scholarly journals The Lesser Evil? Corruption Voting and the Importance of Clean Alternatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Agerberg
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Choice Option

Surveys show that citizens in all parts of the world have a strong distaste for corruption. At the same time, and contrary to the predictions of democratic theory, politicians involved in the most glaring abuse of public office often continue to receive electoral support. Using an original survey experiment conducted in Spain, this article explores a previously understudied aspect of this apparent paradox: the importance of viable and clean political alternatives. The results suggest that voters do punish political corruption when a clean alternative exists, even when the corrupt candidate is very appealing in other respects. However, when only given corrupt alternatives, respondents become much more likely to tolerate a candidate accused of corruption—even when given a convenient “no-choice” option. I discuss how these results can help us understand corruption voting and why some societies seem to be stuck in a high-corruption equilibrium.

scholarly journals Preferences, vote choice, and the politics of social investment: Addressing the puzzle of unequal benefits of childcare provision

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
ERIK NEIMANNS
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Original Survey

Abstract Research on the politics of social investment finds public opinion to be highly supportive of expansive reforms and expects this support to matter for the politics of expanding social investment. Expanding social investment, it is argued, should be particularly attractive to left-wing voters and parties because of the egalitarian potential of such policies. However, few studies have examined to what extent individual preferences concerning social investment really matter politically. In this paper, I address this research gap for the crucial policy field of childcare by examining how individual-level preferences for expanding childcare provision translate into voting behavior. Based on original survey data from eight European countries, I find that preferences to expand public childcare spending indeed translate into electoral support for the left. However, this link from preferences to votes turns out to be socially biased. Childcare preferences are much more decisive for voting the further up individuals are in the income distribution. This imperfect transmission from preferences to voting behavior implies that political parties could have incentives to target the benefits of childcare reforms to their more affluent voters. My findings help to explain why governments frequently fail to reduce social inequality of access to seemingly egalitarian childcare provision.

Electoral Manipulation and Regime Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora John Reuter ◽  
David Szakonyi
Keyword(s):  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Electoral Fraud ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Regime Support ◽  
Core Base ◽  
Ruling Party

ABSTRACT Does electoral fraud stabilize authoritarian rule or undermine it? The answer to this question rests in part on how voters evaluate regime candidates who engage in fraud. Using a survey experiment conducted after the 2016 elections in Russia, the authors find that voters withdraw their support from ruling party candidates who commit electoral fraud. This effect is especially large among strong supporters of the regime. Core regime supporters are more likely to have ex ante beliefs that elections are free and fair. Revealing that fraud has occurred significantly reduces their propensity to support the regime. The authors’ findings illustrate that fraud is costly for autocrats not just because it may ignite protest, but also because it can undermine the regime’s core base of electoral support. Because many of its strongest supporters expect free and fair elections, the regime has strong incentives to conceal or otherwise limit its use of electoral fraud.

scholarly journals Persistent Misperceptions about Nicotine among US Physicians: Results from a Randomized Survey Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7713
Author(s):  
Michelle T. Bover Manderski ◽  
Michael B. Steinberg ◽  
Olivia A. Wackowski ◽  
Binu Singh ◽  
William J. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
To Receive

We conducted a survey experiment among US physicians to evaluate whether question wording impacted perceptions about the health effects of nicotine. 926 physicians were randomized to receive one of two versions of a question matrix that asked about the “extent to which they agree or disagree that ‘nicotine’ (Version 1) or ‘nicotine, on its own,’ (Version 2) directly contributes to” birth defects, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, depression, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We evaluated whether question condition predicted strong agreement and/or agreement with each statement, and assessed demographic correlates of each outcome while adjusting for question version. Physicians who received Version 2 were less likely to “strongly agree” that nicotine directly caused birth defects (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 0.84, 95% CI 0.72–0.98), CVD (PR 0.89, 95% CI 0.84–0.95), cancer (PR 0.81, 95% CI 0.75–0.87), and COPD (PR 0.78, 95% CI 0.72–0.84). Females were more likely to “strongly agree” that nicotine directly contributes to birth defects and cancer, and family physicians were most likely to “strongly agree” that nicotine directly contributes to CVD, cancer, and COPD. Question wording is important when measuring physicians’ beliefs about nicotine; however, even after accounting for question version, misperceptions about the direct health effects of nicotine were common and varied by sex and specialty.

Preventing the Retrenchment of the Welfare State: Switzerland's Competitiveness in the World Market for Protection

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nollert ◽  
Sebastian Schief
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
World Market ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Entrepreneur ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Welfare State

Most welfare state typologies still characterize Switzerland as a liberal welfare regime. However, recent research shows that its welfare state did not retrench but instead moved towards the conservative type. Nevertheless, higher social expenditure has not been accompanied by increases in taxation. Moreover, Switzerland managed to overcome the so-called trilemma of the service economy. After analyzing the shift of the Swiss welfare state from a liberal to a conservative welfare regime, we argue that the Swiss economic success story of the twentieth century is based on a favourable policy mix (tax system, labour market, financial sector) used to compete successfully in the world market for protection. We conclude that, as a political entrepreneur, Switzerland has the capability to receive taxes and investments from foreign individuals and enterprises, wealthy residents and high-skilled and well-paid immigrants to finance the welfare state and to overcome the trilemma of the service economy.

