An Evaluation of Holograms as Training and Job Aids

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Frey ◽  
Edwin S. Eichert
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Assembly Time ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Job Aids ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Assembly Tasks ◽  
And Storage

This study was concerned with an evaluation of holography in training and for job aids. Experimentation comparing holograms, line drawings, and photographs as methods of presenting visual information is reported. It appears that with the tasks used, holograms generally are as good as or better visual aids than either photographs or line drawings. The use of holograms tends to reduce errors rather than speed assembly time in assembly tasks. They also seem to enhance the discovery of errors when the subject is attempting to locate assembly errors in a construction. The results of this experimentation suggest that serious consideration should be given to the use of holography in the development of job aids and in training. Applications in technical documentation and storage relevant to the use of holograms as job aids are also considered.

Holograms as Job Performance Aids

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Allan H. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Real Object ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Visual Test ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Assembly Tasks ◽  
Better Than

The nature of the new technology of holography will be briefly described and holograms will be demonstrated. The unique characteristics of holograms will be sketched and their particular value as aids to job performance will be discussed. In the last few years, the state-of-the-art in holography has advanced at an accelerating rate. It is a technology which allows objects to be presented in three dimensions as though they really exist in space. In fact, there is no visual test to discriminate between the real object and the holographically re-created object. As visual aids in wire tracing and assembly tasks, they are equal to or better than photographs or line drawings. They have been used on the windshields of moving automobiles to create the perception of on-road objects in driver testing. In the last two years they have been commercially available to colleges for teaching hundreds of difficult concepts, such as the DNA helix.

Innovations in Food Production - Status and Directions of Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Barbara Grzybowska
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
New Products ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Storage

This paper characterises the directions of innovative activities undertaken by food industry enterprises concerning the manufacturing of food products. Based on the subject literature and secondary statistical data, the status of food industry innovativeness and areas of innovative activities related to implementation of technological and non-technological innovations are presented. The activities of enterprises focus on manufacturing new products in response to the ever-changing needs and expectations of consumers. In particular, the production of so-called functional food (which seeks to promote health, minimise the risk of specific diseases, improve psychophysical fitness, lose weight, etc.) is increasingly extensive. Manufacturers must also improve the technologies and techniques of product manufacturing, packaging and storage. 

scholarly journals Encapsulated NOLA™ Fit 5500 Lactase—An Economically Beneficial Way to Obtain Lactose-Free Milk at Low Temperature

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czyzewska ◽  
Anna Trusek
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Substrate Diffusion ◽  
Galactose Inhibition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The current requirements of industrial biocatalysis are related to economically beneficial and environmentally friendly processes. Such a strategy engages low-temperature reactions. The presented approach is essential, especially in food processes, where temperature affects the quality and nutritional value foodstuffs. The subject of the study is the hydrolysis of lactose with the commercial lactase NOLA™ Fit 5500 (NOLA). The complete decomposition of lactose into two monosaccharides gives a sweeter product, recommended for lactose intolerant people and those controlling a product’s caloric content. The hydrolysis reaction was performed at 15 °C, which is related to milk transportation and storage temperature. The enzyme showed activity over the entire range of substrate concentrations (up to 55 g/L lactose). For reusability and easy isolation, the enzyme was encapsulated in a sodium alginate network. Its stability allows carrying out six cycles of the complete hydrolysis of lactose to monosaccharides, lasting from two to four hours. During the study, the kinetic description of native and encapsulated NOLA was conducted. As a result, the model of competitive galactose inhibition and glucose mixed influence (competitive inhibition and activation) was proposed. The capsule size does not influence the reaction rate; thus, the substrate diffusion into capsules can be omitted from the process description. The prepared 4 mm capsules are easy to separate between cycles, e.g., using sieves.

Key for identification of the parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of aphids infesting alfalfa in Europe

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4378 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUSTAFA E. GHALIOW ◽  
ANDJELJKO PETROVIĆ ◽  
KORANA KOCIĆ ◽  
JELISAVETA ČKRKIĆ ◽  
ANA MITROVSKI BOGDANOVIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scanning Electron

Although Aphidiinae parasitoids have been used as agents for biocontrol of alfalfa aphids for more than half a century and have been the subject of numerous ecological investigations, there is an evident lack of systematic studies on the parasitoids of aphids infesting alfalfa in Europe. Here we present an original and up-dated key for identification of both native and invasive Aphidiinae parasitoids attacking aphids that feed on alfalfa in Europe. In total, 20 species are keyed and illustrated with scanning electron micrographs and line drawings. 

scholarly journals TRENDS IN DATA WAREHOUSING TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Kunnathuvalappil Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Relational Databases ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Long Term Trend

Financial data volumes are increasing, and this appears to be a long-term trend, implying that data managementdevelopment will be crucial over the next few decades. Because financial data is sometimes real-time data, itis constantly generated, resulting in a massive amount of financial data produced in a short period of time.The volume, diversity, and velocity of Big Financial Data are highlighting the significant limitations oftraditional Data Warehouses (DWs). Their rigid relational model, high scalability costs, and sometimesinefficient performance pave the way for new methods and technologies. The majority of the technologiesused in background processing and storage research were previously the subject of research in their earlystages. The Apache Foundation and Google are the two most important initiatives. For dealing with largefinancial data, three techniques outperform relational databases and traditional ETL processing: NoSQL andNewSQL storage, and MapReduce processing.

scholarly journals An Approach to the study of vessels climber species

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Khandagale ◽  
B.K. Auti
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Specialized Tissue ◽  
Large Perforation ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Soil Interface ◽  
Highly Evolved

