Antarctic Freshwater Microalga, Micractinium simplicissimum, Suppresses Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4098-4103
Author(s):  
Hae-Jung Chae ◽  
Jong Bae Seo ◽  
Sung-Hak Kim ◽  
Ei Joung Youn ◽  
Sanghee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Inflammation mediated by the innate immune system is the organism’s protective mechanism against infectious environmental risk factors. Uncontrolled acute inflammation can become chronic, contributing to various chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, asthma, autoimmune diseases, and atherosclerosis. Although microalgae are increasingly receiving attention as a source of bioactive molecules with therapeutic potential for various human diseases, the underlying mechanisms are not yet well understood. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities of ethanol extracts of Antarctic freshwater microalga Micractinium simplicissimum. Using RAW 264.7 macrophages, microalgal extracts exerted anti-inflammatory activity by regulating the major inflammatory indicators including cyclooxy-genase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO). Besides, we observed the anti-aging activity of the microalgal extract by suppressing MMP-1 production in human dermal fibroblast. Taken together, these data suggest that anti-inflammatory and anti-aging activities of Antarctic freshwater microalga, Micractinium simplicissimum, can provide new clues to understanding the molecular link between inflammation and diseases, and be a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Ana C. Gonçalves ◽  
Ana R. Costa ◽  
José D. Flores-Félix ◽  
Amílcar Falcão ◽  
Gilberto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Volatile Terpenes and Terpenoids from Forests for Inflammatory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taejoon Kim ◽  
Bokyeong Song ◽  
Kyoung Sang Cho ◽  
Im-Soon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Respiratory Inflammation ◽  
Volatile Terpenes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Forest trees are a major source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Terpenes and terpenoids are known as the main BVOCs of forest aerosols. These compounds have been shown to display a broad range of biological activities in various human disease models, thus implying that forest aerosols containing these compounds may be related to beneficial effects of forest bathing. In this review, we surveyed studies analyzing BVOCs and selected the most abundant 23 terpenes and terpenoids emitted in forested areas of the Northern Hemisphere, which were reported to display anti-inflammatory activities. We categorized anti-inflammatory processes related to the functions of these compounds into six groups and summarized their molecular mechanisms of action. Finally, among the major 23 compounds, we examined the therapeutic potentials of 12 compounds known to be effective against respiratory inflammation, atopic dermatitis, arthritis, and neuroinflammation among various inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, the updated studies support the beneficial effects of forest aerosols and propose their potential use as chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for treating various inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Targeting MAPK/NF-κB Pathways in Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Rutaecarpine: Impact on Src/FAK-Mediated Macrophage Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Thanasekaran Jayakumar ◽  
Kao-Chang Lin ◽  
Chao-Chien Chang ◽  
Chih-Wei Hsia ◽  
Manjunath Manubolu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Studies have discovered that different extracts of Evodia rutaecarpa and its phytochemicals show a variety of biological activities associated with inflammation. Although rutaecarpine, an alkaloid isolated from the unripe fruit of E. rutaecarpa, has been exposed to have anti-inflammatory properties, the mechanism of action has not been well studied. Thus, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms of rutaecarpine (RUT) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. RUT reserved the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-1β in the LPS-induced macrophages. RUT showed an inhibitory effect on the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and it also inhibited nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) by hindering IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. The phospho-PI3K and Akt was concentration-dependently suppressed by RUT. However, RUT not only suggestively reduced the migratory ability of macrophages and their numbers induced by LPS but also inhibited the phospho-Src, and FAK. Taken together, these results indicate that RUT participates a vital role in the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory processes in RAW 264.7 macrophages and that the mechanisms involve PI3K/Akt and MAPK-mediated downregulation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Notably, reducing the migration and number of cells induced by LPS via inhibiting of Src/FAK pathway was also included to the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RUT. Therefore, RUT may have potential benefits as a therapeutic agent against chronic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Gonçalves ◽  
Ana R. Costa ◽  
José D. Flores-Félix ◽  
Amílcar Falcão ◽  
Gilberto Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Ags Cells ◽  
Cellular Models ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cherries have been largely investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully ex-plore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 mac-rophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric ade-nocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygen-ase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the sweet cherries incorporation in new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Polyphenol-Enriched Fraction from Acalypha wilkesiana on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtan Wu ◽  
Haiyue Pang ◽  
Yupei Chen ◽  
Lisen Huang ◽  
Huaxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Acalypha Wilkesiana ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

