Age as a Factor in Combined Manual and Decision Tasks

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dev S. Kochhar ◽  
Hatem M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Different Levels

A study was conducted to investigate the variation in speed of performance and decision making ability with age. The task performed involved decision making, hand movement, and positioning elements. The effects of age on decision and movement time were examined when information load, distance of move, and radial clearance (target width) were varied. In addition, heart rate was also monitored. Significant differences were detected in both decision and movement time for different levels of information load, distance of move, and radial clearance between the older (52 to 63 years) and younger (18 to 29 years) groups of subjects. Decision time differences between the two groups increased at higher levels of information load. The relationship between movement time and index of difficulty suggested that the older worker tends to exhibit a “start-up” lag in exercising movement control. Performance errors indicated that the slowing among the older workers was not observed at the expense of accuracy. The study provided no evidence that age has an effect on heart rate variability under different levels of information load and task difficulty.

Information Content and Task Performance: A Study of the Older Worker

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 558-563
Author(s):  
Dev S. Kochhar ◽  
Hatem M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
And Task

A study was conducted to investigate the variation in speed of performance and decision making ability with age. Twenty volunteers from local industry formed the subject group. Ten of these ranged in age from 52 to 63 years. The control group ranged in age from 18 to 29 years. The task performed involved decision making hand movement and positioning elements. Three levels of information load (2, 3 and 4 bits), four distances of move (7“, 10”, 13“ and 16”), and four levels of radial clearance (0.008“, 0.063”, 0.25“ and 0.75”) were taken as independent variables. The dependent variable, performance time, was composed of the decision and movement time components (DT and MT). In addition, heart rate was also monitored. It was found that age was a significant determinant of performance time (p ≤ .01). The components of performance time, i.e., decision and movement times were both significantly higher for the older subjects as compared to the younger ones (p ≤ .01) reflecting the fact that there is some natural slowing of psychomotor function with age in such combined manual and decision tasks. The information load and the distance of move were significant determinants of decision time and also of movement time (p < 0.01). The clearance was a significant determinant of movement time (p < 0.01). The difference between the older subjects and the younger subjects in decision time increased with an increase in the information load. An analysis of the performance errors for the self paced task indicated that the slowing among the older subjects was not observed at the expense of accuracy. The study provided no evidence that age has an effect on heart rate variability under different levels of information load and task difficulty.

scholarly journals Eye Pointing in Stereoscopic Displays

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiuhsiang Joe Lin ◽  
Retno Widyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Stereoscopic Displays ◽  
Time Index ◽  
Fitts Law ◽  
Different Levels

This study investigated eye pointing in stereoscopic displays. Ten participants performed 18 tapping tasks in stereoscopic displays with three different levels of parallax (at the screen, 20 cm and 50 cm in front of the screen). The results showed that parallax had significant effects on hand movement time, eye movement time, index of performance in hand click and eye gaze. The movement time was shorter and the performance was better when the target was at the screen, compared to the conditions when the targets were seen at 20 cm and 50 cm in front of the screen. Furthermore, the findings of this study supports that the eye movement in stereoscopic displays follows the Fitts’ law. The proposed algorithm was effective on the eye gaze selection to improve the good fit of eye movement in stereoscopic displays.

Deciding the Adequacy of a Set of Tests for an Specific Assessment Situation. Decision-making Strategies

1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
R. Esteve ◽  
A. Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Response Mode ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Variable Pattern ◽  
Mode Effects ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
Information Board ◽  
Decision Importance

The aim of the present paper was to test the effects of response mode (choice vs. judgment) on decision-making strategies when subjects were faced with the task of deciding the adequacy of a set of tests for a specific assessment situation. Compared with choice, judgment was predicted to lead to more information sought, more time spent on the task, a less variable pattern of search, and a greater amount of interdimensional search. Three variables hypothesized as potential moderators of the response mode effects are also studied: time pressure, information load and decision importance. Using an information board, 300 subjects made decisions (choices and judgments) on tests for a concrete assessment situation, under high or low time pressure, high or low information load, and high or low decision importance. Response mode produced strong effects on all measures of decision behavior except for pattern of search. Moderator effects occurred for time pressure and information load.

