Rapid Estimating Rumen Digestibility of Forage with Lignin Structures Based on Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1164-1174
Author(s):  
Ruonan Wang ◽  
Ruitao Sun ◽  
Fei Zheng ◽  
Kenan Tang ◽  
Dasen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
High Boiling Solvent ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Northeast Of China

The experiment was aimed to predict the relationship between rumen degradation parameters and chemical composition, especially acid detergent lignin, and molecular structure profiles of lignin (the relative content ratio of syringyl and guaiacyl unit) of twenty-two herbaceous and leguminous forage, which were commonly used as roughage for dairy cows in the northeast of China. Analyses of the spectra of forage materials' high boiling solvent lignin samples showed that common features and specific vibrations to each unique lignin were found in the spectrum. In this paper, the spectra of materials high boiling solvent lignin demonstrated absorption at the band around 1332 cm–1 (syringyl) and 1258 cm–1 (guaiacyl). The spectra indicated that the lignin of the plant materials used in this study are H-G-S type. A broad range was found among the chemical composition for each feedstuff. The degradation kinetics characteristics among feedstuffs also had relatively large range of variation. The relative content ratio of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) unit of leguminous samples positively correlated with some rumen degradation characteristics. However, there was no correlation between relative content ratio of S and G unit and degradation parameters among the herbaceous materials (p > 0.05). According to analyses, content acid detergent lignin (ADL) and relative content ratio of S and G could be the predictors of the degradation parameters expect SCP among forage. In conclusion, the relative content ratio of S and G might be potentially used to predict some of the degradation parameters (Kd CP, EDCP, SNDF) of leguminous feedstuffs.

scholarly journals Effect of substituting maize grain with cobs treated with combinations of urea and wood ash on chemical composition and in sacco degradability

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-244
Author(s):  
A. Abdulazeez ◽  
O. R. Madibela ◽  
C. M. Tsopito
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Cobs ◽  
In Sacco Degradability ◽  
In Sacco

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substituting maize grain with maize cobs treated with 25% urea (U) plus 75% wood ash (WA) on chemical composition and in sacco degradability. Maize grain was substituted with graded levels of 25U75WA in the dietary ingredients and the treatments were: 100M = 100% maize grain, 66M34C = 66% maize grain plus 34% treated maize cobs, 34M66C = 34% maize grain plus 66% treated maize cobs and 100C = 100% treated maize cobs. Samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL); they were incubated in saccofor 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs and their DM degradation kinetics described using the equation y = a + b ct (1- e- ). Results indicated that as maize grain is substituted with treated maize cobs, NDF, ADF and ADL also increased, however only the neutral detergent soluble (NDS) for treatment 100C was reduced. At 72 hrs of incubation, treatment 34M66C had the highest DM degradation, rapidly soluble fraction 'a' and potential degradability 'a+b'. It was concluded that maize cobs treated with combinations of urea and WA could substitute 66% of maize grain in sheep diets.     Une expérience a été menée pour déterminer l'effet de la substitution du grain de maïs par des épis de maïs traités avec 25 % d'urée (U) plus 75 % de cendre de bois (WA) sur la composition chimique et la dégradabilité du sac. Le grain de maïs a été remplacé par des niveaux gradués de 25U75WA dans les ingrédients alimentaires et les traitements étaient : et 100C = 100 % d'épis de maïs traités. Les échantillons ont été analysés pour la matière sèche (MS), la matière organique (MO), les cendres, les protéines brutes (CP), les fibres au détergent neutre (NDF), les fibres au détergent acide (ADF) et la lignine au détergent acide (ADL) ; ils ont été incubés dans sacco pour 6, 12, 24, 48 et 72 heures et leur cinétique de dégradation de la matière sèche décrite en utilisant l'équation y = a + b (1-e-ct). Les résultats ont indiqué que lorsque le grain de maïs est remplacé par des épis de maïs traités, NDF, ADF et ADL ont également augmenté, mais que seul le détergent neutre soluble (NDS) pour le traitement 100C a été réduit. À 72 heures d'incubation, le traitement 34M66C présentait la plus forte dégradation de MS, la fraction rapidement soluble « a » et la dégradabilité potentielle « a+b ». Il a été conclu que les épis de maïs traités avec des combinaisons d'urée et d'AO pouvaient remplacer 66% des grains de maïs dans l'alimentation des moutons.

