An analysis of an outbreak of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera, Siricidae), in Pinus radiata

AbstractThe development of an outbreak of the woodwasp, Sirex noctilio F., in a 30-year-old population of Pinus radiata in Tasmania was traced by growth ring analysis of killed trees. The outbreak probably developed from small foci; it reached its peak when the trees were 18–19 years old and then declined rapidly. Attack per tree was directly related to the density of emergents from trees killed in the previous season and the intensity of oviposition drilling was modified by the rainfall during the emergence season; the frequency of treble oviposition drills was directly related to summer rainfall. Survival of insects within trees declined with the years; this was related to the greater vigour and resistance of the surviving trees, but was apparently modified by spring rainfall. Resinosis and polyphenols associated with growth rings in stems living in 1964 indicated an increase in the proportion of trees resisting attack during the outbreak. The growth patterns of attacked and unattacked trees, and the obvious susceptibility of the weaker understorey trees, are discussed and due attention to site quality and plantation management are recommended to reduce Sirex attack in future.

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Jahrringe als Indikatoren für extreme Standortsbedingungen im Gebirge: Schnee, Lawinen und Permafrost | Growth rings as indicators of extreme site conditions in the mountains: snow, avalanches and permafrost

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2004.0208 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 155 (6) ◽

pp. 208-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Peter Bebi ◽

Alejandro Casteller ◽

Andrea Corinna Mayer ◽

Veronika Stöckli

Keyword(s):

Natural Hazards ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Extreme Conditions ◽

Site Conditions ◽

Snow Avalanches ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Survival And Growth ◽

Ring Analysis

Snow, avalanches, and permafrost are extreme site conditions for plants. Reactions and adaptations to such extreme conditions can be reconstructed with growth ring analysis and linked with corresponding climate and disturbance data. On the basis of five case studies in and around the long-term research site Stillberg, near Davos, we discuss both the potential and the limits of dendroecology to understand the effect of such extreme site conditions. Despite some uncertainties in reliably assigning plant reactions, growth ring analysis is a valuable addition to better understand the effects of extreme site conditions on the survival and growth of plants. This can lead to improved management strategies associated with natural hazards, especially in the case of avalanches.

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Growth-Ring Analysis of Diploknema butyracea Is a Potential Tool for Revealing Indigenous Land Use History in the Lower Himalayan Foothills of Nepal

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11020242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 242

Author(s):

Md. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury ◽

Teeka Ram Bhattarai ◽

Maaike De Ridder ◽

Hans Beeckman

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Oral Tradition ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Land Use History ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Slash And Burn ◽

Himalayan Foothills ◽

Ring Analysis ◽

Indigenous Land

Slash-and-burn is a farming practice of the indigenous communities in the Himalayan foothills of Nepal. The traditional land-tenure system is based on a customary oral tradition. However, the government’s persistent denial of land rights has fueled the indigenous conflicts in the last few decades. Deliverance of scientific evidence-based arguments may underpin the ongoing conflict-resolution dialogues between the authorities and the indigenous communities. Dating growth rings of trees in a slash-and-burn system might help the indigenous people to find evidence of their historic land uses in the mountainous landscape. In this pilot study, we examined the potential of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H. J. Lam growth rings for documenting land use history of Nepalese indigenous farming practices, as this species is being preserved during the slash-and-burn practices. The species is an economically important and ecologically interesting (as it flushes leaves when everything is dry, and sheds leaves while everything is green) deciduous tree species belonging to Sapotaceae family and widely distributed in Sub-Himalayan tracts. Five stem discs were studied which were originated from the Kandrang valley of the Chitwan district, Nepal. For the first time, we revealed distinct growth rings in this species which are marked by fibers with thicker cell walls. Growth-ring anomalies, i.e., wedging and partially missing rings, were also found. Four out of five samples could be crossdated at a marginal level (GLK ≥ 60 and t ≥ 2.0) which is a confirmation of the annual nature of growth rings. One of the samples showed black spots of oxidized wood which are traces of fire, suggesting evidence of slash-and-burn practices in the study area since 1933. This study suggests a strong potential of D. butyracea for growth-ring analysis to reconstruct indigenous land use history in Nepal.

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TREE RING ANALYSIS OF BRACHYSTEGIA SPICIFORMIS AND ISOBERLINIA TOMENTOSA: EVALUATION OF THE ENSO-SIGNAL IN THE MIOMBO WOODLAND OF EASTERN AFRICA

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000384 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 385-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Valérie Trouet ◽

Kristof Haneca ◽

Pol Coppin ◽

Hans Beeckman

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Eastern Africa ◽

Monthly Precipitation ◽

Miombo Woodland ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Ring Analysis ◽

Cross Dating ◽

Brachystegia Spiciformis

The value of growth rings as proxy data for climate reconstruction was studied in two miombo woodland species in eastern Africa. Growth rings, marked by terminal parenchyma, were visually detectable on carefully prepared stem discs of Isoberlinia tomentosa and Brachystegia spiciformis, dominant species of the miombo woodland in north-western Tanzania. However, the presence of multiple growth ring anomalies rendered cross-dating of the growth ring series between trees difficult. Cross-dating succeeded for eight out of thirteen samples for Isoberlinia tomentosa, but was unsuccessful for Brachystegia spiciformis. A mean series of 38 years was calculated for Isoberlinia tomentosa only. Monthly precipitation, monthly maximum air temperature and monthly SOI-value (Southern Oscillation Index) correlated significantly with tree ring widths of the mean series. These correlations are strong indicators of the annual character of the growth rings. They also suggest that Isoberlinia tomentosa provides an appropriate paleoclimatic record for dendroclimatic reconstruction.

