scholarly journals Preventing Emergency Vehicle Crashes: Status and Challenges of Human Factors Issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1048-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongwei Hsiao ◽  
Joonho Chang ◽  
Peter Simeonov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Objective: This study reports current status of knowledge and challenges associated with the emergency vehicle (police car, fire truck, and ambulance) crashes, with respect to the major contributing risk factors. Background: Emergency vehicle crashes are a serious nationwide problem, causing injury and death to emergency responders and citizens. Understanding the underlying causes of these crashes is critical for establishing effective strategies for reducing the occurrence of similar incidents. Method: We reviewed the broader literature associated with the contributing factors for emergency vehicle crashes: peer-reviewed journal papers; and reports, policies, and manuals published by government agencies, universities, and research institutes. Results: Major risk factors for emergency vehicle crashes identified in this study were organized into four categories: driver, task, vehicle, and environmental factors. Also, current countermeasures and interventions to mitigate the hazards of emergency vehicle crashes were discussed, and new ideas for future studies were suggested. Conclusion: Risk factors, control measures, and knowledge gaps relevant to emergency vehicle crashes were presented. Six research concepts are offered for the human factors community to address. Among the topics are emergency vehicle driver risky behavior carryover between emergency response and return from a call, distraction in emergency vehicle driving, in-vehicle driver assistance technologies, vehicle red light running, and pedestrian crash control. Application: This information is helpful for emergency vehicle drivers, safety practitioners, public safety agencies, and research communities to mitigate crash risks. It also offers ideas for researchers to advance technologies and strategies to further emergency vehicle safety on the road.

scholarly journals Fail to Yield? An Analysis of Ambulance Crashes in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1566
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Ming-Che Chao
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mnl Model ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Crash Injuries ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction—Medical emergency vehicles help patients get to the hospital quickly. However, there were more and more ambulance crashes on the road in Taiwan during the last decade. This study investigated the characteristics of medical emergency vehicle crashes in Taiwan from January 2003 to December 2016. Methods—The ordered logit (OL) model, multinominal logit (MNL) model, and partial proportional odds (PPO) model were applied to investigate the relationship between the severity of ambulance crash injuries and its risk factors. Results—We found the various factors have different effects on the overall severity of ambulance crashes, such as ambulance drivers’ characteristics and road and weather conditions. When another car was involved in ambulance crashes, there was a disproportionate effect on the different overall severity, as found by the PPO model. Conclusions—The results showed that male ambulance drivers and car drivers who failed to yield to an ambulance had a higher risk of severe injury from ambulance crashes. Ambulance crashes are an emerging issue and need further policies and public education regarding Taiwan’s ambulance transportation safety.

How Signs, Markings, and Hazards Impact Motorist Assessment of Cyclist Lane Placement

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1948-1949
Author(s):  
Mary L. Still ◽  
Jeremiah D. Still
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Lane Position ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Factors Research ◽  
And Training

Human factors research has led to safer interactions between motorists through redesigned signage, roadway designs, and training. Similar efforts are needed to understand and improve interactions between cyclists and motorists. One challenge to safe motorist-cyclist interactions are expectations about where cyclists should be on the road. In this study, we utilize more directive signage and additional lane markings to clarify where cyclists should ride in the travel lane. The impact of these signifiers was examined by having motorists indicate where cyclists should ride in the lane, how difficult it was to determine the correct lane position, and how safe they would feel if they were in that lane position. Results indicate that more directive signage – “bicycles take the lane”-and painted hazard signifiers can change motorists’ expectations, so they are more aligned with safer cyclist positioning in the lane.

scholarly journals Automatic traffic light controller for emergency vehicle using peripheral interface controller

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norlezah Hashim ◽  
Fakrulradzi Idris ◽  
Ahmad Fauzan Kadmin ◽  
Siti Suhaila Jaapar Sidek
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Light Area ◽  
On The Road

Traffic lights play such important role in traffic management to control the traffic on the road. Situation at traffic light area is getting worse especially in the event of emergency cases. During traffic congestion, it is difficult for emergency vehicle to cross the road which involves many junctions. This situation leads to unsafe conditions which may cause accident. An Automatic Traffic Light Controller for Emergency Vehicle is designed and developed to help emergency vehicle crossing the road at traffic light junction during emergency situation. This project used Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) to program a priority-based traffic light controller for emergency vehicle. During emergency cases, emergency vehicle like ambulance can trigger the traffic light signal to change from red to green in order to make clearance for its path automatically. Using Radio Frequency (RF) the traffic light operation will turn back to normal when the ambulance finishes crossing the road. Result showed the design is capable to response within the range of 55 meters. This project was successfully designed, implemented and tested.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KENAKALAN BERLALU LINTAS PADA REMAJA DAN FAKTOR – FAKTOR PENYEBAB