The angiosperms are characterized by vessels in wood, and therefore, vessel elements were selected to study them in climber species. Xylem is the specialized tissue that transports water and nutrients from the plant–soil interface to stem and leaves and provides mechanical support and storage. Water is the primary solvent for plant nutrition and metabolism and is essential for photosynthesis, turgor and for transport of minerals, hormones and other molecules. Studies on vessels showed that the characters of vessels can throw some light on the phylogeny of species. The short vessel members with many perforation plates with a single large perforation are most specialized and those that were long with elongate obliquely placed perforation plates with many perforations separated by bars that together give a scalariform appearance are primitive. The degree of specialization of vessel elements can be measured in terms of vessel length, breadth and the number of bars on the end plate of vessels. Vessels show highly evolved and primitive vessel elements. Mostly elongated vessel elements are present in middle region of the stem. During this study the broadest vessels were found in the middle part of the stem of dicots (Clitoria, Daemia and Aristolochia) and root of the monocots (Gloriosa) and the narrowest vessel elements were found in different parts of the species investigated. The present work is supported with line drawings of prepared stained sections, provides a framework of the vessels. This study will be very useful to a wideseries of community, who work with plants.

scholarly journals Line-Drawn Scenes Provide Sufficient Information for Discrimination of Threat and Mere Negativity

i-Perception ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204166951875580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Boshyan ◽  
Lisa Feldman Barrett ◽  
Nicole Betz ◽  
Reginald B. Adams ◽  
Kestutis Kveraga
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Matching Color ◽  
Negative Stimuli

Previous work using color photographic scenes has shown that human observers are keenly sensitive to different types of threatening and negative stimuli and reliably classify them by the presence, and spatial and temporal directions of threat. To test whether such distinctions can be extracted from impoverished visual information, we used 500 line drawings made by hand-tracing the original set of photographic scenes. Sixty participants rated the scenes on spatial and temporal dimensions of threat. Based on these ratings, trend analysis revealed five scene categories that were comparable to those identified for the matching color photographic scenes. Another 61 participants were randomly assigned to rate the valence or arousal evoked by the line drawings. The line drawings perceived to be the most negative were also perceived to be the most arousing, replicating the finding for color photographic scenes. We demonstrate here that humans are very sensitive to the spatial and temporal directions of threat even when they must extract this information from simple line drawings, and rate the line drawings very similarly to matched color photographs. The set of 500 hand-traced line-drawing scenes has been made freely available to the research community: http://www.kveragalab.org/threat.html .

Gaze Affects Pointing Toward Remembered Visual Targets After a Self-Initiated Step

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 2380-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Admiraal ◽  
N.L.W. Keijsers ◽  
C.C.A.M. Gielen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Target Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complete Darkness ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Pointing Movement ◽  
Pointing Accuracy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Variable Errors

We have investigated pointing movements toward remembered targets after an intervening self-generated body movement. We tested to what extent visual information about the environment or finger position is used in updating target position relative to the body after a step and whether gaze plays a role in the accuracy of the pointing movement. Subjects were tested in three visual conditions: complete darkness (DARK), complete darkness with visual feedback of the finger (FINGER), and with vision of a well-defined environment and with feedback of the finger (FRAME). Pointing accuracy was rather poor in the FINGER and DARK conditions, which did not provide vision of the environment. Constant pointing errors were mainly in the direction of the step and ranged from about 10 to 20 cm. Differences between binocular fixation and target position were often related to the step size and direction. At the beginning of the trial, when the target was visible, fixation was on target. After target extinction, fixation moved away from the target relative to the subject. The variability in the pointing positions appeared to be related to the variable errors in fixation, and the co-variance increases during the delay period after the step, reaching a highly significant value at the time of pointing. The significant co-variance between fixation position and pointing is not the result of a mutual dependence on the step, since we corrected for any direct contributions of the step in both signals. We conclude that the co-variance between fixation and pointing position reflects 1) a common command signal for gaze and arm movements and 2) an effect of fixation on pointing accuracy at the time of pointing.

Control and Sense of Eye Movement behind Closed Eyelids

Perception ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Marika Rauk ◽  
Aavo Luuk
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Gaze Stabilization ◽  
Eyelid Closure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Available Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Human Eyes

To investigate the question of what happens with regard to position sense and control of the human eyes when the eyelids are closed, the contact-wire-free electromagnetic eye movement recording method was developed. It was shown that after the start of blinking or eyelid closure, the eyball moves up as the upper eyelids come down. Experimental data show human inability to maintain a given position of the eyes in the head under the closed eyelids. When the subject was asked to follow a simple geometrical path, a very weak metrical and topological correspondence between desired and actual paths occurred with closed eyes. It is proposed that the poor control of eye movements behind closed eyelids is due to the lack of available information about eye position in the head. The assumption was confirmed by providing artificial auditory feedback about eyeball position to the subject, which can be effectively used for gaze stabilization by the subject. It is suggested that visual information is the only useful basis for eye movement regulation under normal conditions.

Land Law

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Aids ◽  
Teaching Approaches ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Land Law ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Primary Material ◽  
Modern Textbook ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Student Reader ◽  
Complex Subject

Academically rigorous yet welcoming and fully attuned to the needs of the student reader, Land Law represents a new breed of textbook, blending traditional and contemporary teaching approaches to guide its readers to a confident understanding of the subject. With a lively, engaging writing style and distinctive way of speaking directly to students, anticipating questions and areas of confusion, Bevan’s book does not simply set out the law but actively teaches it. Clear explanations are complemented by frequent, carefully-crafted visual aids and topics are broken down into sections that are easy to digest and navigate. “Key case” boxes offer concise insights on leading cases, spurring further reading of primary material, and “Future directions” conclusions for each chapter consider future implications and likely reforms. Balancing brevity with detail and rigour with accessibility, Land Law is a truly modern textbook that supports and motivates its readers, helping them to understand and enjoy what can be a complex subject.

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