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Wood anatomy and growth ring boundaries of Copaifera lucens (Fabaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-20170209 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 395-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cláudia Fontana ◽

Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis ◽

Luiz Santini-Junior ◽

Paulo César Botosso ◽

Cristina Nabais ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Ring ◽

Wood Anatomy ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Growth Rings ◽

False Rings ◽

Naked Eye ◽

Gelatinous Fibers ◽

Secretory Canals ◽

Ring Analysis

ABSTRACTThe wood anatomy of Copaifera lucens Dwyer was studied with an emphasis on its growth ring boundaries. Growth rings are visible to the naked eye and demarcated by marginal parenchyma bands and, sometimes, by thick-walled fibers in the latewood. Secretory canals are associated with marginal parenchyma bands, but not all marginal parenchyma bands are associated with canals. Paratracheal parenchyma is vasicentric to lozenge-aliform. Rays are 1–4-seriate, heterocellular and non-storied. Vessels are visible to the naked eye, diffuse, predominantly solitary, some in multiples, sometimes filled with gums. Crystals present. Wood anatomical characteristics of C. lucens are in agreement with those previously reported for other species of Copaifera. In addition to what had already been described for C. lucens, we observed gelatinous fibers, and some bifurcate fibers, and extremely rare clustered vessels. The growth ring boundaries are well-defined in mature wood but less distinctive near the pith. There are also partial and confluent (wedging) rings, which are difficult to classify by anatomy only, but which represent false rings and complicate tree-ring analysis in this species.

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Age and growth of the queen scallop, Equichlamys bifrons, in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel and Huon River Estuary, Tasmania

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9951127 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

BM Wolf ◽

RWG White

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Shell Growth ◽

River Estuary ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Size Frequency Distribution ◽

Size Frequency ◽

Deep Bay

Growth of the queen scallop, Equichlamys bifrons, was examined at one site in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel and two sites in the Huon River estuary (Tasmania) by analysing growth rings on the shell and shell hinge ligament, tagging scallops, and using size-frequency techniques. Regular sampling of scallops revealed that shell growth of E. bifrons is seasonal, commencing in late spring and stopping in late autumn. During the remainder of the year, when the water temperature is below ~13�C, shell growth slows or stops and growth rings are formed on the shell and shell hinge ligament. The growth rings on the shell and hinge ligament of E. bifrons were verified as being annual by studying the growth of marked scallops. Long-term growth patterns were similar for E. bifrons from Middleton (D'Entrecasteaux Channel) and from Deep Bay (Huon River estuary). Tagging data collected over the 1992-93 growing season indicated short-term variation in growth between sites. Size-frequency distributions from Middleton and Deep Bay could not be interpreted because smaller scallops were scarce. Smaller size classes were present at Eggs and Bacon Bay (Huon River estuary) and the size-frequency distribution was resolved into age classes. Reasonable agreement was found between the von Bertalanffy growth parameters obtained from the size frequency, tagging, and growth ring data.

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MICROFIBRIL ANGLES IN THE ROOT WOOD OF PINUS RADIATA AND PINUS NIGRA

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000268 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 57-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Junji Matsumura ◽

Brian G. Butterfield

Keyword(s):

Pinus Radiata ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Pinus Nigra ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Stem Wood ◽

The Third ◽

Tracheid Length ◽

Angle Change ◽

Wood Tracheid

Microfibril angles of the S2 layer and tracheid lengths were measured in the root wood of Pinus nigra, and the root and stem wood of Pinus radiata. Within 10 mm (the first 2–3 growth rings) from the root centre, microfibril angles were large in the wood of both species, ranging from 25° to 40°. Beyond 10 mm (the fourth growth ring and beyond) from the root centre, microfibril angles were small. This pattern of microfibril angle change in root wood differs from those normally found in stems where angles are large until the 10–15th rings. Root wood tracheid length also showed a different pattern in radial direction from that normally observed in stem wood. Tracheids of Pinus radiata root wood were long in the first ring, decreasing to the third ring and then increased to the seventh ring. Beyond the seventh ring tracheid length was stable at around 3 to 3.5 mm. It was noted that microfibril angles were not influenced by tracheid length in root wood.

