What Needs to Be Done in Prevention Programmes?

Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse the potential impact from the financial crisis (onset in 2009) on suicide rates in Denmark. The hypothesis is that the global financial crisis raised unemployment which leads to raising the suicide rate in Denmark and that the impact is most prominent in men. Method: This study used an ecological study design, including register data from 2001 until 2016 on unemployment, suicide, gender and calendar time which was analysed using Poisson regression models and interrupted time series analysis. Results: The correlation between unemployment and suicide rates was positive in the period and statistically significant for all, but at a moderate level. A dichotomised version of time (calendar year) showed a significant reduction in the suicide rate for women (incidence rate ratio 0.87, P=0.002). Interrupted time series analysis showed a significant decreasing trend for the overall suicide rate and for men in the pre-recession period, which in both cases stagnated after the onset of recession in 2009. The difference between the genders’ suicide rate changed significantly at the onset of recession, as the rate for men increased and the rate for women decreased. Discussion: The Danish social welfare model might have prevented social disintegration and suicide among unemployed, and suicide prevention programmes might have prevented deaths among unemployed and mentally ill individuals. Conclusions: We found some indications for gender-specific differences from the impact of the financial crises on the suicide rate. We recommend that men should be specifically targeted for appropriate prevention programmes during periods of economic downturn.

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Trafficking in human beings in Spain: What do the data on detected victims tell us?

European Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/1477370821997334 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147737082199733

Author(s):

Carolina Villacampa ◽

Mª Jesús Gómez ◽

Clàudia Torres

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Research ◽

Sexual Exploitation ◽

Identification System ◽

Human Beings ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

Research Period

Although trafficking in human beings was criminalized in Spain in 2010, data on this phenomenon are scarce and incomplete, consisting only of cases formally identified by police as having a very clear bias to trafficking for sexual exploitation. In an effort to increase empirical understanding, in 2019 we undertook quantitative research by gathering information on cases detected during 2017 and 2018. A questionnaire was distributed online to 757 stakeholders who could potentially have come across victims of trafficking. The 150 responses obtained provide valuable information about the number of victims, their profile, the dynamics of trafficking and the types of exploitation they suffered. The number of victims detected during the research period ( n = 7448) is far higher than those officially identified ( n = 458), which indicates that official cases may represent only the tip of the iceberg and point to the necessity of adopting measures to improve the identification system. Findings also show differences in victims’ profiles, victimization dynamics and forms of exploitation depending on the type of trafficking that could be taken into account when designing intervention and prevention programmes in this matter.

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Compulsive Buying in Adolescents. The Impact of Gender and Alcohol and Cannabis Use

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13073982 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3982

Author(s):

Gloria Pérez de Albéniz-Garrote ◽

Maria Begoña Medina-Gómez ◽

Cristina Buedo-Guirado

Keyword(s):

Compulsive Buying ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Toxic Substances ◽

Higher Alcohol ◽

Random Cluster ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

The Impact ◽

Buying In

The purpose of this study to analyse whether compulsive buying in teenagers is related to gender and alcohol and cannabis use in a sample of 573 students aged 14–17 from secondary education schools in Burgos (Spain) (M = 15.65; SD = 1.04). Random cluster sampling was performed to select the sample. The Compulsive Buying Questionnaire was used together with two extra promts: ‘Indicate how much alcohol you consume’ and ‘Indicate how much cannabis you take’. Descriptive statistics were used in data analysis, while MANOVA was used to study gender differences in alcohol and cannabis use, compulsive buying and their interaction. The results show higher scores for female compulsive buyers than for men, higher scores for alcohol and cannabis users’ compulsive buying than for non-users, respectively, and higher scores for female users than for male users. A certain interaction was also observed between alcohol and cannabis use. A higher alcohol consumption entailed a higher score in compulsive buying, with cannabis users who did not consume alcohol obtaining the highest scores. Thus, prevention programmes should consider teenagers’ gender and the risk of taking toxic substances.

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RunIn3: the development process of a running-related injury prevention programme

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. e001051

Author(s):

Caio Sain Vallio ◽

Gabriela Martins de Oliveira ◽

Giovana Araujo Kretli Mota ◽

Alexandre Dias Lopes ◽

Luiz Hespanhol

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Intervention Mapping ◽

Inductive Reasoning ◽

Target Population ◽

Prevention Programme ◽

Physically Active ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Development Approach ◽

