Effects of fiber loading and chemical treatments on properties of sisal fiber-reinforced sheet molding compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (22) ◽  
pp. 3175-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Huang ◽  
Heyi Ge ◽  
Jiaojiao Yin ◽  
Fanggang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Molding Compounds ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the effects of fiber loading from 0 vol.% to 15 vol.% and the chemical treatments on the properties of the sisal fiber-reinforced sheet molding compounds were investigated. The chemical treatments were performed with alkali, γ-ammoniapropyl-triethoxy-silane (KH-550) and γ-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxy-sliane (KH-570), respectively, to improve the interfacial adhesion between sisal fiber and the matrix (unsaturated polyester resin). The changes of surface morphology and sisal fiber functional groups were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, respectively. Compared to the untreated sisal fiber-reinforced sheet molding compounds, the mechanical property of the treated sisal fiber-reinforced sheet molding compounds increased due to the interfacial enhancement between sisal fiber and the matrix, which could be observed through the scanning electron microscopy images of fracture surface. Moreover, the better interfacial adhesion was also assisted in water absorption resistance and the thermal stability of the treated sisal fiber-reinforced sheet molding compounds. In the chemical treatments, KH-570 treatment was proved to be an effective method to improve the interfacial adhesion between sisal fiber and the matrix.

Characteristics of Ni–Cr–Fe laser clad layers on EA4T steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (16-19) ◽  
pp. 1744031
Author(s):  
Wenjing Chen ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
Yongjing Wang ◽  
Congchen Li ◽  
Xiaoli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Feeding Speed ◽  
Upper Bainite ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Ni–Cr–Fe metal powder was deposited on EA4T steel by laser cladding technology. The microstructure and chemical composition of the cladding layer were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The bonding ability between the cladding layer and the matrix was measured. The results showed that the bonding between the cladding layer and the EA4T steel was metallurgical bonding. The microstructure of cladding layer was composed of planar crystals, columnar crystals and dendrite, which consisted of Cr2Ni3, [Formula: see text] phase, M[Formula: see text]C6 and Ni3B phases. When the powder feeding speed reached 4 g/min, the upper bainite occurred in the heat affected zone (HAZ). Moreover, the tensile strength of the joint increased, while the yield strength and the ductility decreased.

Tensile Property of the Flax/Polyester Composites after Water Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1740-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu Hong Wang ◽  
Gu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tensile Property ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polyester Composites ◽  
Scanning Electron

Flax fabric was woven and composites were produced by using the VARI technique with flax fabric as the reinforcement and unsaturated polyester as the matrix. Laminates with two, three and four layers were fabricated respectively. After saturated in the water for different durations of time (7, 14, 21 and 30 days), the tensile strength of the composites was tested. After being soaked in the water for 7, 14 and 21 days, the tensile strength of the two-layer composites was decreased. For the three and four layers specimens, the tensile strength was increased initially with water treatment for 7 and 14 days,and decreased for 21 and 30 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that it might be contributed to the thickness of the two-layer composites. The thinner specimen is easier to be damaged by the penetrated moisture owing to the delamination between the fiber and the matrix after water immersion. For the three and four layers specimens, their contradictory tensile strength suggests that the thicker specimen can delay the moisture permeation and is of better water durability.

The Impact Properties of a Polyurethane Composite Filled with Clay

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1100-1103
Author(s):  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Polyurethane Composite ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

A polyurethane/clay (PU/clay) composite was synthesized. The microstructure of the composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The impact properties of the composite were characterized by impact testing. The study on the structure of the composite showed that clays could be dispersed in the polymer matrix well apart from a few of clusters. The results from mechanical analysis indicated that the impact properties of the composite were increased greatly in comparison with pure polyurethane. The investigation on the mechanical properties showed that the impact strength could be obviously increased by adding 20 wt% (by weight) clay to the matrix.

scholarly journals The Influence of A Mo Addition on the Interfacial Morphologies and Corrosion Resistances of Novel Fe-Cr-B Alloys Immersed in Molten Aluminum

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zicheng Ling ◽  
Weiping Chen ◽  
Weiye Xu ◽  
Xianman Zhang ◽  
Tiwen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Molten Aluminum ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
H13 Steel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of a Mo addition on the interfacial morphologies and corrosion resistances of novel Fe-Cr-B alloys in molten aluminum at 750 °C was systematically investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, electron probe microanalysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that Mo could not only strengthen the matrix but also facilitate the formation of borides. Furthermore, the microstructures of Mo-rich M2B boride changed from a local eutectic net-like structure to a typical coarse dendritic structure and a blocky hypereutectic structure with increasing Mo addition. This was true of the blocky Mo-rich M2B boride, rod-like Cr-rich M2B boride and the corrosion products, which had a synergistic effect on retarding of the diffusion of molten aluminum. Notably, the corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr-B-Mo alloy, with an 8.3 wt.% Mo addition, was 3.8 times higher than that of H13 steel.

