scholarly journals 50 Years of Independence: Reflections on the Role of Publishing and Progressive African Intellectuals

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Bgoya
Keyword(s):  
African State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Intellectual Autonomy ◽  
International Solidarity ◽  
Intellectual Environment ◽  
African Intellectuals

In this contribution, the role of progressive African intellectuals fifty years after independence in the context of African postcolonial, political and socio-economic conditions is examined. African intellectuals have been marginalized by the African state, and progressive intellectuals have been disunited in their struggle for relevance. The possibilities for African intellectual autonomy and international solidarity are shown through a recollection of the flourishing intellectual environment and local publishing output of post-independence Tanzania. The end of that era and the demise of publishing, including in African languages, has negatively impacted African economic and intellectual emancipation and can only be addressed by international solidarity among progressive intellectuals.

scholarly journals Exploring the linguistic landscape of Cameroon: Reflections on language policy and ideology

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-324
Author(s):  
Martin Pütz
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
African State ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Public Places ◽  
African Languages ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
A Minor ◽  
British Colonies

This contribution focuses on the study of Linguistic Landscapes in the Central/Western African state of Cameroon, with particular reference to its capital, Yaoundé. Linguistic landscapes is a relatively recent area of research, and can be broadly defined as the visual representation of languages in public space. This paper will show that the field of linguistic landscapes can act as a reflection of linguistic hierarchies, ideologies and acts of resistance in multilingual and multicultural communities. At the same time, the sociolinguistic situation in the country will be investigated, which is paramount to understanding the linguistic and ideological conflicts between the anglophone minority and the francophone government. Cameroon’s linguistic landscape will be explored via the various spaces that English, French, Pidgin English, Camfranglais and, to a minor degree, indigenous African languages occupy in its sociolinguistic composition. The methodological design is quantitative in nature, involving collecting more than 600 linguistic tokens (digital photos) in various public places mainly in and around the Cameroonian capital of Yaoundé. It will be demonstrated that the deployment of languages on signs and linguistic tokens, apart from serving informative and symbolic functions for the audiences or passers-by they target, also has social and political implications in an ethnically heterogeneous and linguistically hybrid society such as Cameroon. Whereas in some other former British colonies there are indications that the public space is being symbolically constructed in order to preserve some of Africa’s indigenous languages (e.g. in Botswana, Rwanda, Tanzania), in Cameroon the linguistic landscape almost exclusively focuses on the dominant status and role of one single language, i.e. French, and to a lesser extent English, whose speakers therefore feel marginalized and oppressed by the French government.

Economic Significance of Social Capital

2011 ◽  
pp. 46-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Polishchuk ◽  
R. Menyashev
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
The Impact

The paper deals with economics of social capital which is defined as the capacity of society for collective action in pursuit of common good. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between social capital and formal institutions, and the impact of social capital on government efficiency. Structure of social capital and the dichotomy between its bonding and bridging forms are analyzed. Social capital measurement, its economic payoff, and transmission channels between social capital and economic outcomes are discussed. In the concluding section of the paper we summarize the results of our analysis of the role of social capital in economic conditions and welfare of Russian cities.

Role of International Solidarity Levy

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
Fumiko KIMURA ◽  
Kiyoko HAGIHARA ◽  
Noriko HORIE ◽  
Chisato ASAHI
Keyword(s):  
International Solidarity

Analisa Faktor Internal Penyebab NPL Kredit Mikro: Studi Kasus PT BPR Wahana Sentra Artha Majalengka

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Faisal Salistia
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Internal Condition ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Credit Analysis

The role of BPRs in providing capital assistance to MSME business units, still has to deal with the internal management of the bank's own management.  This must be understood because  one of  the factors  to assess  the health  of  a  BPR is to look at the NPL (Non- Performing Loan) ratio, calculated from the total loans that fall into the non -current category, divided by the total credit given. Where is the maximum ratio determined by Bank Indonesia, which is below 5%. This means that if  a BPR has an NPL ratio above 5%, then it can be assumed that there is a failure in implementing an inefficient and ineffective lending strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors that influence the high NPL of rural banks (BPR), especially  from  credit  lending  strategies.  In  addition,  economic conditions  and business competition and forecasting of future conditions, conduct training for AO to sharpen credit analysis, ensure that the process of submission and disbursement of credit quickly and easily provides various alternative options for debtors to pay their credit, providing standard procedure for  granting credit, conducting  a  survey of  the place of  business against the submission of business credit. The research objective is to analyze 1) the influence of BP's internal conditions on the lending strategy. 2) Analyzing the effect of Credit Giving Strategy  on Non -Performing Loans. The research method uses a survey method with a multiple linear  regression approach to obtain information on the influence of both of these. The results of the study show that 1) the internal condition of the BPR has a positive and significant effect on the lending strategy (the condition  of the organization  within the organization and formally has direct and specific implications on BPR). 2) that the lending strategy has a negative and significant effect on NPL. The lending strategy applied by BPRs is a means to control the development of credit thrown into the market by the BPR.

Strategizing food security: Natural and economic environment for the agricultural sector's advancement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1034-1052
Author(s):  
Denis Yu. SAMYGIN
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Production Conditions

Subject. This article examines the impact of the natural and economic conditions and factors of Russia's regions on the development of agriculture. Objectives. The article aims to assess the role of climate forcing in the development of agriculture. Methods. For the study, I used the binning technique. An author-developed spatial database of Russia's regions for 2017–2019 was used as an information resource. The cadastral value of one hectare of agricultural land was used as an analytical expression of the natural and economic conditions of business activities. Results. The article describes a directly proportional dependence of and relationships between natural-and-economic conditions and achieved results in the production and consumption of quality products per capita. Conclusions. It is advisable to increase the amount of government support for regions with unfavorable production conditions, develop the competitive potential of the majority of farms in relation to products that are profitable for producers and consumers.

