Teachers’ Conversational Style and Children’s Language Development in German Childcare Centers: A Culture-Sensitive Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Schröder ◽  
Anna Dintsioudi ◽  
Marit Kristine List ◽  
Heidi Keller
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Childcare Centers ◽  
Language Programs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Conversational Style ◽  
Psychological Autonomy ◽  
Instructional Language

Instructional language programs in German childcare centers have shown limited effectiveness. Two reasons may be that (a) the training is unconnected with everyday situations in which children typically acquire language and (b) the programs adopt a cultural model of psychological autonomy, a model that may be inconsistent with some children’s background. In the present study, we implemented an everyday-based language intervention in four German childcare centers. In a prepost design, teachers ( N = 37, M = 32.97 years) were first trained to adopt an elaborative, socially oriented style. Their language behavior, videotaped and analyzed during daily routines over 1 year, demonstrated significant changes (e.g., asking more open-ended questions, referring to social content and decontextualized content more often). Independent of their families’ cultural orientation. children’s ( N = 85, M = 3.42 years) language competencies significantly increased beyond age-related development norms. In comparison with a control group of children who visited childcare centers implementing instructional language programs, children of the intervention group performed significantly better in nonword repetition (an indicator of lexical knowledge) after 1 year. The results demonstrate that, in a brief intervention, teachers’ conversational style could be effectively changed toward promoting language development in a culture-sensitive way. Although the direct link to children’s language development remains to be proven, results indicate that children with different cultural backgrounds could profit from this everyday-based approach without using extra settings, materials, or instructions.

scholarly journals Effect of rehabilitation training on an elderly population with mild to moderate hearing loss: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Parisa Rasouli Fard ◽  
Farnoush Jarollahi ◽  
Seyyed Jalal Sameni ◽  
Mohammad Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Moderate Hearing Loss

Background: Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a form of hearing loss in over 60-year-olds and has a negative impact on quality of life. The pathophysiology of presbycusis is multifactorial and is predominately characterised with a loss of speech perception in noise. In the cochlea, auditory filters decompose broadband sound into a series of narrowband output signals, which contains two kinds of temporal information: slow changes in overall amplitude envelope (ENV) and faster variations in temporal fine structure (TFS). TFS is important for recognition of target speech in noise. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of TFS rehabilitation training in participants over the age of 60 years with mild to moderate hearing loss. Methods: A randomised clinical trial  conduct on 30 participants with mild (loss of 20-39dB) to moderate (40-69dB) hearing loss, aged between 60 and 75 years old. Participants with conductive hearing loss, abnormal middle ear pathology and central nerve system disease were excluded. Participants were randomly selected to an intervention and control group with a 1:1 ratio. Rehabilitation for the intervention Group are 30-minute sessions three times a week for a total five weeks of vowel consonant vowel words that are used to eliminate ENV and keep only TFS. Word in noise test, binaural TFS test, and Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores are performed at the beginning and end of study to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation training. Conclusion:  Life expectancy in the elderly has improved, leading to an increased prevalence of age-related diseases including presbycusis. A literature review highlighted that TFS damage is permanent; however, in this study we will attempt to prove that TFS training may lead to speech in noise perception restored. Trial registration: Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2019625044006N1 (7th August 2019).

