Rethinking Sovereignty beyond the Islamic State Rhetoric: Bringing the People Back In

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Heba Raouf Ezzat
Keyword(s):  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Urtak Hamiti

Barbaric, savage, horrific-these were terms to define the decision of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) to murder its captured Jordanian pilot by burning him alive inspired a thesaurus of horror and revulsion. The men who did it, the perpetrators were described by the media as mad men, thugs, monsters. To most of the people, the act itself seemed inexplicable and without sense. However, behind the choreographed and videotaped violence lies a calculated horrible cold logic. Although, ISIS is often portrait as a mighty force on the ground in Syria and Iraq, facts state that they control mainly communications between various provinces in both countries, and, as most guerrilla armies, are militarily weak by conventional measure. ISIS has little or almost none defense against the bombing campaign that is facing now, while US has formed a coalition that is confronting them on the ground as well, after President Barack Obama published the “New Security Doctrine” which includes degrading and finally destroying ISIS. ISIS, however, have proven to be very organized in promoting dramatic acts of violence against their enemies and promoting them two achieve two goals: use terror tactics as a psychological weapon against all those facing them and all those that are to face them in combat. Secondly, through usage of social network platforms to promote killings and executions, the aim of ISIS is to encourage recruits from out of Syria and Iraq, and elsewhere, to join them in their cause. Online operations of ISIS fall under a production group called the Al Hayat Media Center. The Center was created to seduce Westerners into joining the ranks of ISIS and also to distribute propaganda through social and media platforms. It is difficult to assess the success of this operation, but solid sources provided by US military and intelligence estimate that at least 300 Americans are fighting in the ranks of ISIS (at least two Americans have been killed fighting for ISIS in Iraq/Syria region) while the number of Europeans is in thousands. The US Response to this psychological kind of warfare came when President Barack Obama established the Center for Strategic Counterterrorism Communications (CSCC) aiming to combat terrorist propaganda. The main strategy of CSCC is not directly to confront ISIS operatives, but rather than that to deal with the people they are trying to recruit. Now, with almost entire international public opinion on their side, it is time for US to more actively respond to ISIS especially in the manner of psychological warfare since it is obvious that operations of “winning hearts and minds” of people in Iraq and Syria are not enough compared to ruthless tactics of ISIS which “winning hearts and minds” by brute force, terror, and vivid violent images. The online propaganda war is a new component to conflicts of 21st century that allows enemies to reach one another’s home fronts directly. ISIS might seem not so strong on the ground but it has captured one fundamental flaw of the media of 21st century-the one that bad news is always good news and that televised violence will always have an audience. ISIS has proclaimed that its goal is to create a caliphate of 21st century but its psychological warfare and propaganda is inspiring individuals throughout the West to commit horrible terrorist crimes. Could this be another mind game set up by ISIS, it remains to be seen. However one thing is for certain, US and its allies must tackle ISIS not only by planes and other military means, but also by a strategy that would eliminate its influence in spreading their propaganda.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Suhail Hussein Al-Fatlawi

<p>Democracy was established in the Greek cities in the fifth century B.C. It is a liberal western system. In this regard, various Islamic countries applied democracy as a political and legal system where the people elect their representatives in the legislative authority in order to put the legal regulations that organize the human behavior.</p>The research included a brief idea about liberal democracy, its history and objectives, the political and legal system in the Islamic state, the dispute among Muslim scholars on the application of democracy in the Islamic states; some Muslim scholars refuse to apply democracy since the legal system in Islam relies on the Holly Qor'an and the Prophet's speeches, which are a biding regulation for Muslims, while other authors believe that Islam accepts democracy and others think that Islam should have its special democracy that differs from the liberal democracy. This paper discussed the political and legal systems that were applied the Islamic state during the history of Islam. Finally the paper presented the most conclusions and recommendations reached by the researcher.


