Metabolic Calcium Balance in Rats with Chronic Renal Failure Assessed Using 42Ca Tracer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1140-1147
Author(s):  
Yan Gao ◽  
Jian-Wei Ren ◽  
Zhi-Min Kang ◽  
Yan-Hui Fang ◽  
Xue-Na Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calcium Balance ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fractional Calcium Absorption ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Peak Blood

Objective: This study's objective is to explore the effect of venous calcium (Ca) load on Ca metabolism using an isotope tracer in both healthy rats and rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Materials and Methods: The methods included inducing CRF by feeding rats with food that containing 0.75% adenine. Both the rats in the control and CRF group received an intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg CaCl2 mixed with 0.5 mg/kg 42Ca for over 2 minutes in order to induce hypercalcemia. Blood samples, urine, and feces were collected for Ca kinetics and metabolism testing before and 24 hours after the injection. Results: Peak blood Ca levels were presented at 5 minutes in both groups but returned to baseline levels differently: within 3 hours in the CRF group and 1 hour in the control group. 24-hour hypercalciuria and a higher weight-corrected fecal Ca loss were consistently detected in the CRF rats before and after the injection, along with a decrease in the percent fractional Ca absorption and true fractional calcium absorption compared to the control group. The increased fecal Ca in the CRF rats primarily resulted from changes in decreased absorption rate, which indirectly lead to an increase in endogenous fecal Ca (EFC). Body weightcorrected EFC levels in the CRF group were significantly higher than those in the control group (207.58 ± 107.18 mg/kg/day vs. 62.44 ± 20.49 mg/kg/day). In addition, EFC was 22.6% and 26.02% of the total fecal Ca in the CRF group and the control group. Conclusion: These results may be useful in the evaluation of calcium metabolism and may have important implications for stable isotopes that are widely used in exploring calcification studies in the CRF.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the cognitive and affective status in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jakovljevic ◽  
Vojkan Nestorovic ◽  
Mirjana Dejanovic ◽  
Zoran Bukumiric ◽  
Aleksandar Jakovljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Simple Reaction Time ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. Hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure, suffer from affective dysfunction to a variable extent. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cognitive and affective status in patients before and after hemodialysis. Apart from this, the goal of the study was to examine and compare the cognitive status of patients on dialysis in relation to the control group, but also in relation to laboratory parameters. Material and Methods. This research was a prospective study including 30 hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure treated at the Department of Nephrology of the Health Center in Kosovska Mitrovica. The cognitive status of the subjects was evalueted by determining the simple reaction time to auditory and visual stimuli before and after hemodialysis sessions and using the Mini Mental Status Examination, while the affective status was evalueted by using the Beck Depression Inventory. Results. The analysis of the obtained results showed a statistically significantly lower auditory and visual simple reaction times (p = 0.014) after dialysis (p = 0.023). The results have confirmed a statistically significantly decreased simple reaction time to visual stimuli (p = 0.001), while a statistical significance (p = 0.137) was not obtained for the auditory stimuli when compared to the control group. The Mini Mental Status Examination and the Beck Depression Inventory did not indicate a significant cognitive status damage or presence of depression. Conclusion. The importance of hemodialysis in the improvement of cognitive function is clearly evident, even though the general state of cognitive status in patients on hemodialysis is lower compared to the healthy population. Evaluation of the cognitive and affective status using simple reaction time, Folstein?s Mini Mental State Examination and the Beck Depression Inventory, should be used on daily basis in hemodialysis patients.

ANTITHROMBIN III AND HEPARIN COFACTOR II IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Toulon ◽  
C Jacquot ◽  
M O Frydman ◽  
D Vignon ◽  
M Aiach
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Dermatan Sulfate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Session ◽  
Heparin Cofactor Ii ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Before And After

Anti thrombin III (AT III) and heparin cofactor II (HC II) were measured in 77 blood donors, 82 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing regular hemodialysis and 36 undialyzed patients with CRF. AT III was measured as heparin cofactor and HC II as dermatan sulfate cofactor using amidolytic assays.The results (mean ± SD expressed in percentage of the in pooled normal plasma) are summurized in the table.Subnormal AT III levels were found in both dialyzed and undialyzed patients with CRF, while HC II was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced in dialyzed patients (12 of them were found to have HC II levels below to lowest value founded in our control group: 68 %).In order to explain this decrease of HC II level in dialyzed patients with CRF, we compared both AT III and HC II activities before and after a dialysis session in 24 patients (12 with a low and 12 with normal before dialysis HC II activity). AT III and HC II increased significantly (p < 0.01) in all patients after dialysis. When related to total plasma proteins in order to suppress the influence of hemoconcentration induced by dialysis, AT III decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the 24 patients while HC II increased significantly (p < 0.01) only in patients with low before dialysis HC II levels (the increase in HC II activity was found significantly in the pooled 24 patients).

