scholarly journals TREE RING ANALYSIS OF BRACHYSTEGIA SPICIFORMIS AND ISOBERLINIA TOMENTOSA: EVALUATION OF THE ENSO-SIGNAL IN THE MIOMBO WOODLAND OF EASTERN AFRICA

IAWA Journal ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie Trouet ◽  
Kristof Haneca ◽  
Pol Coppin ◽  
Hans Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Miombo Woodland ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Cross Dating ◽  
Brachystegia Spiciformis

The value of growth rings as proxy data for climate reconstruction was studied in two miombo woodland species in eastern Africa. Growth rings, marked by terminal parenchyma, were visually detectable on carefully prepared stem discs of Isoberlinia tomentosa and Brachystegia spiciformis, dominant species of the miombo woodland in north-western Tanzania. However, the presence of multiple growth ring anomalies rendered cross-dating of the growth ring series between trees difficult. Cross-dating succeeded for eight out of thirteen samples for Isoberlinia tomentosa, but was unsuccessful for Brachystegia spiciformis. A mean series of 38 years was calculated for Isoberlinia tomentosa only. Monthly precipitation, monthly maximum air temperature and monthly SOI-value (Southern Oscillation Index) correlated significantly with tree ring widths of the mean series. These correlations are strong indicators of the annual character of the growth rings. They also suggest that Isoberlinia tomentosa provides an appropriate paleoclimatic record for dendroclimatic reconstruction.

Wood anatomy and growth ring boundaries of Copaifera lucens (Fabaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Fontana ◽  
Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis ◽  
Luiz Santini-Junior ◽  
Paulo César Botosso ◽  
Cristina Nabais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Mature Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
False Rings ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Secretory Canals ◽  
Ring Analysis

ABSTRACTThe wood anatomy of Copaifera lucens Dwyer was studied with an emphasis on its growth ring boundaries. Growth rings are visible to the naked eye and demarcated by marginal parenchyma bands and, sometimes, by thick-walled fibers in the latewood. Secretory canals are associated with marginal parenchyma bands, but not all marginal parenchyma bands are associated with canals. Paratracheal parenchyma is vasicentric to lozenge-aliform. Rays are 1–4-seriate, heterocellular and non-storied. Vessels are visible to the naked eye, diffuse, predominantly solitary, some in multiples, sometimes filled with gums. Crystals present. Wood anatomical characteristics of C. lucens are in agreement with those previously reported for other species of Copaifera. In addition to what had already been described for C. lucens, we observed gelatinous fibers, and some bifurcate fibers, and extremely rare clustered vessels. The growth ring boundaries are well-defined in mature wood but less distinctive near the pith. There are also partial and confluent (wedging) rings, which are difficult to classify by anatomy only, but which represent false rings and complicate tree-ring analysis in this species.

scholarly journals Jahrringe als Indikatoren für extreme Standortsbedingungen im Gebirge: Schnee, Lawinen und Permafrost | Growth rings as indicators of extreme site conditions in the mountains: snow, avalanches and permafrost

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Alejandro Casteller ◽  
Andrea Corinna Mayer ◽  
Veronika Stöckli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Snow Avalanches ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Ring Analysis

Snow, avalanches, and permafrost are extreme site conditions for plants. Reactions and adaptations to such extreme conditions can be reconstructed with growth ring analysis and linked with corresponding climate and disturbance data. On the basis of five case studies in and around the long-term research site Stillberg, near Davos, we discuss both the potential and the limits of dendroecology to understand the effect of such extreme site conditions. Despite some uncertainties in reliably assigning plant reactions, growth ring analysis is a valuable addition to better understand the effects of extreme site conditions on the survival and growth of plants. This can lead to improved management strategies associated with natural hazards, especially in the case of avalanches.

