Three Eighteenth-Century Waqf Documents from the Ottoman Courts of Aleppo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Marco Salati
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Limited Scope ◽  
Family Groups

Abstract This article is a study of three 18th-century documents from the archives of the Ottoman qāḍī-courts of Aleppo. Although the nature of the cases they relate differ, they all deal with various aspects of the waqf institution: istibdal – i.e. the exchange of ruined or unprofitable waqf property for a more productive one – the creation of a new waqf, and, finally, a dispute over the right to benefit from waqf property. Juridical considerations aside, the interest of these cases lies primarily in the fact that the individuals mentioned and involved in the three documents belong to a restricted circle of notable family groups which are at various degrees linked to one another through marriage relations. Even in their limited scope, these documents provide valuable information on some of the notable families of the city and their social networks.

The Marais

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Reader
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Andre Malraux ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
The Middle Ages

This book explores the history and the vicissitudes of one of Paris’s most extraordinary areas, the Marais. Centrally located on the Right Bank, this neighbourhood was from the Middle Ages through to the eighteenth century the most fashionable in the city, headquarters of the nobility who endowed it with resplendent architecture. The Court’s move to Versailles and the Revolution of 1789 led to the quartier’s decline, so that in the nineteenth century and the earlier part of the twentieth it was in parlous shape, its fine buildings run down and often severely overcrowded. It escaped wholesale destruction in the post-War frenzy of modernization largely thanks to André Malraux, who as Culture Minister fostered the restoration of the area. Malraux’s efforts were, however, not immune from criticism, sometimes seen as a form of socio-economic cleansing with concomitant fossilization, and thus emblematic of the problems faced by a city which has always been torn between the preservation of its past and the need to adapt to social and historical change. The book focuses particularly on literary, cinematic and other artistic reproductions of the quartier, of which it attempts to provide a comprehensive overview, and foregrounds particularly its importance as home to and base of two highly significant minorities – the Jewish and the gay communities.

Building an Eco-Innovation Cluster

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul De Gouvea ◽  
Sul Kassicieh
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Innovation Cluster ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Innovation Economy ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

This paper discusses the creation of an innovation water cluster in the Brazilian Amazon region, capitalizing in the region’s unique global competitive advantage in the development of a water innovation economy. The existence of academic institutions, research agencies, a manufacturing park, and unique natural resources offer the right environment for the creation of this water eco-innovation cluster in the city of Manaus. The development of an innovation economy in the city of Manaus in the Amazon will promote a new cycle of economic development in the region, and induce a new cycle of attraction of environmental technology companies to the Amazon region of Brazil. In addition, it will also address social objectives of the Amazon region, increasing social-economic welfare and promoting eco-competitiveness as a cornerstone of the nation’s economy. This paper outlines a link between cluster theory and a water diamond model with sustainability as its major goal.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN THE CREATION OF THE TOURISTS` ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753-1759
Author(s):  
Marija Kostić ◽  
Nataša Đorđević
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Codes Of Ethics ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Awareness ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right

More and more clear consequences that arise in the environment due to irrational use of natural resources have made sustainable development today important. In tourism, sustainable development is also imposed as a priority and necessity, but in practice it often encounters obstacles to its implementation. The problems that arise in applying the principles of sustainable development in tourism can be a result of the conflicting interests of the key stakeholders. To avoid this, there is a need to establish an adequate system of communication between all stakeholders. An important group of stakeholders in the sustainable development of tourism are tourists who, due to their stay in a tourist destination, can achieve positive and negative environmental impacts. In order to suppress their negative environmental implications, there should be a way to influence the creation or the increase of their ecological awareness. The heterogeneity of tourist demand, i.e. different wishes, habits, attitudes, opinions, needs and beliefs of tourists makes this task difficult. Creating ethical codes and establishing codes of conduct for tourists while staying in a tourist destination can significantly contribute to sustainable development, however, it is necessary to find an adequate medium through which the message on the importance and necessity of environmental protection will be transferred in the right way and at the right time to tourists. The aim of the paper is to show the role that social networks can have in creating the ecological awareness of tourists. By developing modern technologies, social networks have become the medium through which a person most often communicates with the others, where one records information about him/herself and where one can get information about others. In tourism social networks play an important role in creating marketing strategies, because they represent an instrument that allows the destination to interact with tourists and to find out and observe their opinions, attitudes and evaluations of services in tourism. Through social networks, tourists find inspiration for new travel, share tips and experiences with other users, share travel photos, and they can be informed about the tourist destination offer. Researches show that there is an increasing number of social network users and that they spend a significant part of the day using them. By analyzing the role that social networks have in tourism marketing, it can be concluded that they are a medium by which messages that can influence the increase of the tourists` ecological awareness can be created and by which the messages about the codes of ethics and rules of tourists behavior can be transmitted even before the tourists travel to the destination. The specificity of social networks can make this message more durable and created in a way that is consistent with the heterogeneous characteristics of the tourism market. Nevertheless, in using social networks for creating tourists` ecological awareness, there should be a careful approach and there is a need for additional research on how tourists or potential tourists use social networks.

