scholarly journals Microphysics Regime Impacts on the Relationship between Orographic Rain and Orographic Forcing in the Coastal Mountains of Northern California

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2905-2922 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Kingsmill ◽  
Paul J. Neiman ◽  
Allen B. White
Keyword(s):  
Rain Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Orographic Enhancement ◽  
Orographic Forcing ◽  
Warm Rain Process ◽  
Bodega Bay ◽  
Rain Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study examines the impact of microphysics regime on the relationship between orographic forcing and orographic rain in the coastal mountains of Northern California using >4000 h of data from profiling Doppler radars, rain gauges, and a GPS receiver collected over 10 cool seasons. Orographic forcing is documented by hourly upslope flow, integrated water vapor (IWV), and IWV flux observed along the coast at Bodega Bay (BBY; 15 m MSL). Microphysics regime is inferred in the coastal mountains at Cazadero (CZC; 478 m MSL), where hourly periods of brightband (BB) and nonbrightband (NBB) rain are designated. BB rain is associated with a microphysics regime dominated by the seeder–feeder process while NBB rain is associated with a microphysics regime dominated by the warm-rain process. Mean BBY upslope flow, IWV, and IWV flux are ~16%, ~5%, and ~19% larger, respectively, for NBB rain compared to BB rain, while mean CZC rain rate is ~33% larger for BB rain compared to NBB rain. The orographic enhancement ratio of CZC to BBY rain rate is 3.7 during NBB rain and 2.7 during BB rain. Rain rate at CZC increases as orographic forcing at BBY increases. For a given amount of BBY orographic forcing, mean CZC rain rates are larger for BB rain compared to NBB rain. Correlation coefficients associated with the relationship between CZC rain rate and BBY orographic forcing are smaller for NBB rain relative to BB rain, but these differences are not statistically significant.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Intensity and Rainfall Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over China

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 2883-2901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifeng Yu ◽  
Yuqing Wang ◽  
Haiming Xu ◽  
Noel Davidson ◽  
Yandie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Rain Rate ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Rain Area ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Rain Rates ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTRMM satellite 3B42 rainfall estimates for 133 landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over China during 2001–15 are used to examine the relationship between TC intensity and rainfall distribution. The rain rate of each TC is decomposed into axisymmetric and asymmetric components. The results reveal that, on average, axisymmetric rainfall is closely related to TC intensity. Stronger TCs have higher averaged peak axisymmetric rain rates, more averaged total rain, larger averaged rain areas, higher averaged rain rates, higher averaged amplitudes of the axisymmetric rainfall, and lower amplitudes of wavenumbers 1–4 relative to the total rainfall. Among different TC intensity change categories, rapidly decaying TCs show the most rapid decrease in both the total rainfall and the axisymmetric rainfall relative to the total rain. However, the maximum total rain, maximum rain area, and maximum rain rate are not absolutely dependent on TC intensity, suggesting that stronger TCs do not have systematically higher maximum rain rates than weaker storms. Results also show that the translational speed of TCs has little effect on the asymmetric rainfall distribution in landfalling TCs. The maximum rainfall of both the weaker and stronger TCs is generally located downshear to downshear left. However, when environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) is less than 5 m s−1, the asymmetric rainfall maxima are more frequently located upshear and onshore, suggesting that in weak VWS environments the coastline could have a significant effect on the rainfall asymmetry in landfalling TCs.

scholarly journals Negative self-appraisal mediates the relationship between mindfulness and confidence among adolescent female provincial hockey players in South Africa

10.17159/4371 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stephen Walker
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Mental Toughness ◽  
Adolescent Female ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Mounting evidence suggests that mindfulness is positively related to athletic performance and athlete wellbeing. However, few attempts have been made to uncover the psychological processes by which mindfulness might impact performance. Objective: To determine whether negative self-appraisal mediates the relationship between mindfulness and the confidence component of mental toughness among provincial adolescent female hockey players. Methods: Provincial adolescent female hockey players (N=486) completed measures of mindfulness, mental toughness-related confidence and negative self-appraisal. Correlation coefficients were calculated between all variables included in the study. An ordinary least-squares regression analysis was performed to test the indirect effect of negative self-appraisal on the relationship between mindfulness and confidence. Results: Negative self-appraisal exhibited an indirect effect on the relationship between mindfulness and the confidence component of mental toughness (b = .06, SE = .0, CI95 = .04, .09). A subsequent Soble test confirmed that negative self-appraisal served as a statistically significant mediator (b = .06, SE = .01, Z = 5.76, p = .001) in the model. Furthermore 78.3% of the variance in the effect of mindfulness on the confidence component of mental toughness was accounted for by negative self-appraisal. Conclusion: The effect of mindfulness on the confidence component of mental toughness among adolescent athletes is mediated by negative self-appraisal. Based on the current findings, mindfulness seems to foster confidence by lessening the impact of rigid negative appraisals of one’s performance and worth as an athlete. Keywords: mindfulness, confidence, negative self-appraisal, mediation, adolescent female athlete