A polyphenol-enriched fraction (PEF) from Acalypha wilkesiana, whose leaves have been traditionally utilized for the treatment of diverse medical ailments, was investigated for the anti-inflammatory effect and molecular mechanisms by using lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced liver injury mouse model. Results showed that PEF significantly attenuated LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. PEF also reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, PEF potently inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by preventing the degradation of inhibitor κB-α (IκB-α). In vivo, PEF pretreatment ameliorated APAP-induced liver injury and hepatic inflammation, as presented by decreased hepatic damage indicators and proinflammatory factors at both plasma and gene levels. Additionally, PEF pretreatment remarkably diminished Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4 expression and the subsequent MAPKs and NF-κB activation. HPLC analysis revealed that two predominantly polyphenolic compounds present in PEF were geraniin and corilagin. These results indicated that PEF has an anti-inflammatory effect, and its molecular mechanisms may be involved in the inactivation of the TLR/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting the therapeutic potential of PEF for inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of β-Caryophyllene: A Dietary Cannabinoid in Diabetes and Associated Complications

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh ◽  
M.F. Nagoor Meeran ◽  
Charu Sharma ◽  
Bassem Sadek ◽  
Juma Al Kaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide across developed as well as developing nations. Hyperglycemia is the core feature of the type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), following insulin deficiency and impaired insulin secretion or sensitivity leads insulin resistance (IR), respectively. Genetic and environmental factors attributed to the pathogenesis of DM and various therapeutic strategies are available for the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Among the numerous therapeutic approaches, the health effects of dietary/nutraceutical approach due to the presence of bioactive constituents, popularly termed phytochemicals are receiving special interest for pharmacological effects and therapeutic benefits. The phytochemicals classes, in particular sesquiterpenes received attention because of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperglycemic effects and health benefits mediating modulation of enzymes, receptors, and signaling pathways deranged in DM and its complications. One of the terpene compounds, β-caryophyllene (BCP), received enormous attention because of its abundant occurrence, non-psychoactive nature, and dietary availability through consumption of edible plants including spices. BCP exhibit selective full agonism on cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R), an important component of endocannabinoid system, and plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism and represents the newest drug target for chronic inflammatory diseases. BCP also showed agonist action on peroxisome proliferated activated receptor subtypes, PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, the main target of currently used fibrates and imidazolidinones for dyslipidemia and IR, respectively. Many studies demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, organoprotective, and antihyperglycemic properties. In the present review, the plausible therapeutic potential of BCP in diabetes and associated complications has been comprehensively elaborated based on experimental and a few clinical studies available. Further, the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of BCP in diabetes and its complications have been represented using synoptic tables and schemes. Given the safe status, abundant natural occurrence, oral bioavailability, dietary use and pleiotropic properties modulating receptors and enzymes, BCP appears as a promising molecule for diabetes and its complications.

scholarly journals An Anti-Inflammatory 2,4-Cyclized-3,4-Secospongian Diterpenoid and Furanoterpene-Related Metabolites of a Marine Sponge Spongia sp. from the Red Sea

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Chi-Jen Tai ◽  
Chiung-Yao Huang ◽  
Atallah F. Ahmed ◽  
Raha S. Orfali ◽  
Walied M. Alarif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Superoxide Anion Generation ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Compounds