scholarly journals Cognitive Control of Working Memory: A Model-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Russell J. Boag ◽  
Niek Stevenson ◽  
Roel van Dooren ◽  
Anne C. Trutti ◽  
Zsuzsika Sjoerds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Time ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Prepotent Response ◽  
New Information ◽  
Empirical Performance ◽  
Flow Of Information

Working memory (WM)-based decision making depends on a number of cognitive control processes that control the flow of information into and out of WM and ensure that only relevant information is held active in WM’s limited-capacity store. Although necessary for successful decision making, recent work has shown that these control processes impose performance costs on both the speed and accuracy of WM-based decisions. Using the reference-back task as a benchmark measure of WM control, we conducted evidence accumulation modeling to test several competing explanations for six benchmark empirical performance costs. Costs were driven by a combination of processes, running outside of the decision stage (longer non-decision time) and showing the inhibition of the prepotent response (lower drift rates) in trials requiring WM control. Individuals also set more cautious response thresholds when expecting to update WM with new information versus maintain existing information. We discuss the promise of this approach for understanding cognitive control in WM-based decision making.

scholarly journals Challenges for Experience Feedback in Engineering Design

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Nerga˚rd ◽  
Tobias Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Empirical Finding ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Feedback ◽  
Active Dissemination ◽  
Different Levels

In this paper empirical finding from a study conducted at an aerospace company is compared to theory regarding Experience Feedback (EF), Lessons Learned (LL) and Decision Making (DM). The purpose with the study was to examine how EF within the organization was conducted and what problems and possibilities that was seen. A qualitative approach was taken and interviews and a workshop was conducted. The empirical findings show that EF exist on different levels within the organization but current feedback processes are currently leaning more towards archiving and storing than knowledge sharing and learning. Also passive dissemination approaches are mostly used whereas active dissemination within the correct context is needed The aim with this paper is to discuss issues and empirical findings that should be considered when creating work methods and systems that support learning by EF and LL dissemination.

Features of changes in heart rate variability indices in driving school cadets with different levels of preparedness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Bebinov ◽  
O.N. Krivoshchekova ◽  
A.V. Nechaev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Driver Training ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Key Words Heart ◽  
Key Words Heart Rate ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Different Levels

The research was carried out on two independent experimental groups of boys and girls. The first was observed in traffic conditions, the second during the period of auto-simulator training. The HRV indices were determined: HR - heart rate, IN - index of tension of regulatory systems, AMo - amplitude of the mode, LF/HF - index of vagosympathetic interaction. A pronounced sympathetic reaction of more prepared cadets to the training load with the subsequent restoration of the studied characteristics was revealed. Key words: heart rate variability, autonomic regulation, vagosympathetic interaction, driver training, level of preparedness.

Role of NO in goat basal cerebral circulation and after vasodilatation to hypercapnia or brief ischemias

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. R1410-R1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dieguez ◽  
J. L. Garcia ◽  
N. Fernandez ◽  
A. L. Garcia-Villalon ◽  
L. Monge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Different Levels

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the cerebral circulation under basal conditions and after vasodilatation to hypercapnia or reactive hyperemias was studied in 17 anesthetized goats. The intravenous administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 3-4 or 8-10 mg/kg), an inhibitor of nitric oxide production, reduced middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow (electromagnetically measured) by 19 and 30% and increased systemic arterial pressure by 21 and 26%, respectively, whereas heart rate did not significantly change; MCA resistance increased by 48 and 86%, respectively. These hemodynamic effects were reversed by L-arginine (200-300 mg/kg iv; 5 goats). Different levels of hypercapnia (PCO2 of 30-35, 40-45, and 55-65 mmHg) (12 goats) produced arterial PCO2-dependent increases in MCA flow that were similar under control and L-NAME treatment. Graded cerebral hyperemia occurred after 5, 10, and 20 s of MCA occlusion in 5 goats, but its magnitude was decreased during L-NAME treatment. It suggests that, in the cerebral circulation, nitric oxide 1) produces a basal vasodilator tone and 2) is probably not involved in the vasodilatation to hypercapnia but may mediate hyperemic responses after short brain ischemias.

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