EXPORT-ORIENTED STRATEGY OF DEVELOPMENT MAKING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES’ PROFITABLE ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
АNDRII SAVITSKYI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Export Orientation ◽  
Manufacturing Activity ◽  
Foreign Trade Activity ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Intensive Growth

The essence of separate elements of export-oriented strategy of development making in management of profitable activity of industrial enterprises has been researched. The main tendencies of foreign economic activity of national enterprises under the conditions of integration processes have been underlined. The role of macroeconomic and regional institutions that deals with foreign trade activity of industrial enterprises has been studied. The main possibilities that are given for national manufactures with integration processes in the sphere of export activity have been formed. Aspects of extensive and intensive growth of industrial enterprises on the basis of strengthening their export orientation have been characterized. The essence of export-oriented strategy of development from the basic scientific views has been researched. The connection between export-oriented strategy of development and profitability has been actualized. The meaning of transformation changes of economy under the influence of integration stages through the activity of industrial enterprises and its export-oriented strategy making have been detailed. The dependence of economic conditions of integration cycles, complexity of levels of export-oriented strategy of development and management of enterprise’s profitable activity has been emphasized. There were proposed macro- and micro-levels of management that are aimed to study demands of external environment and implement its aspects to the operating and manufacturing activity of export-oriented enterprises’ performance. The importance of macro- and micro-levels of management for starting the process of making export-oriented strategy of development in order to increase the enterprise’s profitability has been detailed and presented in structure that provided and intensified by direct and returned feedback.

scholarly journals Irrigation technology in South Africa and Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2218-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Câmara Monteiro ◽  
Jokastah Wanzuu Kalungu ◽  
Rubens Duarte Coelho
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nongovernmental Organization ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Irrigation Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
Modern Technologies

This paper reviews various irrigation technologies in both South Africa and Kenya that enable improvements in their socio-economic conditions. The two countries are located in semi-arid areas that experience extreme fluctuations in the availability of rain water for plant growth. Population growth exceeds the ability to produce food in numerous countries around the world and the two countries are not an exception. This experiment examined the constraints that farmers face and the role of government and nongovernmental organization in the uptake of modern technologies for irrigation. Detailed mechanisms and options to secure sustainable irrigation which are economically viable are considered. Despite the higher production of cereals and grains, fruits, and flowers also thrive in the two countries. Total irrigated area, crops grown and irrigation systems used in the two countries are discussed.

Why Countries ‘Get Tough on the Work-Shy’: The Role of Adverse Economic Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 615-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLO KNOTZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Large N ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Historical Periods

AbstractThere has been a clear trend toward greater conditionality and coercion in labour market and social policy in recent decades, a key part of which is tougher sanctions for unemployment benefit claimants who refuse offers of employment or otherwise fail to comply with their obligations. Our understanding of this trend and its determinants is so far built only on a corpus of small-N evidence, while systematic comparative large-N analyses are lacking. As a result, the broad patterns of policy change and their general political drivers remain underexplored. This paper fills this gap by examining unemployment benefit sanction reforms in 20 democracies between 1980 and 2012 using an original dataset. It is shown that governments introduce tougher sanctions in order to reconcile two competing pressures that arise during economic downturns: an increased need for social protection and reduced fiscal revenues. The findings, which are also applicable to other historical periods and policy areas, provide an impulse for future comparative large-N research on ‘demanding activation’ policies.

scholarly journals Accessing the Danish Labour Market: On the Coexistence of Legal Barriers and Enabling Factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Liv Bjerre ◽  
Michelle Pace ◽  
Somdeep Sen
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Labour Rights ◽  
Legal Barriers ◽  
First Mover

AbstractHistorically, Denmark was a “first-mover” as a signatory to liberal international humanitarian laws and conventions, especially with regard to refugees. Yet, in recent years Denmark has cherished the role of a different kind of “first mover” – namely as hardliner when it comes to immigration policies. This is evident in the existent political discourse and restrictive immigration policies personified not least in the number of times Denmark has altered (and tightened) immigration regulations. Yet, we demonstrate that, while “barriers” exist in terms of entering Denmark, the Danish labour market structure is such that it ends up facilitating refugees’ integration and legally protecting their labour rights. To be sure, this protection is a way of guaranteeing the rights of Danish workers who would adversely be affected by the proliferation of an unregulated labour market where refugees are compelled to work under worse legal and economic conditions. However, the Danish case ends up being one where, counterintuitively, legal barriers (to entering the labour market) coexist alongside enabling factors (legal guarantees) of refugees’ rights.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI DIFERENSIAL DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MEMBELI ATAU MEMBUAT SENDIRI PRODUK SETENGAH JADI PADA UD. BERKAT ANUGERAH

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phamela D Tampubolon ◽  
David Paul Elia Saerang ◽  
Agus Toni Poputra
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Management Measure ◽  
The Cost

Amid competition is so rapid and uncertain economic conditions, every company is required to be more efficient in order tobe more efficient in orderto survive and all of it can not be separated from the role of management.  Management measure which is occupied to measure the success or failure of the company is profit. To produce an efficient profit differential accounting information requires management to select the best course of action among alternatives available. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of differential accounting information in the decision to buy or make your own semi-finished products on UD. Berkat Anugerah. This study uses a descriptive research method. The result of the analysis of research conducted on UD. Berkat Anugerah seen from the cost accounting showed diferential role in the short-term decision making, where the company should buy semi-finished products from third party cost incurred due to lower than producing its own.

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