scholarly journals The river as an element of urban composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00077
Author(s):  
Adam Rybka ◽  
Rafał Mazur
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Mutual Dependency ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Cities often owe their existence to rivers; however, when cities begin to develop, the river turns into a barrier whose crossing becomes one of the more important engineering issues in municipal infrastructure. As a part of nature, a river significantly influences the form of a city. Its development can, in turn, also impact the shape of the river. It becomes an element of urban composition. This mutual dependency is a key problem in spatial planning. Finding the right balance between the natural character of the river, and the introduction of city structures into its course, leads to the creation of a balanced space, naturally utilized by city dwellers. The article analyses examples, which illustrate the relationship between a river and the city, with a particular look at Warsaw, where this relationship has undergone a huge transformation since the beginning of the 21st century.

The city of law

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-212
Author(s):  
Kirsten Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Life ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Spatial Turn ◽  
Spatial Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Construction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

AbstractThere is now a well-established ‘spatial turn in law’. However, it remains oriented towards notions of space rather than law. How, then, to capture both the spatiality of law and the legality of space? This article draws on Bruno Latour's concept of the legal construction of the ‘social’ to explore the assemblage of the city of law. It shows how law functions as a particular form of association in urban life by tracing two key forms of urban legal association in London, the city of law. The first form is ‘legal ordering’. This seeks to order urban life through domination, and includes citadel law, police law and laws of exception. The second is ‘legal consociations’, which build new forms of urban life, such as urban rights, the rights of the city and the right to the city. Finally, the article explores the creation of a spatial justice that can build more just legal associations.

Second-hand beaux and ‘red-armed Belles’: conflict and the creation of fashions in England, c. 1660–1800

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
BEVERLY LEMIRE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Common People ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Legal Constraints ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sumptuary Legislation

Fashion, like luxury, has been largely conceived in terms of the elite experience. Indeed, the European fashion cycle was noted first among the aristocracy where the fashion system celebrated novelty over tradition, highlighting the individual aesthetic even as it consolidated the group identity of exquisitely garbed nobles. The counterpoints to the mutability of style were the legal constraints designed to curb the fashion impulse, bridling the sartorial ambitions of non-elites. Sumptuary legislation aimed to enforce luxury codes. The right to extravagant inessentials, which distinguished those of noble blood, was forbidden to lesser beings; however, fashion was a contested concept whose influence permeated first the middling and then even the labouring ranks. In this article I will examine the competing forces at work within England as the dress of the common people was transformed over the long eighteenth century. Although sumptuary legislation came to an end in England in 1604, government and moralists continued to claim the right to restrain material expression within the lower ranks, but without success. I will assess the challenge to a unitary hegemonic elite fashion, and explore the creation and significance of the multiple expressions in dress within the varied social ranks of England.

scholarly journals Armenian Amulets from the Collection of Armenian Orthodox Diocese in Baghdad