Microstructural Characterisation by Scanning Electron Microscopy of Spray Formed Al/SiCp Matrix Composite

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Gomes ◽  
J.L. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Microstructural Characterisation ◽  
Silicon Carbide Particles ◽  
Carbide Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

The material used in this work was produced by spray forming AA7475 aluminium alloy and co-depositing silicon carbide particles (20% volume fraction). The spray formed composite billets were hot extruded into round bars. The microstructure was examined in the as received and heat treated (annealed, aged, and overaged) conditions by scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an extensive Mg2Si phase precipitation at the Al/SiCp interface due probably to Mg segregation from the matrix to the interface, during the heat treatments.

Approaches to Solution Deposited Flexible Composite Vapor Barrier Films

2009 ◽  
Vol 1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Gerbec ◽  
Jimmy Granstrom ◽  
Hunaid Nulwala ◽  
Luis M. Campos ◽  
Craig Hawker
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Multilayered Structures ◽  
Barrier Films ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractLiquid resin hybridized silica sol-gels and thiol-ene elastomers were evaluated as compatible materials to form thin film, flexible multilayered structures. Liquid resins are cast and cured in air and ambient pressure on the order of minutes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveals homogeneous interfaces and robust interfacial adhesion under tensile and compressive stress. Thickness of the hybrid glass and thiol-ene films range from 0.80μm to 1.5μm and 8 μm to 16 μm respectively.

A two-continuous-phase sulphur–asphalt composite—development and characterization

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Beaudoin ◽  
P. J. Sereda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Repair Material ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Scanning Electron

A two-continuous-phase sulfur–asphalt composite was developed for use as a road repair material. Two methods to obtain a continuous sulfur phase in a continuous asphalt phase are described. Scanning electron microscopy and mercury porosimetry technique provided evidence for a continuous sulfur phase. Mechanical properties—determined from hardness, uniaxial tension, and fracture energy measurements—of the two-continuous-phase sulfur–asphalt composite were studied at 22 and −31 °C. Mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced (up to 2% by volume of dacron fibers) sulfur–asphalt composites were also studied.

Mucilaginous film production by plant cells immobilised in a polyurethane or nylon matrix

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2357-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. C. Rhodes ◽  
R. J. Robins ◽  
R. J. Turner ◽  
J. I. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nylon Fibre ◽  
Scanning Electron

The surface features of plant cells immobilised in a matrix of either reticulated polyurethane foam or nylon fibre have been examined with the scanning electron microscope. It has been found that both cells and matrix are enveloped in a thin film, the appearance of which is very dependent on the method by which material is prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The structure is severely damaged by fixation and dehydration. Only in specimens examined in the frozen hydrated state is a structure seen compatible with that observed with the light microscope. From the way the appearance of the film is affected by different methods of preparation for the scanning electron microscope, it is suggested that the film is a hydrated mucilage. The importance of this film for the retention of cells within the matrix is discussed.

Effect of compatibilizer on the properties of PBS/lignin composites prepared via a vane extruder

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 829-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yu Liu ◽  
Fu Quan Chen ◽  
Rui Biao Guo ◽  
GuiZhen Zhang ◽  
JinPing Qu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Flexural Property ◽  
Grafted Polymers ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted polymers and silanes have been used as the compatibilizer in poly (butylene succinate)/lignin (PBS/lignin) composites. Compatibilized composites were fabricated by a novel vane extruder (VE). The effects of MAH grafted and coupling agent on the mechanical, thermal property, rheological property and water absorption of PBS/lignin were investigated. The results showed that the use of MAH grafted polymers and silanes resulted in significant improvements in flexural property, tensile modulus and tensile strength. Furthermore, MAH grafted polymers and silanes exhibited some improvement on the properties of vicat softening temperature as well as water absorption. The composites treated by MAH grafted polymers and silanes showed non-Newtonian behaviors from rheological tests. A better interfacial adhesion between lignin and matrix was observed from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the compatibilized composites.

Sintering characteristics of Y–Ba–Cu–oxide–Agx superconductors

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4148-4156 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Pathak ◽  
S. K. Mishra ◽  
D. Bhattacharya ◽  
K. L. Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Weak Link ◽  
Sintering Atmosphere ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Apparent Activation Energies ◽  
Sintering Characteristics ◽  
Powder Compacts ◽  
Scanning Electron

The sintering characteristics of Y–Ba–Cu–oxide (YBCO)–Agx (x = 0 to 1.2) using thermomechanical analyzer were systematically investigated to understand the sintering mechanism of the metal superconductor composites. The addition of Ag was observed to lower the sintering temperatures, and the apparent densities of the sintered compacts increased with x from 0 to 0.6. A further increase of x above 0.6 decreased the apparent densities of the sintered compacts. The presence of Ag globules in the YBCO–Ag compacts was observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The apparent activation energies for sintering of the powder compacts were estimated and observed to vary between 900 to 2000 kJ/mol. The formation of AgOx by absorbing oxygen from YBCO and sintering atmosphere possibly controls the sintering and superconducting behavior. Incorporation of Ag into the matrix modifies the weak-link characteristics from superconductor–insulator– normal–superconductor (S–I–N–S) to superconductor–normal–superconductor (S–N–S) type.

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