Solvothermal Synthesis of CdS Nanorods: Role of Basic Experimental Parameters

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuja Datta ◽  
Soumitra Kar ◽  
Jay Ghatak ◽  
Subhadra Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
Solvothermal Process ◽  
Filling Fraction ◽  
Cds Nanorods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Crystalline Nature

CdS nanorods with varying dimensions were synthesized by solvothermal process. It was observed that the anions present with the Cd-salts play an important role in determining the dimensions of the CdS nanorods. The crystalline nature of the sources was found to play a crucial role in determining the phase of the products. The nature of the sulfur source, molar ratio of the precursors, filling fraction of the solvent, and the synthesis temperature play important role in defining the size and shape of the products. By controlling the experimental parameters it was possible to control the dimension of the CdS nanorods within a certain range (diameter of the nanorods could be varied within a wide range from ∼7 to 100 nm by varying the temperature within 100–250 °C). Optical absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman studies of these samples were carried out to characterize the CdS nanorods.

Biomolecule Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Chainlike Network of Silver Sulfide Nanostructures

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 986-992
Author(s):  
Subhajit Biswas ◽  
Subhadra Chaudhuri
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Silver Sulfide ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Complexing Agent ◽  
Sulfur Source ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Experimental Parameters

A L-cysteine assisted hydrothermal route has been utilized for the growth of Ag2S nanostructures with chainlike network. It was observed that the experimental parameters such as the synthesis temperature and variation in the molar ratio of the anionic and cationic precursors play critical role in determining the morphology and crystal structure of the products. X-ray diffraction study revealed the formation of monoclinic acanthite Ag2S. L-cysteine was acting as complexing agent as well as sulfur source. The branching fractal morphology was explained through Cayley tree model and structure of L-cysteine.

The Control of the Reactions of Strontium Hexaferrite Formation by the Molar Ratio of Precursors

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 471-472
Author(s):  
S.A. Seyyed Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
Strontium Oxide ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Temperature Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Thermal Analysis Techniques

Strontium hexaferrite is one of the very important categories of magnetic materials with a wide range applications. One of the very critical parameters in the high temperature method of production of this material is molar ratio of iron oxide to strontium oxide. Although there could be found some reports on the effect of this parameter on the physical properties of the material in the literature but there are very few investigations about the role of this factor on the reactions occurred in the process. In this work the effect of different molar ratios of precursors on the reactions carried out for processing of strontium hexaferrite have been investigated by using thermal analysis techniques such as DTA/TG. Furthermore, the microstructure and the powder and bulk magnetic properties of the products have been studied by SEM, VSM and permeameter.

scholarly journals Maslinic Acid Nanoparticles: A Drug to Carry Others

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Pablo Graván ◽  
Aixa Aguilera-Garrido ◽  
Marta Medina-O’Donell ◽  
Andrés Parra ◽  
María J. Gálvez-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Maslinic Acid ◽  
Phase Volume Ratio ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Therapeutic Activities ◽  
Harmful Effects

Maslinic acid (MA), a triterpene widely found in natural sources, is a compound which is gaining interest due to its multiple therapeutic activities and its lack of harmful effects. However, MA is practically insoluble in water, which limits its clinical application. Here, we present a solvent displacement method to produce MA Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) as a nanoplatform to carry hydrophobic drugs. A systematic study of the experimental parameters that may have some influence on the colloidal characteristics of MA SLNs was carried out. The effect of the aqueous/organic phase volume ratio and the organic phase composition on the size of SLNs evidence the role of the solvent diffusivity on the colloidal characteristic of the SLNs. On the other hand, the effect of surfactant/MA ratio proved the relevance of the surfactant on stabilizing the SLNs interface, owing to the changes on the interfacial tension that it promotes. MA SLNs have proved to be highly stable over time and in a wide range of pH and salinity conditions, as well as having a high curcumin encapsulation efficiency. The MA SLNs prepared in this work provide a starting point to develop functionalized active nanocarriers which allow establishing a synergistic relation with the loaded drug.

Particle Erosion Measurements on Metals

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Young ◽  
A. W. Ruff
Keyword(s):  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Erosive Wear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Impingement Angle ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Nickel Base

A method being used to measure the erosive wear of metals at different temperatures and under controlled environmental conditions is described. A commercial apparatus has been modified that can be used for tests at 500°C and above and over a wide range of particle types, sizes, velocities, and concentrations. Test results from several iron and nickel base alloys are presented. Particular interest has been placed in the role of the oxide scale, in the particle velocity dependence and the impingement angle dependence of erosion rates, as well as the effect of varying particle concentration in the stream. Reproducibility among the tests of about 10 percent can be realized if care is exercised with regard to several important experimental parameters.