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence mobile health platform for early detection of COVID-19 in quarantine subjects using a wearable biosensor: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e038555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Ka Wong ◽  
Deborah Tip Yin Ho ◽  
Anthony Raymond Tam ◽  
Mi Zhou ◽  
Yuk Ming LAU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Institutional Review Boards ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionThere is an outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide. As there is no effective therapy or vaccine yet, rigorous implementation of traditional public health measures such as isolation and quarantine remains the most effective tool to control the outbreak. When an asymptomatic individual with COVID-19 exposure is being quarantined, it is necessary to perform temperature and symptom surveillance. As such surveillance is intermittent in nature and highly dependent on self-discipline, it has limited effectiveness. Advances in biosensor technologies made it possible to continuously monitor physiological parameters using wearable biosensors with a variety of form factors.ObjectiveTo explore the potential of using wearable biosensors to continuously monitor multidimensional physiological parameters for early detection of COVID-19 clinical progression.MethodThis randomised controlled open-labelled trial will involve 200–1000 asymptomatic subjects with close COVID-19 contact under mandatory quarantine at designated facilities in Hong Kong. Subjects will be randomised to receive a remote monitoring strategy (intervention group) or standard strategy (control group) in a 1:1 ratio during the 14 day-quarantine period. In addition to fever and symptom surveillance in the control group, subjects in the intervention group will wear wearable biosensors on their arms to continuously monitor skin temperature, respiratory rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, blood oxygen saturation and daily activities. These physiological parameters will be transferred in real time to a smartphone application called Biovitals Sentinel. These data will then be processed using a cloud-based multivariate physiology analytics engine called Biovitals to detect subtle physiological changes. The results will be displayed on a web-based dashboard for clinicians’ review. The primary outcome is the time to diagnosis of COVID-19.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from institutional review boards at the study sites. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.

scholarly journals PO-098 Effect of HIIT on mitochondrial telomerase of skeletal muscle in aged rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Liu ◽  
Hao Su ◽  
Zhongye Jiang ◽  
Tianhao Wen ◽  
Jia Shao
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective The HIIT and moderate-intensity exercise are two different exercise models among the public fitness. In recent years, HIIT become more and more popular, unfortunately, there is a tremendous lack of research being done effects of mitochondrial reverse transcriptase (TERT) on age-related degeneration of skeletal muscle by HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the HIIT group and moderate-intensity group, and research difference of telomerase expression and cardiopulmonary endurance between the exercise group and the quiet control group was discussed. Methods  fifty-nine male Wistar rats were divided into three groups at random: control group (Q=19), moderate-intensity intervention group (M=20), and HIIT intervention group (H=20). The rats in Q group did not any exercise, and the rats in M group developed the exercise with 60% VO2max intensity for 8 weeks. H group did a training program for an 8-week exercise with alternating 40%, 60%, and 80% VO2max intensities. The rats in the experimental group were exercised for 50 minutes every day and trained for 5 days per week. After the baseline value group was sampled, each group of rats was selected after the training reached the specified number of weeks (4 and 8 weeks), and the maximum oxygen uptake test was performed before the material was taken. Single factor analysis of variance were used to assess differences in VO2max, and expression of protein between conditions. Results It was found that H group VO2max was significantly higher than M group and Q group (P<0.05). At same time, the mTERT expression of the M group at the 4th week was significantly higher than that of the Q group (P<0.05). The mTERT expression in group H was significantly higher than that in group Q at week 8 (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the H group and the Q group at 8th week (P<0.05). Conclusions 1. HIIT exercise lasting for 8 weeks can effectively inhibit the decrease of maximal oxygen uptake in aging rats compared with moderate exercise. 2. HIIT training for 8 weeks promotes the expression of mTERT; 3. The maintenance of VO2max in aging rats may be related to the enhancement of mitochondrial antioxidant function by HIIT-promoted TERT to mitochondrial translocation.

The Effect of Cyberspace-based Education on the Well-Being of Caregivers of Elderly People with Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽  
Parisa Mollaei ◽  
Parisa Taheri-Tanjani
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: One of the consequences of aging is the prevalence of chronic and age-related diseases, such as dementia. Caring for patients with dementia has a negative impact on the caregiver's well-being. This study aimed to examine the impact of cyberspace-based education on the well-being of caregivers of demented elderly people. Methods: This experimental study was done on a sample of 86 caregivers of elderly with dementia in 2018. The study sample was selected from memory clinic of Taleghani Hospital and randomly assigned into groups (intervention n = 43, control n = 43 groups). The well-being was measured using the World Health Organization - Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), before and two months after the intervention. Cyberspace-based educational intervention was conducted for one month. The SPSS software version 23 was employed in data analysis. Results: The mean age of the caregivers in the intervention and control groups were (M = 51.95, SD = 10.90) and (M = 51.36, SD = 15.12) respectively. No significant difference was found between two groups in terms of age, gender and level of education. The results of analysis showed that while the well-being of the intervention group was significantly increased (t (38) = -11.38, P<0.001) the well-being in the control group was significantly reduced ( t(36) =4.71 , P<0.001). Conclusion: The findings showed that cyberspace-based education can improve the well-being of caregivers of the elderly with dementia.