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 42-79
Author(s):  
Lusine Sargsyan ◽  
◽  
Davit Ghazaryan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Western Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This study is dedicated to the Armenian manuscript and printed Amulet1 of the Armenian Diocese of Baghdad (DAOB). In this collection of early printings, there are two printed Amulets in scroll (Pr. n. 14, second half of the 19th century and Pr. n. 15, A.D. 1716). The third Amulet is a manuscript written in 1736 in the city of Erzrum (Karin) for a certain Ohan (Ms. n. 13). The scanned copies of these amulets are currently available through the website of Hill Museum and Manuscript Library (HMML).2 Since this paper is the first study of these amulets, it presents them in terms of codicology and bibliographical study and discusses their decoration. The study of some iconographic details will help to reveal the practice of using amulets and their meaning, considering them as a representation of Armenian “folklore-art”, since scribes and miniaturists were partly free to choose texts and decorate them, even they were mostly works of the priesthood.3 It should be noted that as artifacts of the same genre, having a purpose of protection of their owners using incantations and prayers, very often the content and decoration of these three Amulets have similarities. From this point of view, Ms. n. 13 (A.D. 1736) and Pr. n. 15 (A.D. 1716) are more relevant to each other both in content and, accordingly, in decoration. A selection of prayers and illustrations to them show almost the same structure, and for the printed Amulet, we can certainly argue that such structure was typical (but not limited) for the printed Amulets in the Armenian tradition from the 18th to 19th centuries. Despite some similarities with two previous Amulets, the Pr. n. 14 (19th century) represent another structure of content and its decoration. It is enriched with prayers and illustrations which does not exist in mentioned above two examples of the 18th century. E.g. engravings depicting the life of Christ (Annunciation, Birth of Jesus Christ, Baptism, Resurrection, etc.), or portraits of the evangelists, accompanied by the passages from their Gospels. Our research shows that the publishers of this Amulet had an eighteenth-century prototype and took an innovative approach using Western art engravings.

Determinants for Value Creation in Mobile Apps Within the Tourist Experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-230
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Martins ◽  
Beatriz Casais
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
The North ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

This study focuses on the use of mobile applications in tourism context (m-tourism). A survey was applied to a hotel in the city of Guimarães, in the north of Portugal, with a sample of 98 tourists. 94 reported to use these devices in tourism context to access information and share experiences in social networks, taking photos and videos, and using GPS. Users have a preference for free applications and look for the creation of itineraries. The use of the app in offline mode is the most valued feature, as well as the availability of updated and useful information. Only 13,7% of the inquired tourists referred the use of the app of the destination Guimarães, where they were staying. This shows that besides the features, it is crucial the promotion of mobile touristic apps, and the establishment of partnerships and rewards to incentivize its use.

scholarly journals Geographies of Brazil in the 18th Century: The Philosophical Journey of Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira

Terr Plural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Karina Eugenia Fioravante ◽  
◽  
Lohanne Fernanda Gonçalves Ferreira ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Geographical Analysis ◽  
Graphic Representations ◽  
The Creation

The graphic representations have privileged space in the journeys made by naturalists since the Eighteenth century and they are fundamental elements of the geographical analysis. The main goal of this paper is to reflect on the illustrations that composed geographies of Brazil brought by the Philosophical Journey of the naturalist Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira in the Eighteenth Century. First, it is presented the relevancy of the expeditions taken by naturalists as well as the importance of the images produced by such expeditions in the consolidation of Geography as a discipline. Next, it is discussed the journey made by Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira in his Philosophical Expedition throughout Brazil. Lastly, it is analyzed the creation of images and imaginaries about Brazil at the time the graphic representations were produced.

scholarly journals Social networks and resilience in the fight for the right to the city: the Movimento Ocupe Estelita, Recife, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Edinéa Alcântara ◽  
Fátima Furtado ◽  
Circe Gama Monteiro ◽  
Rubenilda Rosinha Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

Online social networks have played a key role in the struggle for rights and for more sustainable, less unequal cities. In Brazil, this movement is relatively recent, and has tended to increase in the face of threats or crises that might adversely affect the rights, welfare or life of a city’s residents, or the public interest. The Movimento Ocupe Estelita fights against the interests of capital, symbolised by the Projeto Novo Recife, a project destined for the Cais Estelita. The movement started in 2012 and shows signs of resistance and resilience. This article aims to identify the theoretical and empirical basis of this resilience. The research was based on participatory online and offline observation and interviews at the encampment, with a chronology of the occupation process and subsequent campaigns of resistance and struggle. Finally, the movement’s capacity to reinvent itself and grow stronger despite continual disputes is analysed.

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