Chemical investigation of a Red Sea Spongia sp. led to the isolation of four new compounds, i.e., 17-dehydroxysponalactone (1), a carboxylic acid, spongiafuranic acid A (2), one hydroxamic acid, spongiafuranohydroxamic acid A (3), and a furanyl trinorsesterpenoid 16-epi-irciformonin G (4), along with three known metabolites (−)-sponalisolide B (5), 18-nor- 3,17-dihydroxy-spongia-3,13(16),14-trien-2-one (6), and cholesta-7-ene-3β,5α-diol-6-one (7). The biosynthetic pathway for the molecular skeleton of 1 and related compounds was postulated for the first time. Anti-inflammatory activity of these metabolites to inhibit superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLF/CB)-induced human neutrophil cells and cytotoxicity of these compounds toward three cancer cell lines and one human dermal fibroblast cell line were assayed. Compound 1 was found to significantly reduce the superoxide anion generation and elastase release at a concentration of 10 μM, and compound 5 was also found to display strong inhibitory activity against superoxide anion generation at the same concentration. Due to the noncytotoxic activity and the potent inhibitory effect toward the superoxide anion generation and elastase release, 1 and 5 can be considered to be promising anti-inflammatory agents.

An Insight into the Role of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Nitric Oxide–Induced Articular Chondrocyte Cell Death

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352097676
Author(s):  
Ekkapol Akaraphutiporn ◽  
Takafumi Sunaga ◽  
Eugene C. Bwalya ◽  
Wang Yanlin ◽  
Mwale Carol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Chondrocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Qpcr Analysis

Objective To investigate the role and characterize the molecular mechanisms regulating apoptosis and autophagy in nitric oxide (NO)–induced chondrocyte cell death. Design Cell apoptosis and autophagy were evaluated in chondrocytes treated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) combined with the presence or absence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and nutrient-deprived conditions. The concentration of nitrite was determined by Griess reaction. Activation of apoptosis and autophagy were determined by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. Flow cytometry and MTT assay were used to assess cell viability. Results Cotreatment of chondrocytes with SNP and IL-1β under nutrient-deprived condition potentially enhanced the effect of NO-induced cell death. Immunocytochemistry, Western blot, and qPCR analysis indicated that treatment of chondrocytes with SNP significantly reduced autophagic activity, autophagic flux, and multiple autophagy-related (Atg) genes expression. These findings were associated with an increase in ERK, Akt, and mTOR phosphorylation, whereas autophagy induction through mTOR/p70S6K inhibition by rapamycin significantly suppressed NO-induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 activation in response to apoptosis was weakly detected. These results corresponded with a significant increase in apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) expression, suggesting the involvement of the caspase-independent pathway. Conclusions These results demonstrate that in chondrocyte cultures with cells induced into an osteoarthritis state, NO inhibits autophagy and induces chondrocyte apoptosis mainly, but not completely through the caspase-independent pathway. Our data suggest that autophagy is a protective mechanism in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and could be proposed as a therapeutic target for degenerative joint diseases.

MAPK/AP-1-Targeted Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Xanthium strumarium

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
pp. 1111-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jahangir Hossen ◽  
Mi-Yeon Kim ◽  
Jae Youl Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Human Monocyte ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
U937 Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, is prescribed to treat arthritis, bronchitis, and rhinitis. Although the plant has been used for many years, the mechanism by which it ameliorates various inflammatory diseases is not yet fully understood. To explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of methanol extracts of X. strumarium (Xs-ME) and its therapeutic potential, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and human monocyte-like U937 cells as well as a LPS/D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced acute hepatitis mouse model. To find the target inflammatory pathway, we used holistic immunoblotting analysis, reporter gene assays, and mRNA analysis. Xs-ME significantly suppressed the up-regulation of both the activator protein (AP)-1-mediated luciferase activity and the production of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]. Moreover, Xs-ME strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 and U937 cells. Additionally, these results highlighted the hepatoprotective and curative effects of Xs-ME in a mouse model of LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury, as assessed by elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and histological damage. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that the ethnopharmacological roles of Xs-ME in hepatitis and other inflammatory diseases might result from its inhibitory activities on the inflammatory signaling of MAPK and AP-1.

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