Individual Differences and the Perception of Traffic Signs

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Loo
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

The study focused on the relationship between field dependence and the ability to perceive traffic signs in embedded and disembedded contexts as measured by verbal reaction times. Intercorrelations among the reaction times, personality measures, and driving record items were also tested. Twenty-eight females were blocked into four quartiles according to their score on the Group Embedded Figures Test. Subjects completed the traffic-sign task, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, and a driving experience questionnaire. Field-dependent subjects had longer reaction times to embedded traffic signs and more traffic accidents than did field-independent subjects. Also, extraverts had longer reaction times to the embedded traffic signs, more accidents, and more traffic convictions than introverts. No relationships were found for neuroticism.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAFFIC SIGN COMPREHENSION AND RISKY TRAFFIC BEHAVIORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Unsafe Behaviors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

The current study investigates the relationship between risky traffic behaviors and traffic sign comprehension (TSC). It is hypothesized that, as traffic sign comprehension increases, unsafe traffic behaviors decrease. The data were collected online through Qualtrics from 275 participants, 177 of whom were drivers. The questionnaire package included 25 open-ended traffic sign questions, Pedestrian Behavior Scale, Mini-Driver Behavior Questionnaire with 3 additional aggressive violation items, and a demographic information form. The results indicated that TSC was significantly related to reported driver errors and lapses after controlling for age and gender. In addition, pedestrian-related TSC was significantly related to reported pedestrian transgressions, lapses, aggressive behaviors, and positive behaviors after controlling for age, gender, driver's license, and driving experience. Generally, the results were consistent with the expectations: the better that road users (drivers and pedestrians) understand traffic signs, the fewer drivers and pedestrians reported unsafe behaviors (errors and lapses for drivers; transgressions, aggressive behaviors, and lapses for pedestrians), and the more pedestrians reported positive behaviors. This finding can be explained by the fact that as the need of people to understand traffic signs increases, they avoid behaviors that will lead to accidents in traffic. For this reason, it can be predicted that comprehensively introducing children to traffic signs from an early age will contribute positively to road safety.

Cognitive Styles in the Deaf

1967 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fiebert
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Stanford Achievement Test ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Communication Ability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rod And Frame Test

To evaluate sex and developmental differences in the cognitive style functioning of the deaf and test an hypothesis derived from Witkin's differentiation theory (concerning the relationship between cognitive style and communication ability) 90 Ss at three age levels were rested. Each S was given three cognitive style tests, the Rod and Frame Test (RFT), the Children's Embedded Figures Test (CEFT), and the Poppelreuter Test (P-T). The Paragraph Meaning scores of the Stanford Achievement Test were used to assess one aspect of communication ability, reading. Special procedures were utilized in the cognitive testing of Ss and in particular, a method for the administration of the RFT to deaf individuals was developed. The results revealed consistent and clear-cut sex differences in cognitive style, such that boys were significantly more field independent than girls. Expected developmental differences in the direction of increasing field independency with age were evident in the performance of boys but were absent in the scores of girls. The relationships between cognitive style and communication measures indicate a partial confirmation of the differentiation hypothesis tested.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Geometrik Dan Kelengkapan Rambu Lalu Lintas Terhadap Kecelakaan (Studi Kasus : Tanjakan Kethekan Kec. Jambu, Ruas Jalan Ambarawa – Magelang Km. 46+000 S/D 46+750)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Rizqi Rangga Perdana ◽  
Yeremia Kristian Adi Permata ◽  
Siti Latifah ◽  
Sukoyo Sukoyo ◽  
Wasino Wasino
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Geometric Analysis ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Geometric Conditions ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="Default"><em>Ambarawa – Magelang main road is an arterial road which used by drivers who came from Central Java headed to Yogyakarta. The Road Segment is considered to have frequent traffic accidents. The study aims to analyze the relationship between geometric aspects and the occurrence of accidents, compare actual speed with plan speed, and analyzing the completeness of the traffic signs on this section to identify the causes of accidents that occurred at that location</em>. <em>The stages of analysis is by doing the geometric calculation of the road and compared with the requirements in the regulation then identifying whether there is a relationship between accidents that occur with geometric conditions, vehicle speed, and the signs completeness. Identification and results of geometric analysis is known that Black Spot are on bend road I (km 46+300) there were 22 accidents due to breaking road markings, 6 accidents due to extreme bend, and 4 accidents due to road slackness throughout 2012 – 2018. On the bend road II (km 46+440) there were 5 accidents due to breaking road markings and on the bend road III (km 46+520) there were 3 accidents due to road slackness. with the result that there is a relationship between geometric conditions with accidents that occur and after being analyzed the completeness of the traffic signs is still lacking and needs to be completed.</em></p>

Cognitive Styles in Children and Performance on Piagetian Conservation Tasks

1972 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Roland Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Second Grade ◽  
Verbal Mediation ◽  
Field Independence ◽  
Nonreversal Shift ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An investigation of the relationship of field-independence-dependence and verbal mediation-nonmediation to Piagetian conservation behavior in 88 kindergarten, first, and second grade boys. It was hypothesized that the field-independent and the verbally mediating boys will have grasped the principle of conservation to a significantly greater degree than field-dependent and nonmediating boys. The Children's Embedded-figures Test and a reversal-nonreversal shift task were administered in order to categorize the boys on the two main effect dimensions of field independence-dependence and verbal mediation-nonmediation. The Concept Assessment Kit-Conservation was administered to measure the ability of each boy to conserve. The procedure resulted in a three-way irregular analysis of variance design. The main effect of field independence was significant as hypothesized ( p < .05). Grade was also significant ( p < .01), but neither the verbal mediation main effect nor any of the interactions was.