Perceived gender and client satisfaction in transgender voice work: comparing self and listener rating scales across a training program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sterling Quinn ◽  
Jennifer Oates ◽  
Georgia Dacakis
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Voice Training ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Participant Satisfaction ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Listener Ratings

Background/Aim: Scales used to collect perceptual ratings related to a speaker’s gender are widely used in gender affirming voice training for trans individuals. Such scales may be used as outcome measures to gain insight into whether training has helped clients meet personal goals related to gender expression. These scales are also widely used in general research investigating the relationship between vocal characteristics and perceptions of speaker gender. However, past studies in these areas have varied in the terminology used to label rating scales and the impact of this variation is currently unknown. Additionally, research has not yet fully explored the relationship between self- and listener-ratings of trans participant voices and trans participant satisfaction with voice, and whether or not these relationships change after trans participants undertake gender affirming voice training. This research paper aimed to explore these relationships and address these research gaps. Methods: A group of 34 trans participants were asked to rate their voices before and after participating in gender affirming voice training. Trans participant voice samples from before and after training were also presented to a group of 25 listeners for rating. Perceptual ratings were made on two Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) with anchors ‘very feminine/very masculine’ and ‘very female/very male’. Trans participants also rated their satisfaction with their current voice on a VAS with anchors ‘very satisfied/very unsatisfied’. Correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the relationship between collected ratings. Results: Differences in scale labels were found to have minimal impact on ratings made by both trans participants and listeners. Trans participant self-ratings were found to correlate with listener ratings, but this correlation was not strong Trans participant self-ratings had a consistently stronger relationship with their self-rated vocal satisfaction. The study contributed new findings that these differences may be more pronounced after trans participants have completed voice training. Discussion/conclusion: This study suggests that results from past studies that have used differently labelled scales to collect ratings related to gender perception based on voice are suitable to compare. This study also discusses the implications reported differences between trans participant self-ratings and listener ratings may have for research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Impact of PVC mixtures of the Electrical Conduit on the Physical Properties: تأثير خلطات البي في سي لصناعة القنوات الكهربائية على الخواص الفيزيائية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AbdelHamid M.S. Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Soft Point

The use of PVC mixtures in the manufacturing of electrical conduit has been employed for a long time along with other materials. In this study, the impact of changing the ratio of the components of the PVC mixtures on the physical properties of the electrical conduit was investigated. The emphasis was placed on three properties: Density, Tensile Strength and Soft Point. The application of the electrical conduit controls the types of materials and their percentages. Physical properties of the PVC products are the most important factors that help to choose compared with other materials. These properties change with the change of the chemical components of the PVC mixture. The study discussed how to enhance and improve these properties by controlling the proportions of some substances in the PVC mixtures. This article aims to demonstrate the strong relationship between PVC polymer, calcium and stabilizers and the physical properties of the electrical conduit. The focus concentrated on three components in the mixture and three physical properties. Random samples were taken to calculate the average percentages of the components in the mixtures. Various tools and several statistical methods were used such as correlation coefficients and scatter charts to prove the relationship between the ratios of the materials and the respective properties. The correlation coefficients between the PVC polymer, stabilizers, calcium, and the density, tensile strength, vicat soft points were (0.92, 0.83, 0.82) respectively. Decreasing the PVC polymer by (17.1%) has caused an increase in the density of the conduit by (2%). Finally, the physical properties of PVC mixtures could be improved by changing component ratios to reach the optimized mixture for the specific application, taking into account other competitive issues such as the final price of the product, environmental impact, and other issues.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF STRENGTHS USE IN THE WORKPLACE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL (PSYCAP)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu T Setyobudi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Positive Organizational Behavior ◽  
Managerial Implication ◽  
Strengths Use ◽  
Managerial Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

The positive psychology and positive organizational behavior approach has grown rapidly in the last decade. This research was designed to find the relationship between strengths use and psychological capital (PsyCap). Survey questionnaires are administered to Indonesian employee, most of them in managerial level. After that, several simple regression procedures are performed. The main finding is that the strengths used among Indonesian manager is low. The low score can be attributable to the mindset dimension of strengths use. Other finding is that, although have a positive significant correlation coefficients with PsyCap, the strengths use in the workplace is a weak predictor of PsyCap. Some discussions about the findings and managerial implication is presented.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of Quantitative and Qualitative Price-setting Attributes on a Market of Real Estate Intended for the Purpose of the Transformer Stations on the Example of Krakow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Butryn ◽  
Edward Preweda
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Price Setting ◽  
Relevant Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Standardized Regression Coefficients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Based on appraisal reports, obtained from the City Office of Krakow, there were formulated base of real estate properties on which is situated the building of transformer station or which are intended for such purpose. The base consists of 90 properties located in the administrative boundaries of the city of Krakow. Most of these properties are the plots of very small areas, mainly in the range from 30 to 70 square meters. Based on the completed database, there were conducted a statistical analysis of the relevant market the property. In order to determine the relationship between the attributes and the price of real estate, there were calculated coefficients of the Pearson complete correlation and coefficients of the Spearman correlation. The analysis showed significant differences between quantitative and qualitative correlation coefficients for some variables. In order to improve the consistency of the database, using statistical methods eliminated property turned out. Finally, the analysis considered two bases, numbering respectively 90 and 77 real estates. In the following values, there were defined standardized regression coefficients (scale 9), the partial correlation coefficients for the dependent variable (price) relative to the rest of variables and coefficients of determination. On the basis of calculations and analysis, there have been drawn conclusions on the impact of each attribute on the market prices of these unusual properties.