Role of Mg-B-O Nanostructural Inhomogenities on the Performance of Superconducting MgB2

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Tetiana Prikhna ◽  
Michael Eisterer ◽  
Wolfgang Gawalek ◽  
Vladimir Sokolovsky ◽  
Artem Kozyrev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Current ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Ac Loss ◽  
Magnesium Boride ◽  
Pinning Centers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Ti Addition

Auger and SEM studies show that with increasing of MgB2 manufacturing temperature from 600÷800 °C to 1050÷1100 °C the Mg-B-O nanolayers which are present in the MgB2 matrix transform into distinct dispersed Mg-B-O inclusions. On the other hand the sizes of inclusions of higher magnesium borides (MgBx, x=7 ÷ 25) which are also present in the MgB2 matrix. The tendency is observed in a wide range of synthesis pressures (0.1 MPa-2 GPa). The described structural transformations are accompanied by an increase in critical current density, jc, in low and medium magnetic fields and by transition from the grainboundary to the point pinning. The Ti addition results in a further increase in jc due to: Ti promotes the formation of higher magnesium boride inclusions and localization (or segregation) of oxygen in MgB2 matrix, and, hence, facilitates the formation of a homogeneous MgB2 matrix with lower oxygen content, but with an increased number of Mg-B-O and MgBx pinning centers. At low synthesis temperature Ti absorbs hydrogen forming titanium hydrides, thus preventing the formation of MgH2 and provides the material densification. The positive effect of Ti addition is connected with the high ability of Ti to absorb hydrogen, oxygen, and magnesium. The results of the critical current and AC loss study by transformer method using rings from MgB2 are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Hydrodynamics, Li+ Addition and Transformation Kinetics on the Formation of Plate-Like {001} Calcite Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Nives Matijaković Matijaković Mlinarić ◽  
Jasminka Kontrec ◽  
Branka Njegić Njegić Džakula ◽  
Giuseppe Falini ◽  
Damir Kralj
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Ultrasound Irradiation ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Transformation Kinetics ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Mechanical Stirring ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of

Plate-like calcite crystals with expressed unstable {001} planes are interesting research model for investigations of interfacial interactions of different additive molecules, but also the crystal growth mechanisms. The aim of this study is to reproducibly prepare a significant amount of well-defined plate-like calcite crystals and to investigate the critical experimental parameters. Thus, in precipitation system c(NaHCO3) = c(CaCl2) = 0.1 mol dm−3, the influence of hydrodynamic parameters (mode of mixing of the reaction components) and a presence of lithium ions Li+ within a wide range of concentrations, 0.0 mol dm−3 < c(Li+) < 1.0 mol dm−3, have been studied. In addition, the kinetics of the solution mediated transformation of the initially formed metastable polymorph, vaterite, were followed in order to reproducibly describe the formation of stable calcite with expressed unstable morphology. The results indicate that the plate-like calcite is formed predominantly when the ultrasound irradiation is applied at c(Li+) ≥ 0.3 mol dm−3. On the other hand, when the magnetic and mechanical stirring are applied at higher Li+ concentrations, truncated rhombohedral crystals in a mixture with plate-like crystals are obtained. It was also found that the Li+ addition significantly prolonged the transformation, mainly by inhibiting the crystal growth of calcite.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Introduction: Emotion, History and the Arts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sullivan ◽  
Marie Louise Herzfeld-Schild
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
Carson Mccullers ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Review Section ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Johan Huizinga

This introduction surveys the rise of the history of emotions as a field and the role of the arts in such developments. Reflecting on the foundational role of the arts in the early emotion-oriented histories of Johan Huizinga and Jacob Burkhardt, as well as the concerns about methodological impressionism that have sometimes arisen in response to such studies, the introduction considers how intensive engagements with the arts can open up new insights into past emotions while still being historically and theoretically rigorous. Drawing on a wide range of emotionally charged art works from different times and places—including the novels of Carson McCullers and Harriet Beecher-Stowe, the private poetry of neo-Confucian Chinese civil servants, the photojournalism of twentieth-century war correspondents, and music from Igor Stravinsky to the Beatles—the introduction proposes five ways in which art in all its forms contributes to emotional life and consequently to emotional histories: first, by incubating deep emotional experiences that contribute to formations of identity; second, by acting as a place for the expression of private or deviant emotions; third, by functioning as a barometer of wider cultural and attitudinal change; fourth, by serving as an engine of momentous historical change; and fifth, by working as a tool for emotional connection across communities, both within specific time periods but also across them. The introduction finishes by outlining how the special issue's five articles and review section address each of these categories, while also illustrating new methodological possibilities for the field.

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

Quantitative and Qualitative Methods of Studying the Processes of Socialization of a Modern Teenager

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Svetlana Alekseevna Raschetina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Family ◽  
Making Friends ◽  
Main Support

Relevance and problem statement. Modern unstable society is characterized by narrowing the boundaries of controlled socialization and expanding the boundaries of spontaneous socialization of a teenager based on his immersion in the question arises about the importance of the family in the process of socialization of a teenager in the conditions of expanding the space of socialization. There is a need to study the role of the family in this process, to search, develop and test research methods that allow us to reveal the phenomenon of socialization from the side of its value characteristics. The purpose and methodology of the study: to identify the possibilities of a systematic and anthropological methodology for studying the role of the family in the process of socialization of adolescents in modern conditions, testing research methods: photo research on the topic “Ego – I” (author of the German sociologist H. Abels), profile update reflexive processes (by S. A. Raschetina). Materials and results of the study. The study showed that for all the problems that exist in the family of the perestroika era and in the modern family, it acts for a teenager as a value and the first (main) support in the processes of socialization. The positions well known in psychology about the importance of interpersonal relations in adolescence for the formation of attitudes towards oneself as the basis of socialization are confirmed. Today, the frontiers of making friends have expanded enormously on the basis of Internet communication. The types of activities of interest to a teenager (traditional and new ones related to digitalization) are the third pillar of socialization. Conclusion. The “Ego – I” method of photo research has a wide range of possibilities for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the socialization process to identify the value Pillars of this process.

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