scholarly journals Multiple Voices of the Past: (Hi)stories and Memories from the Ethnically Mixed Neighbourhoods in Pristina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis S. Ermolin
Keyword(s):  
Social Unit ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Multiple Voices ◽  
Everyday Talk ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War ◽  
Spatial Entity ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
Local Narratives

Multiple Voices of the Past: (Hi)stories and Memories from the Ethnically Mixed Neighbourhoods in PristinaUsing the Bakhtinian term heteroglossia developed by Andrea L. Smith, this article analyses the multiple and sometimes internally contradictory narratives, memories and stereotypes articulated in everyday talk about the common past in Pristina that could be heard nowadays in post-war Kosovo (mostly among Kosovo Albanians) and among the people who used to live in Kosovo prior to 1999 (mostly Kosovo Serbs) and then left the country for Serbia (Belgrade, Niš, etc.) or went abroad. The study explores the existing memories, images and stereotypes shared among the current and former citizens of Pristina (Kosovo) – both Albanians and Serbs – about each other and their city. It relies on the basic tools of cultural memory studies and applies them to the analysis of existing local narratives in the present-day Albanian and Serbian communities that used to be parts of one and the same city of Pristina. The article offers a discussion of the opposition between urban and rural models of mindset in changing Pristina and its importance in understanding some of the factors of ethnic conflict in Kosovo. The basic social unit selected for analysis is ethnically mixed neighbourhood and its memory due to the fact that this social and spatial entity functioned as the primary condition and source of interaction, mutual familiarity and cooperation both during peace and war. The empirical data for the study were collected in 2010–2020 during short visits to Pristina (Kosovo) and Niš (Serbia).Множественные голоса прошлого: история и память в этнически смешанных районах ПриштиныАннотация: Используя термин гетероглоссия, предложенный М. Бахтиным и разработанный А. Смитом, в данной статье я про- анализирую многочисленные и иногда внутренне противоречивые нарративы, воспоминания и стереотипы, сформулированные в повседневных разговорах об общем прошлом в Приштине, которые сегодня можно услышать в послевоенном Косово (в среде косовских албанцев) и среди людей, живших в Косово до 1999 г. (в основном косовские сербы), а затем уехавших из страны в Сербию (Белград, Ниш и т. д.) или за границу. Моя статья направлена на изучение существующих воспоминаний, образов и стереотипов, разделяемых нынешними и бывшими гражданами Приштины – как албанцами, так и сербами – по отношению друг к другу и своему городу. В работе используются основные инструменты исследования культурной памяти, в их применении к анализу существующих местных нарративов в современных албанских и сербских общинах, которые когда-то были частью одного и того же города Приштина. В своей статье я буду обсуждать противостояние между городской и сельской моделями мышления в изменении Приштины и его важность для понимания некоторых предпосылок этнического конфликта в Косово. В качестве базовой социальной единицы для своего анализа я выбрал этнически смешанный район и его память в связи с тем, что эта социальная и пространственная сущность функционировала как основное условие и источник взаимодействия, взаимного знакомства и сотрудничества как в периоды мира, так и во время войны. Эмпирические данные были собраны в 2010-2020 годах во время моих коротких визитов в Приштину и Ниш.Różnorodne głosy przeszłości: historia i pamięć w zróżnicowanych etnicznie dzielnicach PrisztinyOdwołując się do terminu polifoniczności, zaproponowanego przez Michaiła Bachtina i opracowanego przez Anthony’ego Smitha, w niniej­szym artykule przeanalizuję liczne i czasem wewnętrznie sprzeczne narra­cje, wspomnienia i stereotypy, sformułowane w codziennych rozmowach o wspólnej przeszłości w Prisztinie, które dziś można usłyszeć w powo­jennym Kosowie (w środowisku kosowskich Albańczyków) oraz pośród ludzi mieszkających w Kosowie do 1999 roku (przede wszystkim wśród kosowskich Serbów), którzy wyjechali do Serbii (Belgrad, Nisz itd.) lub za granicę. Mój artykuł ma na celu zbadanie wspomnień, obrazów i ste­reotypów, podzielanych przez obecnych i byłych obywateli Prisztiny, za­równo Albańczyków jak i Serbów, w stosunku do siebie nawzajem oraz do samego miasta. W pracy nad analizą lokalnych narracji we współczesnych wspólnotach albańskich i serbskich, które kiedyś były częścią tego samego miasta – Prisztiny, wykorzystuję podstawowe instrumenty badawcze dla dziedziny pamięci kulturowej. W artykule będę omawiać sprzeczność mię­dzy miejskim a wiejskim modelem myślenia na temat przemian Prisztiny, akcentując jego istotną rolę w rozumieniu niektórych przesłanek konflik­tu etnicznego w Kosowie. Jako podstawową jednostkę społeczną dla mo­jej analizy przyjąłem etnicznie różnorodną dzielnicę wraz z jej pamięcią, ze względu na to, że ta społeczna i przestrzenna jednostka funkcjonowała jako podstawowe źródło wzajemnych wpływów, znajomości i współpracy, zarówno w czasie pokoju, jak i wojny. Dane empiryczne zostały zebrane w latach 2010-2020 w czasie moich krótkich wizyt w Prisztinie i Niszu.