scholarly journals The Relationship of the Information Quantity of Urban Roadside Traffic Signs and Drivers’ Visibility Based on Information Transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10976
Author(s):  
Kun Liu ◽  
Hongxing Deng
Keyword(s):  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Information Quantity ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Experienced Driver ◽  
The Relationship

For the lack of quantitative basis of traffic sign combination information, this paper established a model of information quantity of urban road traffic signs by analyzing the driver’s information processing and the visual recognition of traffic signs combined with theories of informatics. It used various analytical methods to build a model of the relationship between the traffic sign information quantity (TSIQ) and the driver’s visual recognition. Based on factors, the relationship between the TSIQ and the driver’s visual recognition was studied and analyzed to provide a reference for the design of urban traffic sign layout information. The results show that the TSIQ can explain 61% of the driver’s recognition time (DRT). The more information the road traffic sign conveys, the longer DRT will be. The TSIQ’s threshold is 642 bits, and exceeding this value will cause information overload. Different influence factors have a certain impact on drivers’ visual recognition distance (VRD). The male VRD is shorter than the female. The VRD of the young driver is larger than the old driver. The VRD of a novice driver is longer than an experienced driver, while the visual recognition sign of an experienced driver is shorter.

scholarly journals Analysis of driver behavior in Amman using Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khair Jadaan ◽  
Noor Albeetar ◽  
Dania Abuhalimeh ◽  
Yara Naji
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Risky Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Relationship

A key component in combating traffic accidents is to study the contributory factors behind them, among these factors, the driver behavior stands out as the main causative factor. One of the most effective tools used worldwide in measuring self-reported driving components is the Manchester Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ), it investigates the relationship between the driver and accidents involvement, throughout the analysis of both sociodemographic characteristics of drivers, and the risky driving components practiced such as; violations, errors and lapses. The present study investigates the factor structure of the DBQ and examines the relationships between the driver behavior factors and accident involvement. A survey questionnaire including the DBQ and background information was filled by a randomly selected sample of drivers in Amman, the capital of Jordan and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used for data analysis. Driver behavior differed according to the gender, educational level and driving experience of the respondents. The results reflected the lifestyle, way of thinking and the general attitude of the driver and its relationship with traffic safety.

Theoretical and Empirical Link between Psychological Differentiation and Extraversion

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuntufye S. Mwamwenda ◽  
Jean-Paul Dionne ◽  
Bernadette B. Mwamwenda
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Psychological Differentiation ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Eysenck Personality Inventory ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Private And Public

This study examined a relationship between psychological differentiation and extraversion and possible sex differences in performance. A significant curvilinear relationship was observed for boys only. Boys were more field independent and extraverted than girls. Subjects were 192 (109 girls and 83 boys), students in Grades 11 and 12 from private and public schools in Oshawa and Ottawa, Canada. Their mean age was 17.4 yr. Psychological differentiation was measured by the Group Embedded Figures Test and extraversion by the Eysenck Personality Inventory, Form B.

scholarly journals The Impact of Traffic Sign Quality on the Frequency of Traffic Accidents

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-558
Author(s):  
Marija Ferko ◽  
Ana Stažnik ◽  
Maja Modrić ◽  
Helena Dijanić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

As part of an overall traffic signalling system, traffic signs warn the traffic participants, give information about the restrictions, prohibitions and obligations and provide additional information needed for a safe and undisturbed traffic flow. The traffic sign quality is expressed by its retroreflection and it is particularly pronounced in conditions of reduced visibility. The aim of this paper is to analyse how traffic signs quality affects the frequency of traffic accidents in low visibility conditions. For this purpose, traffic accidents and the quality of traffic signs were analysed on 130 state roads in the Republic of Croatia between 2013 and 2015. In the analysis several variables were used: the number of traffic accidents occurred under reduced visibility conditions, length of the road, AADT (Annual Average Daily Traffic) and the number of traffic signs that do not meet the minimum prescribed values of retroreflection. Statistical analysis showed a positive correlation between the accidents and unsatisfactory traffic signs, i.e. that with the increase in the number of traffic sings that do not have a satisfactory level of retroreflection, an increase in the number of accidents in reduced visibility conditions is expected.

Embedded-Figures Test Performance and Self-Concept of Elementary School Children

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Gary W. Guyot ◽  
Louis Fairchild ◽  
Brad Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Field Independent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between Embedded Figures Test and Piers-Harris Self-concept scores for 160 boys and 169 girls in Grades 4 through 6. Field-independent girls had significantly higher self-concept scores than field-dependent girls. However, there was no significant difference between the self-concept scores of the field-independent and field-dependent boys.

scholarly journals Traffic signs recognitionusing cuckoo search algorithm and Curvelettransform with image processing methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saadi Abdullah ◽  
Majida Ali Abed ◽  
Ahmed Naser Ismael
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Curvelet Transform ◽  
Cuckoo Search ◽  
Cuckoo Search Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Sign ◽  
Traffic Signs ◽  
Fourth Step ◽  
Processing Techniques

Compliance with traffic signs is one of the most important things to follow to avoid traffic accidents as well as compliance with traffic rules in terms of parking, speed control, and other traffic sings. Progress in different areas, such as self-propelled car manufacturing or the production of devices that help the visually impaired, require values to find a way to determine traffic signals with high precision in this research, The first step is to take a picture of the traffic sign and apply some digital image processing techniques to increase image contrast and eliminate noise in the image, the second step resize of origin image  , the third step convert color to(YCbCr, HSB) or stay on RGB, the fourth step  image is disassembled using  curvelet  transform and get coefficients , and the last step using cuckoo search algorithm to recognition sings traffics ,the MATLAB (2011b) program was used to implement the proposed algorithm . After applying this method to a set of traffic the percentage of discrimination of traffic signs was yellow 93%, green 94%, blue 94.5%, red 96%.

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