Author(s):  
Muheneid Hamad Ahmed AL- Karboly

The Islamic state between its regions and cities, there had to be a way to communicate among the people, and to know what was between them was acceptable and accepted and rejected. Centers for attracting scholars in Baghdad, Basra, Kufa, and Wasit, an important role in attracting and embracing scholars, especially Baghdad. The scholars of the Islamic East came to learn from Baghdad, Basra, Kufa, and Mosul. He was educated at the hands of Iraqi scholars, so a portion of these people went to their countries to spread their knowledge that they had learned after that great world permitted them and gave them their confidence, and some of them settled in Iraq. There are scholars who came from the Islamic East. They learned from Iraq’s scholars, and then they went on to spread their knowledge, and they have great merit in bringing all mental sciences and other useful sciences into the country for people to know and thus the nations will be known. There were also trips to the Levant, Egypt, and Andalusia. I thank the scholars for the good they have given us, and if they sin, I ask God Almighty to pass away from them and satisfy them with the consent of Heaven and Forgiveness, without them they would not have known. I can say that the Mashreq scholars who led to Iraq represented more than twice, who went from Iraq to the Islamic Mashreq, and this is what helped the Islamic Mashreq to thrive and God knows best.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-184
Author(s):  
Nurma Sari

This paper discusses a descriptive charity as fiscal policy during the caliphate of Umar. Zakat has a major position in fiscal policy in the early days of Islam. Besides, as a source of major revenue Islamic state at the time, zakat is also capable of supporting both state spending in the form of government expenditure (expenditure countries) and government transfers (transfer expenses). Zakat is also able to influence the economic policy of the Islamic government to improve the welfare of the people, especially the weak. It was in because zakat is the source of funds that will never dry out.Tulisan ini membahas secara deskriptif zakat sebagai kebijakan fiscal pada masa kekhalifahan umar bin khatab. Zakat mempunyai kedudukan utama dalam kebijakan fiskal pada masa awal islam. Disamping sebagai sumber pendapatan Negara Islam yang utama pada masa itu, zakat juga mampu menunjang pengeluaran Negara baik dalam bentuk government expenditure (pengeluaran belanja negara) maupun government transfer (pengeluaran transfer). Zakat juga mampu mempengaruhi kebijakan ekonomi pemerintah islam untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat terutama kaum lemah. Hal itu di karenakan zakat adalah sumber dana yang tidak akan pernah kering dan habis.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-315
Author(s):  
Cristina Mayor-Goicoechea ◽  
Jesús Romero-Trillo

Abstract The threat of the Islamic State is realised both in its attacks and its discourse. To illustrate the role of linguistic threats, the present study investigates the ISIS online propaganda magazine Dabiq by combining Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics (Romero-Trillo 2008; Baker et al. 2008). Following the two groups described by van Dijk (2003), which are represented by the in-group (ISIS) and the out-group (against ISIS), we propose a third element: the translocal group (i.e., the people in between). The results show the substantial presence of linguistic strategies enhanced by Dangerous Speech (Benesch 2013) to create a high segregation between the groups. Also, the analysis shows the inextricable relationship between conflict and dangerous language and the need to investigate this link further, with special reference to the polarisation of the groups and to the subsequent escalation of violence in discourse.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (XVIII) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Dariusz Rozmus

The vast destruction of the heritage sites in Syria and Iraq caused by the activities of ISIS may not only be attributed to fanatical iconoclasm with a religious background. The ideologists of the jihad movements in the so-called Islamic State intend to introduce one, unified version of Islam. In their world, there is no place for democracy, secularity, nationalism (even for patriotism) and other “abominations” of the West. Monuments which constituted elements of local traditions were destroyed with the application of huge resources. In the face of the tragedy of people, considerations in the field of broadly conceived culture may only supplement a description of unspeakable tragedies which were caused by the wars in the Near East. However, we may examine this question in such a way as not to separate the people from their heritage, for a human being is an integral part of his or her culture. “This isn’t a choice between people or stone,” said Deborah Lehr, chair of Antiquities Coalition. “Culture is part of who these people are, and this, ironically, is the cradle of civilization.”. Due to the situation which occurred, the stock-taking and digitalisation of artefacts and architectural monuments assumes huge significance. These proceedings should be also conducted with the use of the most recent methods of satellite teledetection.


