Esistono verbi sintagmatici in arabo standard?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-193
Author(s):  
Neama Abdelaty Mohamed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Verb Particle Constructions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Semantic Properties

Abstract This study aims to show that verb-particle constructions exist in standard Arabic. The first part deals with verb-particle constructions in Italian, that are verbal constructions formed by a verbal base and a locative particle (e.g. venire giù’, lit. “come down”, “to come down, to descend”; “portare via” lit. “take away”, “to take away”; “mettere sotto” lit. “put under”, “to put (something) under, to run over”). In the second part, we have analyzed the semantic properties of Arabic post-verbal particles. We conducted the study in the newspaper al-Ahrām between 2006 and 2012. We collected fortyseven verb-particle constructions in which the incidence of the particle on the lexical semantics of the verb was found to confirm the existence of verb-particle constructions in standard Arabic.

Plural marking on noun-associated forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-401
Author(s):  
Francesca Di Garbo
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Number Marking ◽  
Number Systems ◽  
Plural Marking ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Semantic Properties

AbstractNumber systems can be morphosemantic or morphosyntactic, based on whether number marking is restricted to nouns or also extends to noun-associated forms, such as adnominal modifiers, predicates, and pronouns. While it is well-known that asymmetries in the distribution of plural marking on nouns can be due to lexico-semantic properties such as animacy and/or inherent number, the question of whether these properties also affect patterns of plural agreement has been less broadly investigated. This paper examines the distribution of plural agreement in 24 Cushitic (Afro-Asiatic) languages. The number systems of the languages of the sample are classified into three types, ranging from radically morphosemantic (Type 1) to radically morphosyntactic (Type 2). A subset of languages displays a combination of morphosemantic and morphosyntactic strategies, and thus qualifies as a mixed type (Type 3). In these languages, the distribution of plural agreement is largely lexically-specified: nouns denoting groups, masses, and collections are more likely to trigger plural agreement than other types of nouns. These results thus show that, similarly to the nominal domain, the lexical semantics of nouns may also affect plural marking on noun-associated forms. Furthermore, in Cushitic, radically morphosemantic and radically morphosyntactic number systems appear to be diachronically connected to each other, with the latter seemingly evolving from the former, as testified by ongoing variation and change in some of the sampled languages. The relevance of these findings for understanding the typology and evolution of number systems is discussed.

scholarly journals Distributional lexical semantics: Toward uniform representation paradigms for advanced acquisition and processing tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BASILI ◽  
M. PENNACCHIOTTI
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Document Frequency ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Semantic Properties

The distributional hypothesis states that words with similar distributional properties have similar semantic properties (Harris 1968). This perspective on word semantics, was early discussed in linguistics (Firth 1957; Harris 1968), and then successfully applied to Information Retrieval (Salton, Wong and Yang 1975). In Information Retrieval, distributional notions (e.g. document frequency and word co-occurrence counts) have proved a key factor of success, as opposed to early logic-based approaches to relevance modeling (van Rijsbergen 1986; Chiaramella and Chevallet 1992; van Rijsbergen and Lalmas 1996).

The syntax of the particle qad in standard Arabic and Asiri Arabic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siham Mousa Alhaider
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Asir Region ◽  
Semantic Properties ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThis article studies the particle qad in standard Arabic (SA) and Asiri Arabic (AA). In SA, qad is pronounced as [qæd], whereas in AA it is pronounced as [q?d] and written as qid. Qad in SA is different from qid in AA regarding its functional use and syntactic distribution. Accordingly, the study discusses the semantics and selection properties of qad/qid.Design/methodology/approachContrasting analyses are presented to verify which syntactic analysis better suits extended projection principle (EPP) extension, and tree structures are provided to elucidate ongoing problematic configurations and to provide solutions.FindingsThe SA particle qad has three functions: (1) a probability modal, as in may or might; (2) a perfective auxiliary, as in have, has and had; and (3) indicating emphatic purpose, as in do, does and did. Contrariwise, qid in AA has two meanings: (1) have, has and had (perfective auxiliary); and (2) the past tense of the English copula was/became (a linking verb). Given this background, there has been a debate in the syntax literature about whether qid/qad is an adverb. The current article provides evidence indicating that qid and qad are not adverbs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to the analysis of qid in Asiri dialect. Further research needs to be done on the different branches of the Asiri dialects according to the tribe. Sometimes, tribes have different sound for some words. There is not any literature review found on the Asiri dialects in the designated area of study; the particle qid.Practical implicationsThe study can be counted towards the Asiri linguistic heritage in documenting the syntactic and semantic properties of qid particle. The study contributes to the linguistic field of the Arabic language and its varieties.Social implicationsThe study offers a general review of the linguistic background of Asir region. The study introduces the reader to qad particle in SA and holds a comparison between the two researched versions of qad in SA and qid in AA.Originality/valueThe paradoxical analysis between qad and qid on all levels is presented (semantics, functional use, selection properties and level of configuration (EPP)). Also, it introduces the particle qid in AA as it was never investigated before.