scholarly journals The development and outcomes of the COVID-19 disease correlate with the type of nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. Analyze the role of diet in the process of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and identify factors that correlate with a decrease in the pathogenic consequences of the COVID-19 disease. Materials and methods. The information and data required for this review were found in scientific publications and the media available on the Internet, as well as obtained from statistical databases using specific keywords, both for a single tag, and in various combinations of them. Statistical samples were managed from sources and facts available on the Internet. Results and discussion. The relationship between nutritional factors and the impact of the 15-month COVID-19 pandemic in different regions was investigated using various available statistics for five continents and 47 countries. A clear relationship was found between the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and the amount of food consumed, with correlations in the negative range r = -0.98 and r = -0.66 for plant proteins and with a correlation coefficient r = 0.92 for animal proteins. Also, excessive sugar consumption increases the severity of COVID-19 with correlation coefficients in the range of r = 0.99-0.72. Conclusions. Quantitative analysis of statistical data and an assessment of nutritional factors during the development of a 15-month pandemic in various regions showed that the severity of the infectious process of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease was aggravated by excessive consumption of sugar, fat and total protein. The number of people infected with the virus or deaths from COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants was radically lower in regions where more plant foods were consumed than products of animal origin.

Impact of air pollution in Mymensingh city of Bangladesh: focusing peoples’ perception

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
MA Mondol ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
P Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of air pollution in some selected areas of Mymensingh city. The relationship between independent variables (age, educational qualification, family size and communication exposure) with the basic idea and impact of air pollution (dependent variable) was investigated in this study. To conduct the study, two hundred (200) respondents were selected randomly from four study sites under Mymensingh city. Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were analyzed to examine the relationship between the concerned variables. The findings revealed that 87.5% people have basic idea and 12.5% people have no idea about air pollution. About half (46%) of the peoples had high impact, 34% had medium and 20% had low impact because of air pollution. Out of four independent variables, three variables such as educational qualification and communication exposure had positive and significant relationship, age had negative but significant relationship and family size had non-significant relationship with their perception and awareness of air pollution. Further assessment on different air pollutants in the study area may explore the original status of air pollution and their impact on environment as well as on livelihood. Progressive Agriculture 31 (3): 154-163, 2020

THE NPD SPEED-MARKET SUCCESS RELATIONSHIP: A META-ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1950057
Author(s):  
MURRAY R. MILLSON ◽  
DAVE WILEMON
Keyword(s):  
New Product Development ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Market Success

This study explores the relationship between new product development (NPD) process speed, as an independent variable, and the perceived market success of products resulting from these NPD processes, as a dependent variable. This is the first meta-analysis that examines the impact of NPD speed on NPD success/performance. This study extends existing research by analysing NPD speed and NPD success correlations found in papers published between 1980 and 2017. The primary research question examined in this study is “Is there a consistent, linear relationship between NPD speed and NPD success/performance across studies?”. To address this question, correlation coefficients related to the relationship between NPD speed and NPD success/performance were gathered from published journal papers. The meta-analytic data gathered during this study resulted in a total of 2,840 individual, correlational relationships. Based on a meta-analytical examination of this data, it was found that the sample data for this study did not represent a single population of correlational relationships. Research implications, limitations, and research directions are provided in this study.

scholarly journals Automated rain rate estimates using the Ka-band ARM Zenith Radar (KAZR)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1807-1833
Author(s):  
A. Chandra ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
P. Kollias ◽  
S. Matrosov ◽  
W. Szyrmer
Keyword(s):  
Rain Rate ◽  
Robust Statistics ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Ka Band ◽  
Weather Radars ◽  
Automated Algorithm ◽  
Microphysical Processes ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Rain Rates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The use of millimeter wavelength radars for probing precipitation has recently gained interest. However, estimation of precipitation variables is not straightforward due to strong attenuation, radar receiver saturation, antenna wet radome effects and natural microphysical variability. Here, an automated algorithm is developed for routinely retrieving rain rates from profiling Ka-band (35-GHz) ARM zenith radars (KAZR). A 1-D simple, steady state microphysical model is used to estimate the impact of microphysical processes and attenuation on the profiles of the radar observables at 35-GHz and thus provide criteria for identifying when attenuation or microphysical processes dominate KAZR observations. KAZR observations are also screened for saturation and wet radome effects. The proposed algorithm is implemented in two steps: high rain rates are retrieved by using the amount of attenuation in rain layers, while lower rain rates by the Ze–R (reflectivity-rain rate) relation is implemented. Observations collected by the KAZR, disdrometer and scanning weather radars during the DYNAMO/AMIE field campaign at Gan Island of the tropical Indian Ocean are used to validate the proposed approach. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can be used to derive robust statistics of rain rates in the tropics from KAZR observations.

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