Intizar ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Muhammadin Muhammadin

Hizbut Tahrir adalah organisasi politik Islam yang independen. Organisasinya memiliki kekhasan seperti; berasaskan syari’at Islam, ide dan aksi politiknya bukan politik praktis tetapi politik-ideologis, konseptual, rasionalis dan non-kekerasan. Hizbut Tahrir mengkonsepsikan politik sebagai al-ri’ayah al-syuuni al-ummah; tanggung jawab untuk menguasai kepentingan dan kemaslahatan umat. Sebab itu, pemikiran dan aktivitasnya dimantapkan pada tataran politik sebagai wujud pelaksanaan urusan umat. Dalam konteks gerakan pendirian khilafah menurut Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia ada dua. Pertama, gagasan-gagasan tentang sistem pemerintahan Islam harus berbentuk khilafah artinya bukan berbentuk republik, diktator, kekaisaran, monarkhi, federal atau sistem demokrasi; pilar-pilar pemerintahan Islam harus ditegakkan atas dasar kedaulatan di tangan syara’, kekuasaan hanyalah milik umat, mengangkat satu khalifah hukumnya wajib dan hanya Khalifah yang berhak mengadopsi terhadap hukum-hukum syara’; struktur lembaga negara Khilafah harus ada Khalifah, Muawin at Tafwidh, Mu’awin at Tanfidz, Wali, Amir al Jihad, Al Qadhi, Mashalih Daulah,  dan Majelis Umat; rancangan undang-undang dasar dan sistem Islam memiliki keunggulan-keunggulan di bidang politik, ekonomi, pendidikan, pergaulan dan pidana.  Kedua, strategi Hizbut Tahrir dalam upaya penegakan Khilafah berupa pembinaan intensif melalui halqah-halqah; pembinaan umum melalui pengajian-pengajian umum di masjid-masjid, gedung-gedung dan tempat-tempat umum, melalui media massa, buku-buku dan selebaran-selebaran dan penerbitan majalah bulanan dan bulletin mingguan; pergolakan pemikiran untuk menentang kepercayaan, aturan dan pemikiran-pemikiran kufur; perjuangan politik berbentuk berjuang menghadapi negara kafir imperialis yang menguasai dan mendominasi negara-negara Islam, mengadopsi kemaslahatan umat dan melayani seluruh urusannya sesuai dengan hukum-hukum syara’. Sistem khilafah tetap relevan dengan sistem negara Islam modern sehingga sangat rasional untuk diperjuangkan dan didukung oleh seluruh umat Islam.  Dalam melakukan aktivitasnya Hizbut Tahrir hanya membatasi aktivitasnya dalam dua aspek yaitu dakwah intelektual (fikriyah) dan dakwah politis (siyasiyah) serta tidak menggunakan kekuatan fisik (laa madiyah). Semua pemikiran dan aktivitasnya senantiasa muncul dan berlandaskan pada aqidah Islamiyah.Hizb ut-Tahrir is an independent Islamic political organization. His organization has its peculiarities such as; berasaskan Shari'ah, ideas and political action is not practical politics but political-ideological, conceptual, rationalists and non-violence. Hizb ut-Tahrir political conceived as al-ri'ayah al-syuuni al-umma; responsibility for the control of the interest and benefit of the people. Therefore, thinking and activity strengthened at political level in terms of carrying the affairs of the people. In the context of the establishment of Khilafat movement Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia by two. First, the ideas of the Islamic system of government must take the form of caliphate means not a republic, dictator, empire, monarchy, federal and democratic system; the pillars of the Islamic government must be established on the basis of sovereignty in the hands of Personality ', power belongs to the people, lifting the caliph is obligatory and only Khalifah has the right to adopt the laws Personality'; structure of the Khilafah state institutions there should be Caliph, Muawin at Tafwidh, Mu'awin at tanfidh, Wali, Amir al Jihad, al-Qadi, Mashalih Daulah, and the Assembly of the People; the draft constitution and Islamic system has advantages in the fields of politics, economics, education, and criminal association. Second, the strategy of the Hizb in efforts to uphold the Caliphate in the form of intensive training through halqah-halqah; general guidance through common study groups in mosques, buildings and public places, through the mass media, books and leaflets and publishing a monthly magazine and weekly newsletter; upheaval rationale for opposing beliefs, rules and ideas of kufr; political struggle shaped battling imperialist infidel countries who control and dominate the Islamic countries, adopted the benefit of the people and serving the whole affair in accordance with the laws of Personality'. Caliphate system remains relevant to modern Islamic state system so it is rational to be fought and supported by all Muslims. In conducting its activities Hizb just restrict its activities in two aspects: intellectual da'wah (fikriyah) and political propaganda (Siyasiyah) and do not use physical force (laa Muhammadiyah). All the thoughts and activities continue to emerge and be based on aqidah Islamiyah.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-378
Author(s):  
Hafiz Abdul Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Saddique