scholarly journals Iconicity of cohesion in Persian causative constructions

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan ◽  
Gholamreza Mohiyedin Ghomshei
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Linguistic Distance ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Causative Constructions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
To Come ◽  
Semantic Properties

This paper tries to show that Persian causative constructions are not only iconic in nature but also employ iconicity of cohesion in their syntactic structures productively. It starts with a description of iconicity and specifically focuses on the notion of conceptual distance as discussed by Haiman (1983). It then briefly reviews the formal typology of causative constructions (i. e., lexical, morphological, and periphrastic) and summarizes the ideas proposed by Comrie (1989), Dixon (2000), Shibatani (1976), and Talmy (2003) to come up with a list of, and a table for, the semantic properties of causative constructions (i. e., directness, coercion, control, manipulation, separability, and clause structure). The paper then presents tangible evidence and examples from Persian to claim that the linguistic distance observed between [Vcause] and [Veffect] in different types of Persian causative constructions mirrors the conceptual distance between them, and concludes that the iconic nature of causative constructions in Persian can be explained on the basis of the principle of iconicity of cohesion. It lends support to the universality of the principles of functional-cognitive linguistics and shows that iconicity theory still has a high potential for explaining form-meaning relations in different syntactic structures.

scholarly journals Automated extraction of lexical meanings from Polish corpora: potentialities and limitations

2015 ◽  
pp. 177-202
Author(s):  
Maciej Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Automated Extraction ◽  
Knowledge Source ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Semantic Properties

Automated extraction of lexical meanings from Polish corpora: potentialities and limitationsLarge corpora are often consulted by linguists as a knowledge source with respect to lexicon, morphology or syntax. However, there are also several methods of automated extraction of semantic properties of language units from corpora. In the paper we focus on emerging potentialities of these methods, as well as on their identified limitations. Evidence that can be collected from corpora is confronted with the existing models of formalised description of lexical meanings. Two basic paradigms of lexical semantics extraction are briefly described. Their properties are analysed on the basis of several experiments performed on Polish corpora. Several potential applications of the methods, including a system supporting expansion of a Polish wordnet, are discussed. Finally, perspectives on the potential further development are discussed.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
P. A. Madden ◽  
W. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Silver Paint ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

The microstructure change of low-carbon electrical steels by residual aluminum

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
C.K. Hou ◽  
C.T. Hu ◽  
Sanboh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Electrical Steels ◽  
Vacuum Degassing ◽  
Spherical Inclusions ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fine Size ◽  
To Come

The fully processed low-carbon electrical steels are generally fabricated through vacuum degassing to reduce the carbon level and to avoid the need for any further decarburization annealing treatment. This investigation was conducted on eighteen heats of such steels with aluminum content ranging from 0.001% to 0.011% which was believed to come from the addition of ferroalloys.The sizes of all the observed grains are less than 24 μm, and gradually decrease as the content of aluminum is increased from 0.001% to 0.007%. For steels with residual aluminum greater than 0. 007%, the average grain size becomes constant and is about 8.8 μm as shown in Fig. 1. When the aluminum is increased, the observed grains are changed from the uniformly coarse and equiaxial shape to the fine size in the region near surfaces and the elongated shape in the central region. SEM and EDAX analysis of large spherical inclusions in the matrix indicate that silicate is the majority compound when the aluminum propotion is less than 0.003%, then the content of aluminum in compound inclusion increases with that in steel.

409 The likely numbers to come: trends in hospitalisation for heart failure in the ‘sample’ town of trieste and its region

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
D CHERSEVANI ◽  
A DILENARDA ◽  
P GOLIANI ◽  
M GRELLA ◽  
F BRUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Its Region ◽  
To Come

Standard Arabic

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Dickins ◽  
Janet C. E. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Arabic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document