Wave Profile ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Finite Height ◽  
Particle Velocities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Permanent Form ◽  
Very High ◽  
Water Depths

A formal approximate solution is derived for the profile and velocity components of a wave with permanent form of finite height m moderate water depths. The approximation is carried to the third order, sufficiently far to represent all except the very high "design" waves. The relationship of the formulas to others found in the literature is discussed. The wavelengths and the coefficients in the third-order series for the wave profile, and the water particle velocities and local accelerations are tabulated for approximately 2000 waves. The depths, heights, and periods for the listed wave conditions vary respectively from 10 to 500 feet, 5 to 40 feet, and 4 to 20 seconds. The range of applicability of the theory is discussed and approximate limits estimated. As an aid in calculations, tables of the trigonometric and hyperbolic sines and cosines for integral multiples of the argument are included.

scholarly journals LEGAL AXIOMS: APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Inna Zelenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Common Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article reflects the diversity of views on the concept of "legal axiom". It is clarified that there are lawyers who deny the existence of the concept of "axiom" in law. It is presented that some scholars identify legal axioms with legal customs in terms of content, formulation and existence, as well as methods of provision. It is revealed that legal axioms have common features and differences with legal presumptions. It is emphasized that the legal presumption and legal axiom are understood as true without evidence. It is considered that the difference between a legal presumption and a legal axiom lies in the difference of circumstances: they allow to consider them plausible; possibilities (impossibilities) of refutation; significance, content and form It is demonstrated that there are several approaches to the relationship of legal axioms with the principles of law. It has been found that the first group of scholars identify the principles of law and axioms. Attention is drawn to the fact that the second group of scholars notes that axioms are prerequisites for the principles of law. It is presented that the representatives of the third group distinguish between the concepts of principles of law and legal axioms. It has been shown that the complex interrelationships of principles and axioms are reflected in their dialectical unity, their ability to pass from one to another, and the disclosure of one phenomenon through another. It is noted that axioms are subject to change, so axioms and presumptions are closely interrelated and under certain conditions can replace each other. The definition of legal axioms has been further considered. Legal axioms are a multifaceted complex phenomenon of legal reality related to law, legal awareness and legal science. regularities, properties of special legal principles of law and serve to simplify legal regulation.

scholarly journals Dziewice konsekrowane w relacji do Kościoła partykularnego

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021(42) (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Jerzy Adamczyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

One of the essential characteristics of the order of virgins is the strong spiritual and canonical bond with the Particular Church and the bishop. The aim of the article is to present the issue of consecrated virgins in relation to the Particular Church in the canon and liturgical aspect. Its first part presents the place of the order of consecrated virgins in the Particular Church. The second part outlines the relationship of the diocesan bishop with consecrated virgins, while the third part is devoted to the service of consecrated virgins for the Diocese. The article ends with a summary and bibliography.

Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
City State ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

This prologue provides an overview of the history of early and medieval West Africa. During this period, the rise of Islam, the relationship of women to political power, the growth and influence of the domestically enslaved, and the invention and evolution of empire were all unfolding. In contrast to notions of an early Africa timeless and unchanging in its social and cultural categories and conventions, here was a western Savannah and Sahel that from the third/ninth through the tenth/sixteenth centuries witnessed political innovation as well as the evolution of such mutually constitutive categories as race, slavery, ethnicity, caste, and gendered notions of power. By the period's end, these categories assume significations not unlike their more contemporary connotations. All of these transformations were engaged with the apparatus of the state and its progression from the city-state to the empire. The transition consistently featured minimalist notions of governance replicated by successive dynasties, providing a continuity of structure as a mechanism of legitimization. Replication had its limits, however, and would ultimately prove inadequate in addressing unforeseen challenges.

The Existence of an Anomaly in the City Indices in Borsa Istanbul

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-27
Author(s):  
Hakan Altin
Keyword(s):  
Abnormal Return ◽  
Market Returns ◽  
The Third ◽  
Market Beta ◽  
Beta Coefficient ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The aim of the study is to reveal the existence of an abnormal return in the city indices in Borsa Istanbul. Three important calculations were made for the detection of an abnormal return. The first was the calculation of adjusted returns. The second was the calculation of beta coefficients for city indices. The third was the determination of the relationship of each city index to the market. According to the findings obtained, there was an abnormal return in the city indices. In other words, each of the city indices made a profit on market returns. However, these returns were almost equal to market returns. When the beta coefficients were analyzed, it was seen that the coefficients were equal to the theoretically-expressed average market beta coefficient. Thus, the city indices and the market are moving in the same direction, and the results are statistically significant.

Concluding Remarks to Part 3

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Sphere ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 15 summarizes the chapters which addressed the third sphere, the relationship of labor to the political community. It reiterates that since Israel was established, the labor market’s borders have become ever more porous, while the borders of the national (Jewish) political community have remained firm: the Jewish nationalism which guides government policy is as strong as ever. NGOs, drawing on a discourse of human rights, are able to assist some non-citizens but this discourse also resonates with the idea of individual responsibility: the State is no longer willing to support “non-productive” populations, who are now being shoehorned into a labor market which offers few opportunities for meaningful employment, and is saturated by cheaper labor intentionally imported by the State in response to powerful employer lobbies. These trends suggest a partial reorientation of organized labor’s “battlefront”, from a face-off with capital to an appeal to the public and state.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF CLEAN FLEECE WEIGHT TO AGE IN THREE BREEDS OF RANGE SHEEP

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Slen ◽  
E. C. Banky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A total of 1,457 clean fleece weights, representing 7 years of production and adjusted for certain environmental factors, were used in this study. The data were analysed to determine the relationship of clean fleece weight to age in the Rambouillet, Romnelet, and Canadian Corriedale breeds of range sheep maintained under Western Canadian conditions.In general, maximum fleece weight was attained by the second year of production and was maintained until the end of the fourth year in all breeds. At that time a significant (p <.01) decline occurred which continued until the end of the seventh year. Among the Rambouillet and Romnelet ewes which were born and raised as singles, a small additional increase in average fleece weight occurred in the third year. Ewes born and raised as singles tended to produce more wool than twins but the differences were significant (p <.01) only in the Romnelet shearlings. The data suggest that in twins maximum production occurred at a slightly earlier age and that the subsequent decline began sooner than in singles.

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