Jurnal Ecopsy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdi Irawan ◽  
Emma Yuniarrahmah ◽  
Hemy Heryati Anward
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Self Control ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Right

ABSTRAK Kenakalan berlalu lintas merupakan salah satu bentuk dari perilaku kenakalan remaja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku kenakalan berlalu lintas pada remaja di Batulicin dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah tiga orang remaja laki-laki yang merupakan pelaku kenakalan berlalu lintas di wilayah Batulicin. Teknik penggalian data pada penelitian ini adalah wawancara mendalam semi terstruktur dan observasi partisipasi pasif. Hasil analisis dari ketiga subjek, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa gambaran berbagai bentuk kenakalan berlalu lintas yaitu: Tidak memiliki SIM, tidak membawa STNK saat berkendara, tidak menggunakan plat nomor kendaraan, tidak menggunakan helm saat berkendara, tidak memakai kaca spion kanan dan kiri, menggunakan knalpot bersuara nyaring, tidak mengaktifkan fungsi speedo meter, manuver berbahaya, melakukan pelecehan verbal atau perkataan kasar pada pengendara lain, balapan liar, mengebut, menerobos lampu merah, dan berkendara dalam keadaan mabuk. Pada ketiga subjek juga ditemukan faktor yang mempengaruhi kenakalan berlalu lintas yaitu, faktor internal yang meliputi, identitas diri yang negatif, kontrol diri yang rendah, usia awal melakukan kenakalan, jenis kelamin laki-laki, kepercayaan diri rendah, kestabilan emosi kurang, aktualisasi diri terhambat, tidak memiliki model yang baik, penyesuaian sosial yang kurang, perkembangan sosial kurang, dan kurangnya kelekatan pada orang tua,faktor eksternal meliputi, pengaruh teman sebaya yang negatif, prestasi sekolah yang rendah,  status sosial ekonomi menengah kebawah, peran orang tua yang buruk dan kualitas lingkungan sekitar yang buruk. Kata Kunci : Kenakalan, Lalu lintas, Remaja ABSTRACT  Road traffic delinquency is one form of juvenile delinquency. The purpose of this study was to describe the road traffic delinquency behavior in adolescents in Batulicin and the contributing factors. Subjects in this study were three teenagers who were the perpetrators of road traffic delinquency in Batulicin. Data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews and observation of passive participation. It can be concluded from the results of the  analysis that there were some various types of road traffic delinquency, namely not having a driver's license, not carrying vehicle registration when driving, not using the license plate numbers, not wearing helmets while driving, not wearing the right and left rear-view mirrors, applying loud-voiced exhaust, not activating the Speedo meter, doing dangerous maneuvers, delivering verbal harassment or vulgarity on the other riders, wild racing, speeding, running a red light, and driving in a drunken state. There were some factors found in the three subjects that affected the road traffic delinquency. The first was the internal factors that included negative self-identity, low self-control, mischief in early age, male gender, low self-esteem, less emotional stability, hampered self-actualization, lack of good models, less social adjustment, less social development, and lack of attachment to parents. The second was the external factors including negative peer influences, low school performance, middle and lower socioeconomic status, poor parental role and poor quality of the surrounding environment.  Keywords: Delinquency, Traffic, Adolescent

scholarly journals Use of a mobile laboratory to evaluate changes in on-road air pollutants during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 8247-8263 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wang ◽  
T. Zhu ◽  
J. Zheng ◽  
R. Y. Zhang ◽  
S. Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Abstract. China implemented systematic air pollution control measures during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and Paralympics to improve air quality. This study used a versatile mobile laboratory to conduct in situ monitoring of on-road air pollutants along Beijing's Fourth Ring Road on 31 selected days before, during, and after the Olympics air pollution control period. A suite of instruments with response times of less than 30 s was used to measure temporal and spatial variations in traffic-related air pollutants, including NOx, CO, PM1.0 surface area (S(PM1)), black carbon (BC), and benzene, toluene, the sum of ethylbenzene, and m-, p-, and o-xylene (BTEX). During the Olympics (8–23 August, 2008), on-road air pollutant concentrations decreased significantly, by up to 54% for CO, 41% for NOx, 70% for SO2, 66% for BTEX, 12% for BC, and 18% for SPM1, compared with the pre-control period (before 20 July). Concentrations increased again after the control period ended (after 20 September), with average increases of 33% for CO, 42% for NOx, 60% for SO2, 40% for BTEX, 26% for BC, and 37% for S(PM1), relative to the control period. Variations in pollutants concentrations were correlated with changes in traffic speed and the number and types of vehicles on the road. Throughout the measurement periods, the concentrations of NOx, CO, and BTEX varied markedly with the numbers of light- and medium-duty vehicles (LDVs and MDVs, respectively) on the road. Only after 8 August was a noticeable relationship found between BC and S(PM1) and the number of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Additionally, BC and S(PM1) showed a strong correlation with SO2 before the Olympics, indicating possible industrial sources from local emissions as well as regional transport activities in the Beijing area. Such factors were identified in measurements conducted on 6 August in an area southwest of Beijing. The ratio of benzene to toluene, a good indicator of traffic emissions, shifted suddenly from about 0.26 before the Olympics to approximately 0.48 after the Olympics began. This finding suggests that regulations on traffic volume and restrictions on the use of painting solvents were effective after the Olympics began. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of air pollution control measures and identified local and regional pollution sources within and surrounding the city of Beijing. The findings will be invaluable for emission inventory evaluations and model verifications.