scholarly journals EFFECTIVE PSYCHEDUCATION TO REDUCE ANXIETY AND INCREASE COMPLIANCE OF LIQUID DIETS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS DURING HEMODIALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Meylani Dewi Wowor ◽  
Ni Luh Widani ◽  
Emiliana Tjitra
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diet Compliance ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Logistic Regression Test

Background: Chronic kidney failure (chronic renal failure) is a chronic disease that causes disruption of kidney function, so it requires kidney replacement therapy with long-term hemodialysis that must comply with fluid diets and can cause anxiety. Aims: Research to assess the effect of nursing psychoeducation on reducing anxiety levels and adherence to fluid diets in chronic renal failure patients with hemodialysis. Methods: The study was conducted in April-July 2018 in three private hospitals in Tomohon and Manado. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental pre-post test design with a control group of 112 respondents (82 in the intervention group and 30 in the control). Psychoeducation interventions are given according to the education module for 4 weeks, 2 times a week for a total of 8 meetings. Anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire and adherence was assessed by the End Stage Renal Disease-Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) before and after the study and weight observations at each visit. Results: Wilcoxon test results showed significant differences in anxiety levels (p <0.005) and fluid diet compliance (p <0.005) before and after the intervention. Mann Whitney test results showed no significant difference in decreasing anxiety level (p = 0.456) and increasing levels of fluid diet compliance (p = 0.495) between the intervention and control groups. The results of the ordinal logistic regression test, psychoeducation reduced anxiety levels by an OR of 6.5 times compared to the control group. The results of the binary logistic regression test, psychoeducation increased the level of adherence to the liquid diet with an OR value of 2.4 times compared to the control group. Conclusion: Psychoeducation can help reduce the level of anxiety and adherence to the fluid diet of patients with chronic renal failure with hemodialysis.

scholarly journals A comparative study between normal and chronic kidney patients during Hemodialysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-194
Author(s):  
Mehri Mirhaj Muhammadsalih ◽  
Rezhna Adil Rashid ◽  
Rowkhosh Ishaq Mekha
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Kidney Dialysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Before And After

The present study, included 71 patients (41males and 30 females), suffering from chronic renal failure, who were attending Kidney Dialysis Center of Hawler Teaching Hospital in Erbil government, and 50 healthy individuals included as a control group. The sera were separated from patients and controls blood samples subjected to hematological studies. The aim of this study was to estimate changes in various hematological parameters in chronic renal failure patients before and after hemodialysis.      The study results showed that most of the hematological parameters were changed by hemodialysis in chronic kidney disease. Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrite were found to increase post-HD. The mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration showed mild increase after hemodialysis. Leukocyte and platelet counts also showed mild increase after hemodialysis. It can be concluded that complete hematological parameters were found to increase after hemodialysis. Therefore, it is recommended that patients on hemodialysis should be investigated before and after hemodialysis to control the risk of anemia, bleeding or thrombosis.

Effect of Proportional Reduction of Sodium Intake on the Adaptive Increase in Glomerular Filtration Rate/Nephron and Potassium and Phosphate Excretion in Chronic Renal Failure in the Rat

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Espinel
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phosphate Excretion

1. The influence of dietary sodium intake on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR/nephron) and potassium and phosphate excretion was examined at three stages of progressive chronic renal failure produced in rats by sequential partial nephrectomies. 2. The adaptive increased sodium excretion per nephron in the control group receiving a constant sodium intake did not occur in the experimental group that had a gradual reduction of dietary sodium in direct proportion to the fall in GFR. 3. Despite the difference in sodium excretion, the increase in GFR/nephron, the daily variation in the amount of potassium and phosphate excreted, the increase in potassium and phosphate excretion per unit nephron, and the plasma potassium and phosphate concentrations were the same in the two groups. 4. The concept of ‘autonomous adaptation’ in chronic renal failure is presented.

Renal Osteodystrophy in Children with Chronic Renal Failure: An Unexpectedly Common and Incapacitating Complication

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony C. Hsu ◽  
Sang Whay Kooh ◽  
Donald Fraser ◽  
William A. Cumming ◽  
Victor L. Fornasier
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Osteodystrophy ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Growth Zone ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Before And After ◽  
End Stage

The incidence, age at onset, and progression of the biochemical, radiographic, and histologic characteristics of renal osteodystrophy were studied in 50 children in whom chronic renal failure had been recently diagnosed. During a ten-year observation period, 19 patients progressed to end-stage renal failure and radiographic signs of renal osteodystrophy developed in 15 of these (79%). Renal osteodystrophy developed in all nine patients whose chronic renal failure was diagnosed before 3 years of age and in six of the ten children with later onset of failure. The mean interval from diagnosis of renal failure to development of osteodystrophy was 1.4 years. Radiographically, growth zone lesions predominated in the younger children, whereas cortical erosions were more prevalent in the older children. Histologic examination, performed in 38 patients, showed both defective mineralization and excessive resorption and was a more sensitive diagnostic index than radiography. Noticeable deformities developed in one third of the patients with osteodystrophy, despite medical treatment including vitamin D2 therapy. Deformities were particularly frequent and Severe in patients whose renal failure developed in infancy. In all 13 patients whose growth patterns were studied before and after osteodystrophy developed, the onset of bone lesions was associated with a deterioration of growth, indicating that osteodystrophy plays a major role in causing the growth retardation commonly observed in children with chronic renal failure.