In vitro fermentation and in situ rumen degradation kinetics of summer forage brassica plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Keim ◽  
Jaime Cabanilla ◽  
Oscar A. Balocchi ◽  
Rubén G. Pulido ◽  
Annick Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Forage Rape

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the nutrient concentration, the in vitro fermentation and the in situ rumen degradation characteristics of Brassica rapa ssp. rapa L. (turnips) and Brassica napus ssp. biennis L. (forage rape). Five varieties of each species were established in three field replicates and were organised in a randomised complete-block nested design. All varieties were harvested and further analysed for chemical composition, in vitro gas-production kinetics, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and in situ degradation kinetics of dry matter (DM) and crude protein. Turnips showed higher ash, total sugars, raffinose, sucrose, glucose and fructose concentrations (P < 0.001) than did forage rape. Turnip varieties differed in their sucrose, glucose, fructose and total soluble sugar concentration (P < 0.001), whereas rape varieties differed in their neutral detergent fibre concentration (P = 0.004) and digestible organic matter on a DM basis (P < 0.01). Regarding DM-degradation parameters, turnips had a higher soluble fraction ‘a’ (P < 0.01) and a lower insoluble, but potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ (P < 0.01) than did rape, but the fractional degradation rate ‘c’ (0.18/h) was similar to that of rape. Rates of gas production were slightly higher (P = 0.018) for turnip than for rape. No effects for brassica species nor for varieties within species were detected (P > 0.05) for total in vitro VFA production, as well as for the relative proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, branch chained VFA and the actetate:propionate ratio. Our study showed that most of the differences that were observed in terms of chemical composition and degradation kinetics did not result in differences in in vitro fermentation products.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chemical Composition and Rumen Degradation Kinetics of Three Forages: Whole Plant Barley, Whole Plant Foxtail Millet and Grass-Legume Hay

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
H. A. Lardner ◽  
R. Kumar ◽  
E. Darambazar ◽  
D. Damiran ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Whole Plant

<p>The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and <em>in situ</em> rumen degradability of whole plant barley (<em>Hordeum vulgare</em>), whole plant foxtail millet (<em>Setaria italica</em>) and smooth bromegrass (<em>Bromus inermis</em> <em>Leyss</em>)-alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa </em>L.) (grass-legume) hay, collected during a companion field grazing study. Relative to grass-legume hay, barley and millet were higher (P = 0.05) in crude protein (CP) and soluble CP, and lower (P = 0.02) in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, neutral detergent insoluble CP, and acid detergent insoluble crude protein. The potentially undegradable fraction of CP averaged 32% lower for barley and millet, compared to grass-legume hay, while CP soluble fraction was 36 and 64% higher (P &lt; 0.05) for barley and millet, respectively, than for grass-legume hay. Millet had the highest NDF degradability (P = 0.03) and grass-legume hay the least. Barley and millet had greater (P = 0.02) effective degradability of dry matter (DM), CP, and NDF than grass-legume hay. Millet had the highest (P = 0.01) degradable and lowest undegradable fractions of DM and NDF, and lowest soluble fraction of NDF and rate of CP degradation (P &lt; 0.05). Results indicate that whole plant barley and millet have greater nutritive value than grass-legume hay and may be suitable annual forages for extensive grazing.</p>

Immunostimulant activity of dry fruits and plant materials used in Indian traditional medical system for mothers after child birth and invalids

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Puri ◽  
R Sahai ◽  
Kiran L Singh ◽  
R.P Saxena ◽  
J.S Tandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical System ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Materials Used

Strength Properties and Chemical Composition of Materials Used in Weathering Steel Bridges

2013 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vit Křivý ◽  
Petr Konečný ◽  
Viktor Urban
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Real Material ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Rolled Plates

The paper deals with a statistical evaluation of the real material properties of weathering steels used for the construction of motorway bridges in the Czech Republic between 2001 and 2007. The statistical analysis and evaluation is carried out for a range of hot rolled plates made of S355J2W weathering steel. The paper contains an evaluation of the strength properties of the steel and its chemical composition. The paper also contains derived real values of partial factors of materials corresponding to the relevant reliability classes RC1 to RC3 pursuant to the European standard EN 1990.

ENRICHMENT OF FUNCTIONAL DRINKS FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS WITH PROTEINS OF GRAIN CROPS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. ПРИСТУПКО ◽  
Л.Я. РОДИОНОВА
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Complexing Ability ◽  
Functional Orientation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Pectin Substances

Разработаны рецептуры напитков функционального назначения из овощных соков с добавлением концентрата из пророщенного зерна полбы Руно . Исследована комплексообразующая способность (КС) напитка при оптимальном соотношении белка и пектина. Определен химический состав используемого сырья и энергетическая ценность готовых напитков. Установлено содержание в 100 г разработанного напитка, образец 1 и 2 соответственно: сухих веществ 8,6 и 7,2 пектиновых веществ 1,80 и 1,79 белков 3,46 и 3,40 г углеводов 10,46 и 7,87 г жиров по 0,14 г. КС образцов 1 и 2 соответственно (58 0,1) и (56 0,2) мг Pb2/мл значение pH 5,1 0,3 и 5,3 0,4. Разработанные овощные соки с мякотью, обогащенные пророщенным зерном полбы Руно , могут быть рекомендованы в качестве овощных напитков функциональной направленности. Recipes of functional drinks from vegetable juices with the addition of concentrate from sprouted grain of spelt Runo have been developed. The complexing ability of the drink with the optimal ratio of protein and pectin was studied. Was determined the chemical composition of the raw materials used and the energy value of the finished beverages. The content of 100 g of developed drinks, the samples 1 and 2, respectively: dry solids 8,6 and 7,2 pectin substances 1,80 and 1,79 proteins 3,46 and 3,40 g carbohydrates 10,46 and 7,87 g of fats in each sample of 0,14 g. The complexing ability of samples 1 and 2, respectively (58 0,1) and (56 0,2) mg Pb2/ml the pH value, respectively 5,1 0,3 and 5,3 0,4. Developed vegetable juices with pulp, enriched with sprouted grain of spelt Runo , can be recommended as vegetable drinks of a functional orientation.