Islam is the religion of welfare and well-being of the people as well as reformation and uplift of the society. It not only gives its followers some beliefs and convictions, but it also makes them aware of all those fundamental tenets of life, adopting which, an Islamic state can build a peaceful society. Islam gives due care not only to men but to animals and birds as well. What to speak of services to the helpless, it even regards provisions to hungry and the thirsty animals a great source of salvation in the World Hereafter. Public rights (haquq-ul-Ibaad), personal rights, good morals and generosity are a big part of Islamic commandments. Even the person who does not help others is regarded not a Muslim in the eyes of Islam. Islam makes it obligatory to every Man of Source to be conscious about the rights of other people living around him. An Islamic state consists of both Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Every person, whether he is Muslim or non-Muslim, living in the state, deserves his fundamental rights. Even the state is bound to provide them the basic necessities of life including food, boarding, education, clothing, cure and justice. All this is emphasized in Quran and Hadith. When the Holy Prophet (PBHU) migrated to Madina, he, first of all, laid the foundation of first Islamic state. Having reached there, the first problem he faced was the problem of the housing, food and cure of the migrants (Muhajir), as the migrants had left all their belongings back in Makkah. They had no sources with them in Madina. The Holy Prophet (PBHU) persuaded the locals (Insaar), so that the locals managed for the basic needs of migrants, and thus resolved these issues. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) introduced such a system of assistance that none was helpless in the state.


Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Ignacio Gil Crespo ◽  
Miguel Bru Castro ◽  
David Gallego Valle

Spanish Islamic military architecture shows an attempt at the systematization of works, techniques, and defensive elements, commencing in the era of the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate up to the North African Empires (Almoravids and Almohads). This article presents an analysis of the constructive techniques and systems employed in the fortified architecture in al-Ṭagr al-Awsaṯ; that is, the Medium Frontier Territory of al-Andalus, called Marca Media, between the 8th and 13th centuries. The fortification of the borders was an objective of the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate, as well as of the new kingdoms of Taifas and the Almoravid and Almohad Empires. The buildings were designed not only to defend a territory but also as a way of demonstrating the political power, and thus they were used as “state propaganda”. The triumph of the Islamic State over different groups, the advance of the Christian conquest, the decline of the Caliphate, and the invasion of the Almoravids and Almohads were situations that modified the definition of borders, the strategies of defense, and the organization of cities and territories. Therefore, the construction of fortifications acted as a mirror reflecting the social, political, and economic circumstances, whose changes depended on the real possibilities, knowledge, celerity, or technological evolution of the time. As such, these constructions permit an analysis of not only the building techniques, but also the people who carried them out, showing in their remains the social implications and organization of work from the master builders down to the quarry workers. This article presents the organization and technical knowledge of construction through a selection of cases studies, including watchtowers, castles, city walls, and fortresses.


Author(s):  
Noah Salomon

The Inqadh regime sought to make not just religious Sudanese, but Sudan religious, by attending to the unique qualities of the physical space into which it intervened, and not just to the people who populated it. While in rural areas the regime often used blunt force to establish its Islamic state, at the urban center it engaged in a much more nuanced project, one increasingly tuned to the challenges and opportunities that such a space posed to the project of Islamic state-building. Recognizing that national belonging on an Islamic basis could not be cultivated by law and education alone, the regime turned to artistic forms in order to develop the affective qualities it deemed necessary to the foundation of its state. This chapter discusses one such project, a poetry revival program that the government encouraged and funded. It traces its itinerary as it intervened into the existing poetic and religious landscapes extant in Sudan.


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