scholarly journals Insomnolent Anathemas

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-398
Author(s):  
Philip G. Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Short Article ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Receive

Over several decades during the second half of the last century, the Romanian-born Parisian intellectual E. M. Cioran penned a series of uneasy works whose despondent obsession with God is matched only by their utter disavowal of the reality of the divine. Wrestling pessimistically with nihilism in a world forged by chronic insomnia, illness, nicotine, and despair, Cioran confronts the theologian with a particularly radical articulation of unbelief hard-won at the “verge of existence,” and existence suffered as an “accident of God.” This short article explores the form and substance of Cioran’s biting and aphoristic expression of modern unbelief in an attempt to discern something of its theological significance. Perhaps theology would do well to receive this work as a necessary ascesis of its inapt and faithless contentment and ease with the world. And could it be that theology stands to be schooled in the near impossibility and profundity of hope by the cynicist’s surprising confession that, “Each time the future seems conceivable to me, I have the impression of being visited by Grace”?

Marine Safety Information

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
A. C. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Safety Information ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
Marine Safety ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Marine Hazards

Marine Safety Information is defined as the coordinated service of navigational and meteorological warnings, meteorological forecasts and distress alerts.It represents the core information which the Master of a ship is required to receive under the provisions of chapters IV and V of the Safety of Life at Sea Convention (SOLAS).In essence these cover the responsibilities of nations to broadcast messages relating to marine hazards, the obligation placed upon Masters to report such hazards, and to receive messages broadcast about them.Three separate kinds of information are dealt with in the SOLAS Convention. First, Meteorological Services: these are the business of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), which seeks to coordinate the work of various national meteorological administrations. Unfortunately a multitude of overlapping services and areas have grown up out of an expanding practical requirement and capability. This has resulted in overlap of services and consequent multiplication of effort.

scholarly journals Scientific Journals in COVID-19 times

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mal Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Team ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
The World ◽  
To Receive

Worldwide, 2020 was a difficult and challenging year for everyone, including for publishers of scientific journals. Many journals had difficulty sourcing reviewers because people were busier in unexpected ways and could not review a manuscript, or those who were able to review a manuscript often struggled to get it done in the prescribed time due to work and personal commitments. Even with this challenging year, the AJP published 51 research-related articles, slightly more than in 2019. We are confident that 2021 will also prove to be a positive in a publishing sense as we continue to receive manuscripts from national and international authors covering a broad range of topics. So, as we enter another year of uncertainty, the AJP’s editorial team look forward to meeting the challenges of 2021 as we continue to publish peer-reviewed articles from Australasia and around the world.

scholarly journals Climate Change in Your Backyard: When Climate is Proximate, People Become Activists

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
The World ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Climate Disasters ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Climate Mitigation Policies

Scientific warnings about climate change continue as climate disasters strike all around the world. There is increasing public support for climate mitigation policies, and major mass protests shed light on the issue. How does climate change impact increase climate activism? I build on a conventional understanding of activism by adding the insight of construal level theory. When climate change is experienced more directly, people are more likely to act because they care more and can link concern to specific actions. Among a sample of Californians (MTurk; n = 604) as climate was perceived as more proximate, respondents were more likely to take action. A survey-experiment conducted using a US sample (MTurk; n = 609) demonstrated that as issues become more psychologically proximate, respondents were more likely to take political action. These results suggest that organizers can activate proximity to mobilize supporters.

scholarly journals E-Governance in India to Combat COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dr. Mangesh M. Ghonge ◽  
Mr. Deepak Pathratkar
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Mutual Contact ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All ◽  
To Receive

Viral pandemics are a serious threat. COVID-19 is not the first, and it won't be the last. As the whole world is going through the black phase of COVID-19 virus, the scientists are trying to invent a fighting vaccine against the same. Each and every sector in every part of the world is infected by the outburst of the fatal virus. Right from business and trade to sports and entertainment, every aspect of life is suffering a lot. To combat the outbreak of the pandemic, most of the countries have used partial to complete lockdown as the only weapon to stop the spread of the virus. In the current scenario, almost all the private sector companies as well as the government offices have suggested all the employees to work from home to stop the community spread of the disease that may occur if people come in mutual contact. While we think of governing authorities around the world, each and every government provides some e-facilities to their citizens to some what extent. Generally E-Governance can be stated as the facility to receive each and everything electronically i.e. you don’t need to go to outside home to receive any document or order. In this paper, we briefly described the different aspects of e-governance.

scholarly journals The metalinguistic use of vague predicates in conditionals

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Stefan Hinterwimmer
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Selection Function ◽  
Indicative Conditionals ◽  
Epistemic Modal ◽  
The World ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
To Receive

This paper deals with an at first sight surprising reading that indicative conditionals whose antecedents contain vague predicates receive under certain conditions. I argue that the existence of this reading can be explained if indicative conditionals are allowed to receive a special kind of metalinguistic interpretation. According to this reading, the worlds quantified over do not (possibly) differ from the world of evaluation with respect to some extralinguistic state of affairs, but only with respect to the standards according to which the vague predicates in the antecedents are interpreted. I show that the availability of the metalinguistic reading can be accounted for if both the epistemic modal bases and the selection function relative to which the worlds quantified over are determined are allowed to operate in a more flexible way than is standardly assumed.

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