scholarly journals Proliferasi Kalus dari Eksplan Hipokotil dan Kotiledon Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) pada Pemberian 2,4-D

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain ◽  
Lizawati Lizawati
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation

The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for the induction of embryogenic callus formation for in vitro propagation ofjatropha. Plant materials used were 30-days old in vitro seedlings, cut into hypocotyl and cotyledon (lower, middle and upper) sections.Medium used was MS composition supplemented with vitamins, 3% sucrose, 0.7% agar at pH 5.8 ± 1, and 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 dan5 mg l-1). Cultures were kept at temperature of 25 ± 1 0C with 50 μmol m-2 s-1 light intensity and 16-h photoperiod. The results indicated thatthe rate of callus formation depended on the source of explant, the application of 2,4-D, and the interaction of both. The fastest callusproliferation (2.33 days following initiation) was obtained on cotyledon explants cultured on medium without 2,4-D. The explant sourcesand 2,4-D concentrations also showed significant effect on the percentage of explant forming callus. The most callus formation (88.33%)was obtained on middle cotyledon cultured on 3 mg l-1 2,4-D, whereas the fewest (6.84%) was found on upper cotyledon cultured on mediumwithout 2,4-D. The colour of callus was dominated by white, light yellow, cream and brown with mostly compact structure, particularly onhypocotyl cultured on medium without 2,4-D. The texture of callus formed on hypocotyl treated with up to 4 mg l -1 2,4-D was dominatedby coarse appearance. In contrast, majority of callus proliferated on hypocotyl treated with 5 mg l -1 2,4-D or cotyledon treated with orwithout 2,4-D produced callus with smooth texture %.

scholarly journals Effects of the Harvest Stage of Maize Hybrids on the Chemical Composition of Plant Fractions: An Analysis of the Different Types of Silage

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
Valter Harry Bumbieris Junior ◽  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Secundino López
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Early Harvest

The chemical composition of plant components of three maize hybrids harvested at the beginning of six reproductive stages of maturity was compared. The hybrids evaluated included Maximus VIP3, Defender VIP and Feroz VIP, which were evaluated at each of following stages: R1 (grain formation), R2 (milky grain), R3 (pasty grain), R4 (floury grain), R5 (hard grain) and R6 (ripe grain). The advancement in maturation was linearly related to the crude protein (CP) content of the stem, whole plant, and leaves, and there was a difference among the hybrids. Between R4 and R5 stages, Maximus and Defender presented the highest CP contents for husk (6.58 and 5.42% for Maximus; 5.54 and 5.17% for Defender). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of the leaves showed a quadratic relationship with the advancement of maturation but did not differ among the hybrids. For all the hybrids, the NDF content in the husk and cobs increased linearly during the reproductive stages (>77 and 78%, respectively, for the three hybrids in R6). Defender had the lowest NDF content of the cob in R3. The acid detergent lignin contents did not differ among stages in the stems, and showed a linear decrease throughout the whole plant, though the contents did not differ among the hybrids. Due to the differences observed, recommendations for harvest based on the maturity stage for each hybrid should be taken into consideration. There seems to be no important distinction among hybrids for harvesting and use of straw. Despite the reduction in grain yield, an early harvest for earlage or snaplage can provide lower lignin content in husk and cob, as well as higher protein content in the husk, favoring the nutritional value of the vegetative fraction (husk and/or cob).

scholarly journals Elaboration and pilot testing of a technology for production of sheet rolled products of cryogenic grade steels for liquidized natural gas storing

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227
Author(s):  
I. F. Pemov ◽  
E. V. Yakushev ◽  
S. P. Zubov ◽  
A. A. Pridein ◽  
L. V. Prokopenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Cryogenic Equipment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Temperatures ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Nickel Manganese

The liquidized natural gas (LPG) as well as other liquidized gases, as oxygen, nitrogen, ethylene etc. are widely used in the today’s world economy. A perspective of LPG and liquidized gases application presented, foreign and domestic experience in production of materials, used for manufacturing tanks and reservoirs, intended for storing and transporting of LPG, considered. Influence of chemical composition of cryogenic steels on resistivity to fragile destruction at negative temperatures studied. Influence of various alloying elements, including nickel, manganese, chrome, molybdenum and other elements on operating properties of cryogenic steels were also studied. Specialists of JSC “Ural Steel” together with scientists of JSC “NPO “CNIITMASH” elaborated a comprehensive technology of industrial production of plates of cryogenic steels. Based on literature data, domestic practice of designing and manufacturing cryogenic equipment, specifications of the required application plates were elaborated and approved. The rolling of plates of wide range of thickness of pilot heat 0H6 steel was carried out. At present, the thermal treatment modes of the 0H6 steel rolled products are being adjusted.

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