Bearing Witness

2018 ◽  
pp. 184-217
Author(s):  
Santana Khanikar
Keyword(s):  
State Of Exception ◽  
Oral Histories ◽  
Common People ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

This chapter discusses conflict and violence in Lakhipathar, over a period of two decades, drawing on oral histories from the people of Lakhipathar. Listening to the narratives of past sufferings here has worked not merely a tool to know what happened to the narrators in the past but it also gives a key to analyse why and how they live in the present. Apart from offering evidence towards the larger argument of the work, this part of the book has also aimed towards opening a conversation on some buried and forgotten moments in the history of the Indian state that resemble what could be called an Agambenian ‘state of exception’. The dense narratives give a picture of the collaboration and deceit, revenge and violence, suspicion and fear in war-torn Lakhipathar and how the common people negotiated their ways through these.

INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW SERIES: UNCOMMON “COMMON SENSE”

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Akinobu Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The common sense of modern times was not always “common” in the past. For example, if it is true that inflation is caused by an oversupply of money, a short supply of money must cause deflation. However logical that sounds, though, it has not been so uncommon in history that rising prices were recognized as being caused by a scarcity of currency. Even in the same period, a common idea prevailing in one historical area was not always common in another; rather, it sometimes appeared in quite the opposite direction. It is likely that the idea that a government gains from bad currencies, while traders appreciate good ones, is popular throughout the world. In the case of China, however, its dynasties sometimes intentionally issued high-quality coins without regard to their losses. East Asia shared the idea that cheap currency harms the state, while an expensive currency harms the people. This is in considerable contrast with a common image in other regions that authorities gained profits from seigniorage.

scholarly journals The post-war era in Nigeria and the resilience of Igbo communal system

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Okwuosa ◽  
Chinyere T. Nwaoga ◽  
Favour Uroko
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Phenomenological Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Continuous Basis ◽  
The People ◽  
Igbo People ◽  
Nigerian Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Qualitative Phenomenological

The Igbo people survived a civil war that raged between 1967 and 1970 and that devastated their land and reduced their population because of more than three million deaths. They were confronted with the challenges of beginning life afresh from scratch with almost nothing. Since then, they have allegedly been marginalised on a continuous basis by the Nigerian government. This notwithstanding the people with their communal spirit, which saw them through the civil war, have continued to cement their survival resolve in the post-war era. The aim of this article was to study the Igbo communal system as the bedrock of Igbo progress, especially in the past 50 years and recommends it as the basic principle of Igbo survival in Nigeria. It considers Igbo communal spirit as a veritable panacea against the recent agitations for secession by the people as that would guarantee Igbo people an ample space to operate in Nigeria. The methodology used in this article is a qualitative phenomenological method. This was carried out by interviewing some members of Igbo society, observing and interpreting events in Igbo society and as documented in literatures. It was found that Igbo people have really done well for themselves despite the seeming marginalisation by sticking to their resilient spirit. This study concluded that instead of seeking for independence from Nigeria, the Igbo people need to be mindful of their resilient communal spirit and reinforce it in all spheres of life. This would make them more relevant in the country’s affairs than they are currently.

Konventionen der Arbeitsintegration

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Canonica
Keyword(s):  
Common Interest ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Occupational Integration ◽  
The People ◽  
Handicapped People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Post War

Abstract:Conventions of Occupational Integration. The Employment of Disabled People in Swiss Enterprises (1950 to 1980)Disabled people's access to the labour market is one of the leading ideas in disability policy. Its success depends on the willingness of employers to employ handicapped people. Both historical and social studies focus on the welfare state or the people in question, while the perspective of the employers is often neglected. Under what conditions are companies willing to employ people whose performance diverges from the common interest to maximise economic output? Switzerland is well suited for a case study, since there are no regulations for employers, such as a quota-system. Incorporating the theory of «économie des conventions», this study investigates how employers' associations and companies justify employment of disabled people and how these people are valued. The timeframe investigated spans from the immediate post-war period to 1980.

Coming to Terms with Horror

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Festić
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memory Work ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Post War

AbstractThe paper discusses the possibilities of building a framework for conceptualization and understanding of the effects of the atrocities committed upon the collapse of ‘ex-Yugoslavia’. It relates the war-horrors and personal and collective traumas to the everyday of the people(s) of both the communist and post-communist times, and includes empirical cross-references from the social relations, cultural, educational and political contexts while revealing the ambivalent meanings of the ‘ghosts of the past’ and of their ‘return’. In rethinking the notions of the signifier, representation, the abject from the social/the symbolic, the text argues for the centrality of memory work based on victims’ experiences and their articulation in public spaces in the post-war societies. Envisioning the move forward and safer inter-ethnic relations on the discussed territories argues for individual responsibility in the processes of (re)construction and (re)formation of complex personal, collective and national identities, lived memory and institutions and in attempts to inter- and intracommunicate the particularized units.