scholarly journals Risk factors for measles outbreak in Ataq and Habban districts, Shabwah governorate, Yemen, February to May 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Ali Hussein Nassar ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Al Amad ◽  
Mohammed Qasim ◽  
Fekri Dureab
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Surveillance And Response ◽  
Immunization Services

Abstract Background Recent conflict and war in Yemen lead to collapse of the health system, decrease of immunization coverage and spread of many outbreaks. On May 22, 2018, the surveillance officer in Shabwah governorate reported an increased number of suspected measles. On May 24, 2018, a team from Yemen-Field Epidemiology Training Program was sent to investigate. The aims were to describe the outbreak, determine the risk factors for measles infection and recommend control measures. Methodology A descriptive followed by case-control study design (1:2 ratio) were performed. National Measles Surveillance Program case definition and predesigned questionnaire were used to collect data from 73 cases and 146 controls. Attack rate (AR), adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. P value < 0.05 was considered as the cut point for significant. Epi info version 7.2 was used. Results A total of 73 suspected cases were found. Almost 53% were from Habban district, 63% were males and 56% were among age group < 5 years. The overall AR was 82/100,000 population. Measles was significantly associated with contact with case (aOR = 27.3, 95% CI:1.3–551.7), malnourished children aged 6–60 months (aOR = 24.9, 95% CI;1.9–329.6) and unvaccinated children (aOR = 17.2, 95% CI:2.9–100.7). The six collected blood samples found to be positive for measles IgM. Conclusions Measles outbreak in Ataq and Habban districts was confirmed. Contact with measles cases, malnutrition and un-vaccination were the potential contributing factors of measles outbreak in Shabwah governorate. An urgent vaccination campaign with health education interventions are highly recommended. Reactivation of the outreach immunization services and strengthening surveillance and response systems are top priority to take place at district and governorate levels.

Collision Risk Circumstances and Traffic Routeing in the Approaches to the Strait of Juan de Fuca

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-413
Author(s):  
Brad Judson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Collision Risk ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
Test Of Significance

1. Introduction. This paper is concerned with collision risk reduction through the identification, measurement and analysis of contributing factors and the evaluation of risk control measures appropriate to the approaches to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Risk factors were identified through a traffic survey and collision probabilities were estimated and modified by a simulated modification to traffic routeing. Marine collision risk analyses have tended to describe the circumstances of collisions without comparison to the conditions encountered by marine traffic. In the absence of any test of significance, such an analysis is revealing yet provides an incomplete basis for traffic management decisions. This study examines the importance of contributing factors through such a comparison.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Traffic Control System using Image Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3247-3252
Author(s):  
G. Kalyan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
The Road ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
On The Road

Traffic congestion is now a big issue. Although it seems to penetrate throughout the world, urban towns are the ones which are most effected. And it is expanding in nature that it is necessary to understand the density of roads in real time to better regulate signals and efficient management of transport. Various traffic congestions, such as limited capacity, unrestricted demand, huge Red Light waits might occur. While insufficient capacity and unlimited demand are somehow interconnected, their delay in lighting is difficult to encode and not traffic dependant. The necessity to simulate and optimise traffic controls therefore arises in order to better meet this growing demand. The traffic management of information, ramp metering, and updates in real-time has been frequently used in recent years for image processing and monitoring systems. An image processing can also be used for the traffic density estimation. This research describes the approach for the computation of real-time traffic density by image processing for using live picture feed from cameras. It focuses also on the algorithm for the transmission of traffic signals on the road according to the density of vehicles and therefore aims to reduce road congestion, which reduces the number of accidents.

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