Type Of Exercise ◽

Framework Development

BackgroundRunning is an important type of exercise to keep people physically active. However, running also carries a risk of developing running-related injuries (RRI). Therefore, effective and evidence-based RRI prevention programmes are desirable, but are scarce in practice. An approach to face this problem might be the application of methods to develop RRI prevention programmes based on theories of behaviour change.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to develop an RRI prevention programme based on perspectives of behavioural and social science theories, as well as taking a framework development approach.MethodsThis was a qualitative study using the Intervention Mapping (IM) framework held between February and March 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil. The participants were involved in running practice. The data collection was conducted during focus group meetings. The data analysis was based on semantic thematic approach using a content analysis orientation based on inductive reasoning.ResultsThe target population of the RRI prevention programme identified was ‘adult recreational runners’. The objectives of the RRI prevention programme were established in two broad actions: (1) to provide feedback on individual training characteristics and RRI risk; and (2) provide/enhance knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours. The programme is aimed to be delivered through an online system.ConclusionAn RRI prevention programme was developed using the IM framework and a participatory approach. The programme was named ‘RunIn3’, and it is based on providing feedback on running volume and RRI risk, as well as providing knowledge, skills and self-efficacy on RRI preventive behaviours.

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Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the oncologic care continuum: urgent need to restore patients care to pre-COVID-19 era

Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice ◽

10.1017/s1460396921000303 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ernest Osei ◽

Ruth Francis ◽

Ayan Mohamed ◽

Lyba Sheraz ◽

Fariba Soltani-Mayvan

Keyword(s):

Cancer Care ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Negative Impact ◽

System Level ◽

Care Continuum ◽

Cancer Services ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Screening And Prevention ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death, and it is estimated that over 18·1 million new cases are diagnosed annually. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted almost every aspect of the provision and management of cancer care worldwide. The time-critical nature of COVID-19 diagnosis and the large number of patients requiring hospitalisation necessitated the rerouting of already limited resources available for cancer services and programmes to the care of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the stringent social distancing, restricted in-hospital visits and lockdown measures instituted by various governments resulted in the disruption of the oncologic continuum including screening, diagnostic and prevention programmes, treatments and follow-up services as well as research and clinical trial programmes. Materials and Methods: We searched several databases from October 2020 to January 2021 for relevant studies published in English between 2020 and 2021 and reporting on the impact of COVID-19 on the cancer care continuum. This narrative review paper describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cancer patient care continuum from screening and prevention to treatments and ongoing management of patients. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted cancer care and the management of cancer services and patients. Nevertheless, the oncology healthcare communities worldwide have done phenomenal work with joint and collaborative efforts, utilising best available evidence-based guidelines to continue to give safe and effective treatments for cancer patients while maintaining the safety of patients, healthcare professionals and the general population. Nevertheless, several healthcare centres are now faced with significant challenges with the management of the backlog of screening, diagnosis and treatment cases. It is imperative that governments, leaders of healthcare centres and healthcare professionals take all necessary actions and policies focused on minimising further system-level delays to cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment initiation and clearing of all backlogs cases from the COVID-19 pandemic in order to mitigate the negative impact on cancer outcomes.

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Examining drivers’ socio-demographic variables and perceptions towards sanction mechanisms on speeding behaviour on highways: targeting appropriate prevention

Journal of Navigation ◽

10.1017/s0373463321000217 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Fitri Trapsilawati ◽

Nadhiya Ulhaq Priatna ◽

Titis Wijayanto ◽

Ari Widyanti ◽

Utami Dyah Syafitri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Accident ◽

Online Survey ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Targeted Prevention ◽

Material Loss ◽

Legal Sanction ◽

Study Results ◽

Legal Sanctions ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Car Driving

Abstract Investigating the underlying predictors of speeding behaviour deserves the full attention of research. This study aims to examine the effects of demographic variables on the perceived deterrent mechanisms and to predict speeding behaviour to target appropriate prevention programmes. In this study, 212 randomly selected drivers having a valid car driving licence participated in an online survey. The results revealed that demographic variables influenced drivers’ perceptions towards social and legal sanctions as well as material loss. The model revealed that two sanction-related constructs, that is, legal sanction (b = −0⋅227, P = 0⋅007) and material loss (b = −0⋅218, P = 0⋅005), as well as lax perception towards traffic accident (b = −0⋅176, P = 0⋅025), were the significant predictors of speeding behaviour. These findings suggested that prevention programmes should prioritise young and single drivers. The most effective targeted prevention programmes are highlighted accordingly based on the study results.

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What can we learn from offspring studies in bipolar disorder?

BJPsych Advances ◽

10.1192/apt.bp.114.013086 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 176-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Josephine Loftus ◽

Bruno Etain ◽

Jan Scott

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Early Intervention ◽

High Risk ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Prevention Programmes ◽

Methodological Approaches

SummaryWe offer a contemporary review of studies of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder and explore the clinical characteristics of these populations. We discuss how different methodological approaches may influence study findings and may explain some of the heterogeneity in the results reported. We also highlight some of the environmental risk factors that may increase the likelihood of transition from an ‘at-risk’ or high-risk state to bipolar disorder. Last, we briefly discuss the implications of study findings for early intervention strategies and comment on such issues as genetic counselling and primary and early secondary prevention programmes.

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