scholarly journals ROLE OF CARDIAC MARKERS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Thanna ◽  
B K Agarwal ◽  
Rakesh Romday ◽  
Neha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are known as important reasons of the increased morbidity and mortality observed in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The association of serum Interlukin-6 , homocysteine as well as other cardiovascular risk factors in relation to existence and cause of CVD were investigated. Method: In this study 200 CRF patients were recruited and further stratified into group with Male and Female as case groups. Those without renal failure were assigned as control group (n=200). Results: The patients with CRF showed a significant increase in plasma levels of Cpk-MB homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to control. The positive association were observed between homocysteine, Urea and Hs-CRP, IL_6 . It shows a significant Association of parameters in CRF . Conclusion: The results demonstrated elevation in plasma values IL-6 , homocysteine and HS-CRP in patients with CRF . However, these modifications may be lead to atherosclerosis and consequence CVD event. These parameters may be important with respect to the high morbidity and mortality of CVD found in patients with CRF.

The Protective Effect of γ-Glutamyl l-Dopa on the Glycerol Treated Rat Model of Acute Renal Failure

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. F. Casson ◽  
D. A. Clayden ◽  
G. F. Cope ◽  
M. R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Plasma Creatinine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Urine Creatinine ◽  
Before And After

1. γ-Glutamyl l-dopa, a renal pro-drug for dopamine, was administered to rats before and after injection of glycerol, and to a control group which received water in place of glycerol. A third group of rats was given glycerol but no γ-glutamyl l-dopa. 2. The plasma creatinine in rats given γ-glutamyl l-dopa and glycerol was significantly lower than in rats receiving glycerol alone. 3. The fall in urine creatinine excretion, and polyuria, after glycerol was reduced by γ-glutamyl l-dopa and the natriuresis abolished. 4. γ-Glutamyl l-dopa given alone caused a 4000-fold increase in urine dopamine excretion, associated with a natriuresis. 5. The administration of γ-glutamyl l-dopa reduces the severity of renal failure produced by glycerol.

Stable Strontium Absorption as a Measure of Intestinal Calcium Absorption: Comparison with the Double-Radiotracer Calcium Absorption Test

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Blumsohn ◽  
Brian Morris ◽  
Richard Eastell
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Strontium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dual Tracer ◽  
Fractional Absorption

1. Stable strontium (Sr) has been proposed as an alternative to calcium (Ca) isotopes for the measurement of intestinal Ca absorption. The aim of this study was to compare the time course and fractional absorption of Ca and Sr, when both are measured using dual-tracer techniques. 2. 45Ca and Sr absorption tests were carried out on consecutive days in patients with osteoporosis (n = 10) or chronic renal failure (n = 7). Both tests were repeated in four patients with chronic renal failure after treatment with calcitriol (1 μg daily for 10 days). 3. The time course of Ca absorption was determined using the 85Sr (intravenous)/45Ca (oral) dual-tracer technique, and the time course of Sr absorption using 85Sr (intravenous)/stable Sr (oral). Oral tracers were administered on consecutive days with a test meal containing 5.3 mmol of Ca and 2.5 mmol of either stable Sr or Ca carrier. The fractional absorption of 45Ca and Sr at 6 h (FA360) and the absorption rate as a function of time were calculated by deconvolution. 4. The mean FA360 for Sr (20.2%) was lower than the mean FA360 for 45Ca (37.8%, P < 0.001, paired t-test), but the time course of Sr absorption was similar to that of Ca. There was a significant correlation between the FA360 for 45Ca and Sr, although the relationship was improved by including a quadratic term (R2 = 0.89, P < 0.001, significance of quadratic term, P < 0.05). After 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D treatment, the FA360 of stable Sr increased 4.29-fold, whereas the FA360 of 45Ca increased only 2.4-fold. 5. Although the fractional absorption of Sr determined by dual-tracer deconvolution was the best predictor of FA360 for 45Ca, little was lost by confining the analysis to a single serum Sr measurement taken 3 h or more after oral administration. 6. We conclude that Sr absorption is qualitatively similar to that of Ca, although absorption of Sr is much lower than that of Ca. Furthermore, the relationship does not appear to be linear. Stable Sr may be useful in place of Ca isotopes in the routine clinical evaluation of Ca absorption.

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