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Growth ring analysis of fossil coniferous woods from early cretaceous of Araripe Basin (Brazil)

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652011005000005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 409-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Etiene F. Pires ◽

Margot Guerra-Sommer

Keyword(s):

Early Cretaceous ◽

Late Jurassic ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Present Climate ◽

Climate Data ◽

Wood Production ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Equatorial Belt ◽

Ring Analysis ◽

Coniferous Woods

Growth ring analysis on silicified coniferous woods from the Missão Velha Formation (Araripe Basin - Brazil) has yielded important information about periodicity of wood production during the Early Cretaceous in the equatorial belt. Despite warm temperatures, dendrological data indicate that the climate was characterized by cyclical alternation of dry and rainy periods influenced by cyclical precipitations, typical of tropical wet and dry or savanna climate. The abundance of false growth rings can be attributed to both occasional droughts and arthropod damage. The present climate data agree with palaeoclimatic models that inferred summer-wet biomes for the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous boundary in the southern equatorial belt.

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Cyclophytic effects on wood structure in Pinus radiata D. Don. I. Densitometry and grain angle

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x88-060 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 406-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard S. Dodd ◽

Nancy K. Walker

Keyword(s):

Pinus Radiata ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Wood Formation ◽

Density Variation ◽

Wood Structure ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Tree Form ◽

Ring Density ◽

Latewood Density

Wood structural characteristics were compared in 11-year-old Pinusradiata trees from hedge- and tree-form donors (H and T) to examine the effects of apical ageing (cyclophysis) on wood formation. Although the differences were small, T plants tended to produce wood with narrower growth rings and lower density in the first two rings. T plants showed a greater contrast between density at the end of one growth ring and the beginning of the next. The lower mean growth ring density in T plants was mainly due to a lower earlywood density with little difference in latewood density or latewood percentage. Although differences in density from early- to late-wood were greater in T plants, there was no difference between H and T plants in within-ring density variation. This was due to greater fluctuations in density across growth rings of H plants, perhaps because these plants were less buffered against the environment. Differences in wood structure between H and T plants were not the same for all clones, as shown by significant interactions in the analyses of variance. These different responses may have resulted from differences in the effectiveness of hedging in slowing apical maturation, or from differences in rates of maturation.

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Growth dynamics of Anadenanthera colubrina var. ,i>cebil and Tabebuia impetiginosa from Pantanal Mato-grossense, Brazil.

Ciência Florestal ◽

10.5902/19805098426 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 427 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Patrícia Póvoa de Mattos ◽

Rudi Arno Seitz

Keyword(s):

Growth Ring ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Solid Wood ◽

Management Program ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Soil Factors ◽

Growth Rings ◽

Diameter Increment ◽

Annual Growth Rings ◽

Ring Analysis

There is a great demand for wood within tropical natural forests and a scarcity of available data to carry out a management program. It is of great importance, therefore, that growth ring information is being enhanced. The Pantanal of Nhecolândia, sub-region of Pantanal Mato-grossense, may be viewed as one of these regions. Its natural forests are systematically cut to be used as solid wood or fuel, or replaced by cultivated pastures. Peculiar climatic and soil factors of Nhecolandia induce the formation of annual growth rings. This work aims at determining the radial increments of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and Tabebuia impetiginosa by growth ring analysis. Disks from eight trees of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and six of Tabebuia impetiginosa were collected, in July 1996, in Nhumirim Farm, Embrapa Pantanal, located in Nhecolandia sub-region. The trees of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and Tabebuia impetiginosa were 14 to 30 and 15 to 30 years old, respectively. Diameter increment varied from 5.4 to 8.0 mm/year for Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil and from 4.8 to 11.6 mm/year for Tabebuia impetiginosa. The average estimated time for both species to reach a diameter of 40 cm was 55 years.

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Growth ring analysis of Euxylophora paraensis through x-ray microdensitometry

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20150895 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eva Santos de Andrade ◽

Silvana dos Santos Carvalho Garcia ◽

Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira Albernaz ◽

Mario Tomazello Fillho ◽

Victor Hugo Pereira Moutinho

Keyword(s):

Classical Method ◽

Growth Ring ◽

Density Variation ◽

Growth Rings ◽

X Ray ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Species Population ◽

Intense Exploitation ◽

Ring Analysis ◽

Old Trees

ABSTRACT: Euxylophora paraensis Huber - Rutaceae, popularly known as yellow heart, is a species with a low-density population that has suffered intense exploitation in recent decades. This has led to its inclusion in the IBAMA list of endangered species. This study aimed to evaluate the existence of growth rings and their annuity in five trees of Euxylophora paraensis through the x-ray microdensitometry technique, as well as to compare them using the classical method. Application feasibility of this technique can be deepened through future, broader dendroecological studies, which may better elucidate the understanding of the species population dynamics and promote more sustainable uses. Wood disks were collected from the base of five 29-year-old trees from a planting site in the Curua-Una Experimental Station, located in Prainha, Pará State, Brazil. Samples were polished and sanded for the x-ray microdensitometric analysis. Values of minimum, average, and maximum density (0.581, 0.84, and 1.077gcm-3, respectively) were obtained. There was a significant difference in density between the studied trees. Growth rings boundaries, through densitometric pith-bark profile are demarcated by fibrous zones, with density variation between the early wood and late wood. This study concludes that the growth rings of the studied species are distinct and annual, validating the technique used.

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