Analyse dendrochronologique d'un glissement de terrain de la région du Lac à l'Eau Claire (Québec nordique)

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bégin ◽  
Louise Filion
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reaction Wood ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Glissement De Terrain ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Slow Progression ◽  
Ring Analysis

A landslide in Clearwater Lake has been dated to spring of 1933 from tree-ring analysis (reaction wood, growth suppression, and corrosion scars). From the 52 sampled trees, seven peak periods of movement were registered within the site before landslide occurrence: 1785, 1815, 1827, 1829, 1852–1853, 1871–1872, 1897, and 1926. After a slow progression lasting 200 years, the slope movements accelerated in 1926, as indicated by suppressed growth rings. It is proposed here that the landslide was the outcome of a long-term slope development partly controlled by climate (precipitation). Postdisturbance forest regeneration (between 1950 and 1976) on the newly exposed substrate is also related to climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Growth-Ring Analysis of Diploknema butyracea Is a Potential Tool for Revealing Indigenous Land Use History in the Lower Himalayan Foothills of Nepal

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Md. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Teeka Ram Bhattarai ◽  
Maaike De Ridder ◽  
Hans Beeckman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Land Use History ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Himalayan Foothills ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Land

Slash-and-burn is a farming practice of the indigenous communities in the Himalayan foothills of Nepal. The traditional land-tenure system is based on a customary oral tradition. However, the government’s persistent denial of land rights has fueled the indigenous conflicts in the last few decades. Deliverance of scientific evidence-based arguments may underpin the ongoing conflict-resolution dialogues between the authorities and the indigenous communities. Dating growth rings of trees in a slash-and-burn system might help the indigenous people to find evidence of their historic land uses in the mountainous landscape. In this pilot study, we examined the potential of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H. J. Lam growth rings for documenting land use history of Nepalese indigenous farming practices, as this species is being preserved during the slash-and-burn practices. The species is an economically important and ecologically interesting (as it flushes leaves when everything is dry, and sheds leaves while everything is green) deciduous tree species belonging to Sapotaceae family and widely distributed in Sub-Himalayan tracts. Five stem discs were studied which were originated from the Kandrang valley of the Chitwan district, Nepal. For the first time, we revealed distinct growth rings in this species which are marked by fibers with thicker cell walls. Growth-ring anomalies, i.e., wedging and partially missing rings, were also found. Four out of five samples could be crossdated at a marginal level (GLK ≥ 60 and t ≥ 2.0) which is a confirmation of the annual nature of growth rings. One of the samples showed black spots of oxidized wood which are traces of fire, suggesting evidence of slash-and-burn practices in the study area since 1933. This study suggests a strong potential of D. butyracea for growth-ring analysis to reconstruct indigenous land use history in Nepal.

Useful Strategies for the Development of Tropical Tree-Ring Chronologies

IAWA Journal ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Stahle
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Cross Dating

This paper outlines efficient strategies for the development of long, climatically sensitive tree-ring chronologies in the tropics. Effective strategies include sampling useful temperate or subtropical species that extend naturally into the tropics; sampling species in botanical families that have already provided examples useful for dendrochronology (e. g., Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Verbenaceae); targeting deciduous species in seasonally dry forests; and sampling species described in the literature or found in xylaria that have promising anatomical features such as ring porosity and marginal parenchyma. Dendrochronology can also be used to test the annual nature of growth banding in tropical species. The cross-dating oflong ring-width time series between individual trees and between multiple sites in a region is strong evidence that the growth rings are indeed synchronized with the annual calendar. This can be confirmed if the ring-width data are also strongly correlated with long annual or seasonalized records of climate variability. Blind cross-dating tests to identify the cutting dates of known-age timbers can provide a final proof that a species produces reliable annual growth rings.

scholarly journals GROWTH-RING DISTINCTNESS AND BOUNDARY ANATOMY VARIABILITY IN TROPICAL TREES

IAWA Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-S7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yegor Tarelkin ◽  
Claire Delvaux ◽  
Maaike De Ridder ◽  
Thomas El Berkani ◽  
Charles De Cannière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Tropical Trees ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Variable Feature ◽  
Leaf Shedding

