Climate Change Adaptation for Food Security and Gendered-Land Rights in Western Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962098830
Author(s):  
Linda Etale ◽  
Mulala Danny Simatele
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Community Transformation ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method ◽  
Contemporary Development

This paper argues that for any community transformation to be achieved, cultural values and legal frameworks, which influence issues relating to land rights and food security, must form an integral part of any policy intervention efforts. We adopted feminism as both a methodological and an analytical framework. The dominant research paradigm was qualitative. The study sample was 184 people obtained using a systematic sampling method. Data collection was through focus groups and interviews. We challenge contemporary development initiatives, in terms of their intentions and sustainability. Finally, it is important that any development initiatives facilitate the participation and involvement of all genders.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND COPING STRATEGY: (EVIDENCE FROM AMARO WOREDA OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 128-137
Author(s):  
Alemnesh Diramo ◽  
Rahmeto Negash ◽  
Agidew Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Shortage ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method

The study was conducted in Amaro Woreda of southern Ethiopia with the main objectives to identify the main determinants of household food Security. Data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency and mean), inferential statistics (Chi-square and t-test) and logistic regression (binary logit) model. Household calorie acquisition was used to measure the status of household food security. Through systematic sampling method 151 respondents were identified. Among those 40.4% of the respondents were food insecure and 59.6% were food secure. The logistic model was initially fitted with 11 variables of which five were found to be significance effect on the household food security. Cultivated land size, livestock holding, education level, household labor and annual gross household income were significantly affecting household food security. Farm households have employed different coping strategies including sale of livestock, reduce size of meals and reduce number of meals at initial stage of food shortage and receive food aid, sale/consume seed meant and reduce size of meals at sever stage of food shortage. Improved food security is attained along with the increase in the size of cultivated land and livestock holdings. Improved technologies that increase the productivity of land and livestock should be given prior attention.

Nimíciwinán, nipimátisiwinán – “Our food is our way of life”: On-Reserve First Nation perspectives on community food security and sovereignty through oral history in Fisher River Cree Nation, Manitoba

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailesh Shukla ◽  
Jazmin Alfaro ◽  
Carol Cochrane ◽  
Cindy Garson ◽  
Gerald Mason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Indigenous Foods ◽  
Oral History Interviews

Food insecurity in Indigenous communities in Canada continue to gain increasing attention among scholars, community practitioners, and policy makers. Meanwhile, the role and importance of Indigenous foods, associated knowledges, and perspectives of Indigenous peoples (Council of Canadian Academies, 2014) that highlight community voices in food security still remain under-represented and under-studied in this discourse. University of Winnipeg (UW) researchers and Fisher River Cree Nation (FRCN) representatives began an action research partnership to explore Indigenous knowledges associated with food cultivation, production, and consumption practices within the community since 2012. The participatory, place-based, and collaborative case study involved 17 oral history interviews with knowledge keepers of FRCN. The goal was to understand their perspectives of and challenges to community food security, and to explore the potential role of Indigenous food knowledges in meeting community food security needs. In particular, the role of land-based Indigenous foods in meeting community food security through restoration of health, cultural values, identity, and self-determination were emphasized by the knowledge keepers—a vision that supports Indigenous food sovereignty. The restorative potential of Indigenous food sovereignty in empowering individuals and communities is well-acknowledged. It can nurture sacred relationships and actions to renew and strengthen relationships to the community’s own Indigenous land-based foods, previously weakened by colonialism, globalization, and neoliberal policies.

scholarly journals Slavery and Its Transformations: Prolegomena for a Global and Comparative Research Agenda

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-598
Author(s):  
Matthias van Rossum
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Body ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Contemporary Development

