Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (11) ◽  
pp. 863-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Yagoda ◽  
Joseph Stavola ◽  
Charlotte Steinberg ◽  
Robert Ward ◽  
Jacqueline Jones
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
Effective Role

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been shown to be a rapid, relatively safe, and relatively noninvasive diagnostic procedure. Theoretically, BAL can be performed on all children hospitalized for pneumonia resistant to oral antibiotics, though practically and economically, this is not feasible. A 1-year retrospective review was conducted to define a cost-effective role for BAL in the management of hospitalized children with resistant pneumonia. The data revealed identification of at least one pathogen in 87% of sputum samples and in 95% of BAL specimens. Sputum samples provided the same information as the more invasive BAL technique in 60% of patients who had both sputum and BAL obtained for culture. Recommendations are made for the use of BAL as a diagnostic tool in the hospitalized child with resistant pneumonia.

scholarly journals Optometric Care of the Patient with Diabetes 2008: A Core Document of the Canadian Association of Optometrists

2008 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Koltun
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Healthcare Burden ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
Effective Role

The objective of this document is to provide the reader with an overview of the epidemic of diabetes currently facing Canada and the morbidity and mortality associated with this growing healthcare burden. Specifically, an evidence based, patient centered, cost effective role of the optometrist in the eye care of Canadians with diabetes will be presented.

scholarly journals The cost effective role of Eschmarch tourniquet and psychosocial awareness of disease as a key factor in decompressive therapy of filarial lymphedema

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2895
Author(s):  
Arun Y. Mane ◽  
Narendra G. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Secondary Lymphedema ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pitting Edema

Background: The filiariasis is the most common cause of secondary lymphedema of the lower limb. Due to poor awareness of this disease in the people of the lower socioeconomic strata, the patient understands the importance of conservative modality of therapy very late. The cutaneous changes and its complications develop in patient due to unawareness about the nature of noncurable progressive disease. The self-negligence to their own limb also contributes to increase in the morbidity of the disease. The article discusses about cost effective role of Eschmarch tourniquet as a decompressive therapy. The disease causes socioeconomic impairments, stigmatization due to elephantiasis and job insecurity due to cosmetic and functional disability.Methods: This was a retrospective study done in 28 cases of filarial lymphedema. All patients received limb elevation and decompressive therapy by Eschmarch tourniquet.Results: Out of 28 cases, 14 cases in study group of filarial lymphedema with pitting edema (71.42%) and non-pitting edema feet with minimal cutaneous changes (28.57%) showed significant reduction in size of limb girth and satisfactory fluctuating limb girth during the follow up period in OPD respectively, by adequate limb elevation, elastic stockinet and decompressive therapy by Eschmarch tourniquet as compared to the remaining 14 patients of control who received only limb elevation. The better follow up results are noticed by proper guidance to the patient about the disease and its conservative modality of treatment.Conclusions: It is a challenge for the treating consultant to create early awareness about the nature of the filarial disease and early guidance about the conservative treatment which helps to restrict the rapid growth of limb size in filiariatic lymphedema. The eschmarch tourniquet is one of the cost effective decompressive therapy. 

scholarly journals Effective Role of Village Health Volunteers (VHVs) in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergencies in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Phannathat Tanthanapanyakorn ◽  
Tammasak Saykaew ◽  
Pravi Ampant ◽  
Klarnarong Wongpituk
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
Current Events ◽  
Village Health Volunteers ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Village Health

This study included a discussion of the critical role VHVs played in the control, prevention, and monitoring of the Covid-19 pandemic in Thailand, as well as a review of related literature, with 11 of 59 topics chosen. The purpose of this study was to investigate and improve VHV competence in the control, prevention, and monitoring of the Covid-19 pandemic. The outcomes of the study indicated that VHVs were important in efficiently managing, preventing, and monitoring the Covid-19 pandemic from 2020 until the present. As a result, in addition to maximizing the potential of VHVs, it is important to be varied, knowledgeable, and up to date on current events. However, the most cost-effective utilization of resources is referred to as "Sufficiency Healthcare, High Benefit, Most Economical" when utilizing the concepts of sufficiency economics.

scholarly journals The Role of Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy and a Computed Tomography Scan (Nose and PNS) in the Assessment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Comparative Evaluation of the Two Techniques

Sinusitis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Karthika Nathan ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Majhi ◽  
Rohit Bhardwaj ◽  
Ankur Gupta ◽  
Sabarirajan Ponnusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Nasal Endoscopy ◽  
Symptom Criteria ◽  
Tomography Scan

Introduction: The objective components of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) diagnosis require confirmatory findings from either diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) or a computed tomography (CT) scan. Chronic rhinosinusitis affects a significant population worldwide, imposing a huge toll on the human economy as well as on quality of life. Thus, it is particularly important to define a cost-effective and easily available diagnostic tool for it. Hence, we have conducted this study with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of DNE in comparison with CT for evaluating CRS. Material and Methods: Eighty participants fulfilling the diagnostic symptom criteria of CRS underwent CTs of their noses and paranasal sinuses (PNS) and DNE. Standard Lund–Mackay and Lund–Kennedy scores were awarded to all participants based on the CT and DNE. A comparative analysis was done. Results: DNE in comparison to CT had 92.31% sensitivity, 73.33% specificity, 93.75% positive predictive value, 68.75% negative predictive value, and 88.75% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: We suggest that nasal endoscopy be used as an early diagnostic tool in the clinical assessment of suspected CRS patients (based on the diagnostic symptom criteria). DNE helps to decrease the usage of CT, thereby decreasing cost and radiation exposure. Computed tomography may be added for patients having anatomical defects (affecting endoscopic visualization) or refractory disease, and where surgery has been planned.

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

Reforming the Role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Advancing Democratic Principles and Human Rights in African Countries: An Examination Using the Lens of Swaziland/ eSwatini

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Sarkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Limited Compliance ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
African Commission

This article explores the role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the role it plays regarding human rights in individual country situations in Africa. It specifically examines the extent to which it has been able to advance a human rights agenda in countries with long-standing human rights problems. The article uses Swaziland/ eSwatini as a lens to examine the matter, because of the longstanding problems that exist in that country. This is done to indicate how the institution works over time on a country’s human rights problems. The article examines a range of institutional structural matters to establish how these issues affect the role of the Commission in its work. The article examines the way in which the Commission uses its various tools, including its communications, the state reporting processes, fact-finding visits, and resolutions, to determine whether those tools are being used effectively. The article examines how the Commission’s processes issues also affect it work. Issues examined negatively affecting the Commission are examined, including problems with the status of its resolutions and communications, limited compliance with its outcomes, and inadequate state cooperation. Reforms necessary to enhance to role and functions of the Commission are surveyed to determine how the institution could become more effective. The African Union’s (AU|) Kagame Report on AU reform is briefly reviewed to examine the limited view and focus of AU reform processes and why AU reform ought to focus on enhancing human rights compliance. The article makes various suggestions on necessary institutional reforms but also as far as the African Commission’s procedures and methods of work to allow it to have a far more effective role in the promotion and protection of human rights on the continent. It is noted that political will by the AU and African states is the largest obstacle to giving the Commission the necessary independence, support and assistance that it needs to play the role in Africa that it should.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

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