scholarly journals Liturgy: Local and Contextual or Controlled from Above? A Nordic Perspective: Liturgical Renewal and Development in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in the Past Three Decades

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
Sini Hulmi
Keyword(s):  
Creative Development ◽  
Common People ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran Church ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran ◽  
The Church

Is the liturgy local and contextual and growing from below, or is it controlled from above? Does the liturgy belong to the people and to the congregation, and are they allowed to use it in their own way? Or is the liturgy the property of the Church, which gives strict orders for its use? Is it powerful men and women, meaning those people with authority, and the institutions (for example, the Church Synod and the Bishops’ Conference) who define the methods and ways in which liturgy is enculturated? Or do the ways of inculturation involve development from below, from the common people, even the poorest and most humble believers, at the congregational level? The balance between these two aspects—top-down and bottom-up worship—has repeatedly shifted over the last three decades, and there have been tensions between them in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. The goal of this essay is to clarify the reason for this confusing situation related to authority, fixed orders and the creative development of liturgical life.

scholarly journals MAP-METRIC ANALYSIS OF THE CHANGE OF THE HEIGHT ARRANGEMENET OF THE OLD-MOUNTAINOUS AREA POPULATION

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Post War

The old-mountainous area, a part of Serbia set on the Balkan covers the mountain Stara planina and its smaller integral totallties Zaglava, Visok and Vidlič. Though hilly-mountainous border zone this area used to be relatively densely inhabited in the past. However, in the post-war period the migration of the populiation grew to be distinct. The people moved on from the villages to the cines and from hillymountainous areas to the valleys. In the 1948 in the mountainous area lived 54,3% out of total populatIon of that area and in 1981. only 21,6%. But on the contrary, the number of the inhabitants 'in the hilly areas has enlarged from 45,7% to 78,4% out of total population of the region Stara planina (old-mountamous area).

scholarly journals Positive Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on Various Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-436
Author(s):  
Aditya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The People ◽  
Common Enemy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Positive Impacts

During the year 2020, our globe has faced a disastrous monster in the form of a microscopic virus. Innumerable lives have suffered across various countries and the loss is indeterminable. Sadness, grief, fear and anxiety has taken over all families of those suffering from the deadly virus. The virus has changed the outlook to most aspects. Even in the past, pandemics and infectious diseases as such have put humans in a position to initiate their world anew. The corona pandemic seems to have similar consequences. Apart from the boredom, helplessness, uncertainty of the future, nations also battle against various other issues like economic crises and climatic changes.  Living through the pandemic, even though our worlds have shrunk to our house mates and our laptops, but the entire globe stands in it together fighting the common enemy. And more importantly, the pandemic has also brought in some positive changes into the lives of the people as well as on different nations as a whole. The objective of this article is to draw your attention towards the positive impacts of the Covid 19 pandemic. Despite the various drawbacks of the global pandemic, it has also helped our nation and the whole world in various ways.

The Progressive Codification of International Law

1926 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-669
Author(s):  
Manley O. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
World War ◽  
Human Race ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
The Law

It was inevitable that the end of the World War should be followed by a revival of interest in the systematic development of the law of nations. Such a result was foreseen by W. E. Hall as long ago as 1890, but the extent of the revival and its consequences were pictured by him in terms altogether too sanguine. Many of the people who have expected the experience of the war to be capitalized in an immediate clarification of the laws of war must have been greatly disappointed by the events of the past years. A struggle which aroused so many passions, which divided a large part of the human race into hostile camps, could not possibly have produced the conditions necessary for building a new law which would embody the common views of people in many countries; but perhaps it did serve to direct attention to the lawless character of international relations in certain fields, and thus gave to politicians and lawyers opportunity for extending and improving the law governing such relations. If there has not been a general unanimity of opinion as to the method to be followed and the direction to be taken, the opportunity has not been neglected, and currents are now under way and agencies have been created which promise a continued if not a consistent progress for the future.

One

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Bruno Maçães
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Common ◽  
American Society ◽  
Democrats And Republicans ◽  
Intellectual Elites

This chapter discusses the narrative of decline of the American Republic. Many contemporary commentators argue that American elites now regard their own country as spoils to be fought over. Currents over the past four decades express the relentless pursuit of private interest at the expense of the common good, even when that pursuit may bring about the final collapse of the system. Privatization, deregulation, the rise of finance--these are contemporary versions of the old dialectic of decline. The gulf between economic and intellectual elites and the rest of the people seems larger than ever before. In Washington, Democrats and Republicans are no longer capable of reaching compromises on important policies and often regard winning their disputes as the only thing that matters. Donald Trump is only a small part of this narrative of decline. The chapter then provides a fuller picture of all the ways American life is reaching a breaking point, at a moment when disaggregating forces are getting stronger. Ultimately, this book assesses the possibility of the development of a new, indigenous American society, separate from modern Western civilization, rooted in new feelings and thoughts.

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