AbstractThis article argues that we need to move beyond the “Atlantic” and “formal” bias in our understanding of the history of slavery. It explores ways forward toward developing a better understanding of the long-term global transformations of slavery. Firstly, it claims we should revisit the historical and contemporary development of slavery by adopting a wider scope that accounts for the adaptable and persistent character of different forms of slavery. Secondly, it stresses the importance of substantially expanding the body of empirical observations on trajectories of slavery regimes, especially outside the Atlantic, and most notable in the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago worlds, where different slavery regimes existed and developed in interaction. Thirdly, it proposes an integrated analytical framework that will overcome the current fragmentation of research perspectives and allow for a more comparative analysis of the trajectories of slavery regimes in their highly diverse formal and especially informal manifestations. Fourth, the article shows how an integrated framework will enable a collaborative research agenda that focuses not only on comparisons, but also on connections and interactions. It calls for a closer integration of the histories of informal slavery regimes into the wider body of existing scholarship on slavery and its transformations in the Atlantic and other more intensely studied formal slavery regimes. In this way, we can renew and extend our understandings of slavery's long-term, global transformations.

RESILIENCE TECHNIQUES OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS IN TIMES OF RESISTANCE TO INTERNATIONAL LAW

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Salvatore Caserta ◽  
Pola Cebulak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Law ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Courts ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Caribbean Court Of Justice

Abstract International courts are increasingly called upon to adjudicate socially divisive disputes. They are therefore exposed to a heightened risk of backlash that questions their authority and impedes the implementation of their judgments. This article puts forward an analytical framework for mapping the resilience techniques used by international courts to counter this growing resistance. Case studies involve the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has been cautious in its stance regarding democratic backsliding in Hungary and Poland, and the Caribbean Court of Justice, which has engaged in legal diplomacy while adjudicating both on the land rights of indigenous groups and on Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer and Intersex (LGBTQI) rights. It is argued that, in order to effectively avoid and mitigate backlash, international courts should deploy resilience techniques that go beyond merely exercising their judicial function. The successful deployment of resilience techniques can allow international courts to become significant actors in global governance during a time of crisis for the international liberal order.

Maintaining Food Security of Local Communities in Underdeveloped Regions through Agrarian Reform in Napan Village, Indonesian

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Nia Kurniati ◽  
Reginawanti Hindersah
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Social Forestry

Objective - The objective of this study is to identify the food security characteristics in local communities at Napan Village, Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia and to study the implementation of agrarian reform principles covering asset reform and access reform, in achieving food sustainability. Methodology/Technique - The method used is a normative judicial method. The data is analysed through qualitative judicial means, supported by Focus Group Discussion, to obtain primary qualitative data. Findings - The results show that synchronization of agrarian reform programs, including asset reform with "Food Intensification Program" along with "Social Forestry Program", reinforce farmers' rights over their farmlands and assure farmland tenure and ownership. The approach of "access reform" by means of the "Food Intensification Program", integrated with government intervention, might serve as the base for achieving the inclusivity and continuity of food sustainability in Napan Novelty - This study highlights the need for central and local governments to accelerate food production in underdeveloped regions through asset and access reform programs. Land Certification, Social Forestry Program, and the Food Intensification Program can all be implemented to strengthen farmers' land rights as well as their productivity. Type of Paper - Empirical. Keywords: Agrarian Reform; Food Security; Napan Village; Indonesia. JEL Classification: Q1, Q18.

scholarly journals Usage and Perceived Side Effects of Personal Protective Measures against Mosquitoes among Current Users in Delhi

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Kohli ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
G. S. Meena ◽  
M. M. Singh ◽  
Jyotiranjan Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method

Background. Mosquito-borne diseases constitute an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The use of personal protective measures (PPM) like mats, bednets, screening, repellents, liquid vaporizers, mosquito coils, and so forth has been advocated as an effective tool in control of mosquito-borne diseases, but data about the safety profile of personal protective measures is still scarce.Objective. To study the usage and side effects of personal protective measures against mosquitoes among current users in Delhi.Materials and Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 350 adult individuals selected by systematic sampling method. Data was collected using pretested semistructured questionnaire after taking written informed consent. Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. Chi-square/Fisher’s Exact test was used for qualitative variables to find association andPvalue <0.05 was considered significant.Results. Out of 350 families selected, 210 belonged to rural area and 140 to urban area. Personal protective measures were used by 219 (62.5%) subjects. Liquid vaporizer was the most preferred method (41.4%). Most common perceived side effect of personal protective measures was headache (7.7%). Other perceived side effects were cough (3.2%), sore throat (2.7%), allergy (1.3%), and eye irritation (0.9%) predominantly among coil users.Conclusion. There is a need to have a close watch for side effects of personal protective measures among users. Further research is also needed to develop safe and effective personal protective measures against mosquitoes.