The phenomenon of distinct, absent or indistinct growth rings is a highly variable feature used for wood identification and a wide range of tree-ring studies. Causes for its variability are not yet fully understood. There is also a lack of consensus within the scientific community about how distinct and indistinct tree rings should be defined and classified. We use a selection of 103 Central African rainforest trees to analyse the anatomy of growth-ring boundaries of 103 Central African rainforest species and assessed the influence of the climate, tree organ and leaf shedding behaviour on growth-ring distinctness and anatomy. We observed a high variability of tree-ring boundaries anatomy and distinctness within and among individuals and species. Although, for some semi-deciduous species, higher incidence of distinct growth rings appears to be related with a more pronounced seasonal climate, no general trends are observed for the assembly of studied species. Growth rings are variable within individuals depending on the considered organ: trunks tend to show more distinct rings than branches. Growth-ring distinctness is difficult to implement as a trait to measure tree performance when only based on abrupt changes in fibre size and cell wall thickness. From the potential growth-ring markers identified in the IAWA list of hardwood features, those applying to vessel and parenchyma density and distended rays appear to be more useful in tropical trees than abruptly flattened latewood fibres or abrupt changes in vessel diameter.

An analysis of an outbreak of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera, Siricidae), in Pinus radiata

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Madden
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Sirex Noctilio ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Plantation Management ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Ring Analysis

AbstractThe development of an outbreak of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., in a 30-year-old population of Pinus radiata in Tasmania was traced by growth ring analysis of killed trees. The outbreak probably developed from small foci; it reached its peak when the trees were 18–19 years old and then declined rapidly. Attack per tree was directly related to the density of emergents from trees killed in the previous season and the intensity of oviposition drilling was modified by the rainfall during the emergence season; the frequency of treble oviposition drills was directly related to summer rainfall. Survival of insects within trees declined with the years; this was related to the greater vigour and resistance of the surviving trees, but was apparently modified by spring rainfall. Resinosis and polyphenols associated with growth rings in stems living in 1964 indicated an increase in the proportion of trees resisting attack during the outbreak. The growth patterns of attacked and unattacked trees, and the obvious susceptibility of the weaker understorey trees, are discussed and due attention to site quality and plantation management are recommended to reduce Sirex attack in future.

scholarly journals Growth ring analysis of fossil coniferous woods from early cretaceous of Araripe Basin (Brazil)

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etiene F. Pires ◽  
Margot Guerra-Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Present Climate ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Equatorial Belt ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Woods

Growth ring analysis on silicified coniferous woods from the Missão Velha Formation (Araripe Basin - Brazil) has yielded important information about periodicity of wood production during the Early Cretaceous in the equatorial belt. Despite warm temperatures, dendrological data indicate that the climate was characterized by cyclical alternation of dry and rainy periods influenced by cyclical precipitations, typical of tropical wet and dry or savanna climate. The abundance of false growth rings can be attributed to both occasional droughts and arthropod damage. The present climate data agree with palaeoclimatic models that inferred summer-wet biomes for the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous boundary in the southern equatorial belt.

Dendroclimatic investigations and cross-dating in the 1700s: the tree-ring investigations of Johan Leche (1704–1764) in southwestern Finland

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stefan Norrgård ◽  
Samuli Helama
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Royal Academy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Unpublished Manuscript ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Cross Dating

Cross-dating is considered one of the most important principles of dendrochronology. The first known cross-dating attempts, conducted between the years 1737 and 1783 by independent researchers in France, Germany, and Sweden, were related to the identification of growth rings believed to have formed during the harsh winter of 1708–1709. In this paper, we present a novel perspective on the birth of dendrochronology and cross-dating in the 1700s. We focus on the ideas and experimental studies of one of the lesser known pioneers, Johan Leche (1704–1764), the Professor of Medicine at the Royal Academy (Turku, Finland). Instead of winter harshness, Leche was fascinated by the drought that killed and damaged several trees and tree species in the summer of 1757. Leche conducted several dendrochronological and field experiments described only in his unpublished manuscript filed in the National Archives in Sweden. Reviewing Leche’s measurements of ring-width series of multiple radii and his comparisons between the radii, it seems only fair to include him in the long list of natural historians who made important contributions to the field of dendrochronology. His manuscript was never published, which is why Leche’s dendrochronological experiments and recommendations never reached a wider audience.

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