Economic Globalization And Changes In Family Formation As The Cause Of Very Low Fertility In Japan

2011 ◽  
pp. 97-113
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Low Fertility

scholarly journals The roads more or less traveled - A sequence analysis of family formation and parenthood for a cohort of Danish women born in the 1970s

2017 ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Tinne Steffensen
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Technologies ◽  
Ideal Family ◽  
First Child ◽  
Civil Status

Relatively low fertility and an increased age at first birth, along with the development of assisted reproduction technologies have increased attention to when and how many times Danish women give birth. While some argue that family formation has become increasingly plural and differentiated, others maintain that the nuclear family remains the ideal family for the majority of women. In this article, I investigate family formation trajectories for a random sample of 1,500 women born in 1973 and 1974. For this sample, I perform sequence analysis of longitudinal registry data on civil status, fertility, education and income through the ages 22 to 37. Focusing on timing, order and duration in the sequences studied, I identify seven distinct clusters (i.e. typologies) of family formations in Denmark. The majority (68 percent) of the women’s trajectories represent varieties of the nuclear family. For all clusters, my results confirm the event of the first child as a constituting factor of the nuclear family, which often precedes marriage. However, the identified clusters also show great variation when it comes to age at birth of first child, socio-economic status and overall turbulence in their trajectories.

scholarly journals Late, But Not Too Late? Postponement of First Birth Among Highly Educated US Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Nitsche ◽  
Hannah Brückner
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Postponement

AbstractWe examine the link between the postponement of parenthood and fertility outcomes among highly educated women in the USA born in 1920–1986, using data from the CPS June Supplement 1979–2016. We argue that the postponement–low fertility nexus noted in demographic and biomedical research is especially relevant for women who pursue postgraduate education because of the potential overlap of education completion, early career stages, and family formation. The results show that women with postgraduate education differ from women with college education in terms of the timing of the first birth, childlessness, and completed fertility. While the postponement trend, which began with the cohorts born in the 1940s, has continued among highly educated women in the USA, its associations with childlessness and completed parity have changed considerably over subsequent cohorts. We delineate five distinct postponement phases over the 80-year observation window, consistent with variation over time in the prevalence of strategies for combining tertiary education and employment with family formation.

Migration, Family Formation and Fertility in the Americas

2020 ◽  
pp. 019791832092335
Author(s):  
David P. Lindstrom ◽  
Anairis Hernandez-Jabalera ◽  
Silvia Giorguli Saucedo
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Marital Dissolution ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Mexican Migration ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Migration Experience ◽  
Early Migration

In many low- and medium-income countries that are the traditional sources of international migrants, total fertility rates have dropped to levels at or near replacement. In this context of low fertility, we expect migration’s effects on fertility to operate primarily through marital timing and marital stability. We examine the effects of international migration on age at first marriage, union dissolution, timing of first birth, and completed fertility, using retrospective life-history data collected in Mexico and eight other Latin American countries by the Mexican Migration Project (MMP) and the Latin American Migration Project (LAMP). Using discrete-time hazards and Poisson regression models, we find clear evidence that early migration experience results in delayed marriage, delayed first birth, and a higher rate of marital dissolution. We also find evidence among women that cumulative international migration experience is associated with fewer births and that the estimated effects of migration experience are attenuated after taking into account age at union formation and husbands’ prior union experiences. As fertility levels in migrant origin and destination countries continue on their path toward convergence, migrant fertility below native fertility may become more common due to migration’s disruptive effects on marital timing and marital stability and the selection of divorced or separated adults into migration.

Europe and its Fertility: From Low to Lowest Low

2005 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 56-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco C. Billari
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Ideational Change ◽  
European Youth

This paper documents the fundamental changes in family formation that took place in Europe during the last two decades of the twentieth century, as well as some possible explanations for these changes. First, European youth have postponed key demographic events, and the latest-late pattern of transition to adulthood emerged in the South. Second, lowest-low fertility emerged during the 1990s in the same area, spreading quickly to Central and Eastern Europe. Policies and economic trends, long-standing cultural factors and ideational change interact in shaping change and differences. Macro-level factors in turn interact with micro-level ones to shape outcomes. The new demographic regime of Europe is thus likely to persist.

scholarly journals The pure relationship and below replacement fertility

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Anthony Giddens ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
The Many ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Below Replacement Fertility

Of the many changes which have characterized the second demographic transition, shifts in fertility and union formation have attracted a great deal of interest from demographers. Despite the fact that researchers have extensively modeled recent demographic changes such as skyrocketing divorce rates, rising common-law union formation, delayed childbearing, and the decline to belowreplacement fertility levels, our understanding of the causes of these trends, and the possible connections between them remains theoretically fragmented and incomplete. The goal of this paper is to advance our understanding in this area by exploring the insights on modern family formation of prominent sociologist Anthony Giddens. Specifically, this study examines whether Giddens’ “pure relationship” concept can shed light on the trend toward very low fertility. The results of this inquiry suggest that couples in both marriages and common-law unions who conform to key aspects of Giddens pure relationship are more likely to have uncertain or below-replacement fertility intentions, and less likely to embrace above-replacement fertility goals.

scholarly journals Spatial dimension of the second demographic transition in Serbia