Improving the global exchange of germplasm for crop breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Selim Louafi ◽  
◽  
Eric Welch ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Institutional Logics ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
Global Exchange ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resource System

Different norms, rules and practices organize the exchange of germplasm to address broader global challenges such as advancement of science and innovation, food security, sustainable agriculture or global equity. Some of these institutions are now embedded in various treaties and national regulations. This chapter claims that these regulations are not as successful as they could be because they fail to effectively integrate the complexity of the exchange environment. In order to better understand how exchange could be improved, it is important to go beyond a legalistic approach to exchange and look at the broader socio-technical context in which these exchanges take place. By developing an analytical framework that includes several dimensions beyond the regulatory one, this contribution creates the foundation for a more comprehensive approach that acts upon the relationship between germplasm and the diversity of institutional logics, germplasm and its resource system, and germplasm and its social environment.

Capacity Development Initiatives for Marginal Communities

2006 ◽  
pp. 318-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aminul Islam ◽  
Elena Murelli ◽  
Frederick Noronha ◽  
Hakikur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Development Network

Capacity development initiatives for marginal communities with information and knowledge under the contemporary global scenario perhaps could be one of the effective instruments to make a meaningful change towards sustainable human development in developing countries. Information networking can play a key role in the initiatives toward enhancing opportunities for improved livelihood, health for all, food security, disaster management, and sustainable development. Best practices are already known in this regard such as e-commerce for better livelihood and employment, telemedicine for health, tele-food for food security, early warning for disaster preparedness, and sustainable development network as a comprehensive treatment for the sustainable development. This chapter focuses on how capacity development initiatives for marginal communities work with reference toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in developing countries. It approaches the issues and concerns related with the empowerment of the marginal communities, problems, and apprehensions in human and social capacity development in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. A lot more effort is required from governments, NGOs, and other multilateral agencies in order to bring about a sustainable mechanism of ICT planning, implementations, and development in developing countries. This chapter aims at highlighting the importance of ICT development, and the issues and concerns that are related for its expansion in the developing world for securing sustainable development.

scholarly journals  Above- and below-ground carbon stock estimation in a natural forest of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Ullah ◽  
M. Al-Amin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

The research was aimed to estimate above- and below-ground carbon stock in Tankawati natural hill forest of Bangladesh. A systematic sampling method was used to identify each sampling point through Global Positioning System (GPS). Loss on ignition and wet oxidation method were used to estimate biomass and soil carbon stock, respectively. Results revealed that the total carbon stock of the forest was 283.80 t&middot;ha<sup>&minus;1 </sup>whereas trees produce 110.94&nbsp;t&middot;ha<sup>&minus;1</sup>, undergrowth (shrubs, herbs and grass) 0.50 t&middot;ha<sup>&minus;1</sup>, litter fall 4.21 t&middot;ha<sup>&minus;1 </sup>and soil 168.15 t&middot;ha<sup>&minus;1 </sup>(up to 1m depth). The forest in the study area is a reservoir of carbon, as it has a good capacity to stock carbon from the atmosphere. To realize the forest sector potentiality inBangladesh, the carbon sequestration should be integrated with the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) carbon trading system of the Kyoto Protocol. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Developing a systematic sampling method for earthworms in and around deadwood

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ashwood ◽  
Elena I. Vanguelova ◽  
Sue Benham ◽  
Kevin R. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method
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