2018 ◽  
pp. 499-514
Author(s):  
Daniela Arsenovic ◽  
Vladimir Nikitovic ◽  
Ivana Magdalenic
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Second Demographic Transition ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
History Of

Current research of the second demographic transition (SDT) in Serbia is largely focused on its sociological dimension, particularly on changes related to family formation. On the other hand, understanding the spatial dimension of this process can help in understanding its further expansion, but also its nature outside the countries in which it was originally described, as the history of the first demographic transition showed it. The aim of this paper is to determine whether spatial patterns of recent changes (1991-2011) in fertility indicators in Serbia could have their foundation in SDT. For this purpose, regional differences in the diffusion of demographic innovations, measured by typical demographic indicators of SDT such as total fertility rate, mean age of women at childbirth and proportion of non-marital live births, were examined. Although the findings in terms of the spreading of low fertility and postponement of births may indicate that SDT drivers are at work in Serbia, those related to non-marital fertility suggest that this process may not be so straightforward, thus highlighting the similarity with the manifestation of SDT indicators in European post-socialist societies. It is unquestionable, however, that the transition between traditional and modern in terms of the reproductive regime in Serbia has its clear spatial dimension and its further research would greatly clarify the mechanisms and tempo of future changes and contribute to defining of adequate measures of population policy.

scholarly journals Low fertility, childlessness and family changes in the first half of the 20th century in France and Belgium

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Brée ◽  
Thierry Eggerickx ◽  
Jean-Paul Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Low Levels

RésuméAu cours de l’entre-deux-guerres, la fécondité a chuté à des niveaux très faibles dans de nombreux pays d’Europe occidentale, presque toujours en dessous du niveau de remplacement. Ce phénomène reste pourtant assez peu étudié et c’est pour apporter de nouveaux éléments à sa compréhension que cet article se penche sur la taille de la famille en France et en Belgique pour les générations de femmes nées entre 1872 et 1931 (en distinguant les femmes en fonction de leur état civil), révélant le rôle important de l’infécondité et des petites familles dans les très faibles niveaux de fécondité observés. Un accent particulier est également mis sur le calendrier de la formation de la famille révélant que les très faibles niveaux de fécondité de l’entre-deux-guerres peuvent être expliqués, au moins en partie, par une modification du calendrier de la fécondité.AbstractDuring the interwar period, fertility dropped to very low levels in many western European countries, almost always below the replacement level but not much is known about this phenomenon. To bring new features, this paper focuses on family size in France and in Belgium for cohorts of women born between 1872 and 1931 (distinguishing women according to their marital status), revealing the important role of childlessness and small families in the strong decline in fertility. A particular focus is then placed on the timing of family formation revealing that the very low levels of fertility of the interwar period can be explained, at least in part, by a modification of the timing of fertility. 

scholarly journals Om relationen mellem provokeret abort og familiedannelse

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Lisbeth B. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
First Child ◽  
High Age ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between induced abortion and family formation. This article examines the relationship between induced abortion and family formation. It argues that the exis-tence of the possibility of induced abortion has contribut-ed to making family formation an issue of choice. The article examines the development of induced abortion in Denmark and makes certain comparisons with other European countries. The Danish legislation on induced abortion (within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy) was based on medical social and feminist arguments. Abortion was viewed as an alternative to other forms of prevention. In the 1990’s the arguments have changed; now induced abortion is to be considered the final resort after other forms of prevention failed. And too from previously viewing induced abortion in terms of women’s health or family wel-fare, the arguments now argue that abortion is a (potential) killing of a child and therefore should be avoid-ed. Since the Danish law went into effect in 1975, both the abortion rate and the absolute number of induced abor-tions has fallen. Danish statistics indicate that abortion and fertility development are not complementary, both fell until 1983, and since then the abortion rate has remained stable while the fertility rate has increased. European figures indicate that countries with a high age at birth of the first child, have a low rate of induced abortion, and that it is not just access to induced abortion that makes a low fertility level possible. Late family formation is not related to a high rate of abortion.

scholarly journals Changes in residential, occupational and gender structure of the greater Bangkok in the globalization process

Dela ◽  
2004 ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nakagawa
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Electronics Industry ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated recent changes in migration and population structure of the Greater Bangkok considering the impact of economic globalization. The spatial policy of the Thai government has lead newer investments for manufacturing to locate away from Bangkok Metropolis and thereby the industrial structure of Bangkok Metropolis has gradually turned into service-dominated, while the region surrounding Bangkok Metropolis has attracted factories mainly owned by foreign capital. Light industry and electronics industry are con-centrated in the adjacent provinces to Bangkok Metropolis and the heavy and petrochemical industry tends to be located in the outer zone of the surrounding region. The service sector and light industry as well as electronics industry prefer female workers and Bangkok met-ropolis and the adjoining provinces have become female-dominated population structure while male workers tend to gather in the outer zone attracted by heavy and petrochemical industry. It is possible to mention accordingly that the unbalanced spatial distribution of sex structure of population which might cause changes in the norm to the family formation in future is one of the consequences of economic globalization of Thailand, which the inves-tment promotion policy of the government did not assume.

Low Fertility in Europe: Is There Still Reason to Worry?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Hoorens ◽  
Jack Clift ◽  
Laura Staetsky ◽  
Barbara Janta ◽  
Stephanie Diepeveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Fertility
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