scholarly journals Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Wearable Technology-Based Physical Activity Intervention in Preschoolers: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonwoo Byun ◽  
Erica Lau ◽  
Timothy Brusseau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Parent Perception ◽  
Childcare Centers

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of an intervention that employed a technology-based physical activity (PA) monitoring system and teacher-regulated strategies to promote PA in preschoolers. A total of 93 preschoolers (53% girls, 4.7 years) from 5 child care centers were recruited for a one-week intervention and randomly assigned into control (2 centers, n = 45) or intervention (3 centers, n = 48) group. Key intervention components included: (1) wearable device-based, real-time monitoring of children’s PA by classroom teachers and (2) teacher-regulated strategies for providing more opportunities for PA. Sedentary behavior (SED) and PA were measured using accelerometers. Overall, children in the intervention group showed significantly lower level of SED (31.6 vs. 33.6 min/h) and higher level of total PA (28.4 vs. 26.4 min/h) than children in the control group, after adjusting for age, sex, race, parent education level, parent perception of their child’s PA, BMI, and childcare centers. Teachers in the intervention group reported that the intervention was highly feasible to be implemented in their current classroom settings. In conclusion, we observed high acceptability and initial effectiveness of the current intervention. Subsequent research at larger-scale is warranted to fully evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention strategies tested in this study.

scholarly journals Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Training Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Increases Both Plasma and Leukocyte Levels of IGF-1 in Late Middle-Aged Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Annibalini ◽  
Francesco Lucertini ◽  
Deborah Agostini ◽  
Luciana Vallorani ◽  
Annamaria Gioacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an age-related chronic disease associated with metabolic dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a concurrent exercise training program on inflammatory status and metabolic parameters of T2D patients. Sixteen male patients (age range 55–70) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=8), which underwent a concurrent aerobic and resistance training program (3 times a week; 16 weeks), or to a control group, which followed physicians’ usual diabetes care advices. Training intervention significantly improved patients’ body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and overall fitness level. After training, plasma levels of adipokines leptin (−33.9%) and RBP4 (−21.3%), and proinflammatory markers IL-6 (−25.3%), TNF-α (−19.8%) and MCP-1 (−15.3%) decreased, whereas anabolic hormone IGF-1 level increased (+16.4%). All improvements were significantly greater than those of control patients. Plasma proteomic profile of exercised patients showed a reduction of immunoglobulin K light chain and fibrinogen as well. Training also induced a modulation of IL-6, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 mRNAs in the PBMCs. These findings confirm that concurrent aerobic and resistance training improves T2D-related metabolic abnormalities and has the potential to reduce the deleterious health effects of diabetes-related inflammation.

scholarly journals Hyperbaric Oxygen Effects on Contrast and Macular Light Sensitivity in Dry Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Indriani Kartika Dewi ◽  
Moestidjab Moestidjab ◽  
Titut Harnanik
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Therapy

This study was to compare the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on contrast and macular light sensitivity improvement in dry type age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients. The subjects were eyes that had been diagnosed with dry type AMD which met inclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups. The first group was given antioxidants and HBOT. The second group was given only antioxidants. Contrast and macular light sensitivity test were done using MARS contrast sensitivity chart and Humphrey Field Analyzer-3 for three times, pre-therapy, day-1 and 14 post- therapy. This study found that 25 eyes were included for analysis, 14 subjects in first group, and 11 subjects in second group. Statistical analysis results showed that there were significant increase on contrast sensitivity in intervention group between one-day post-therapy with pre-therapy, P = 0.003 (P <0.05), and between 14-days post-therapy with pre-therapy, P = 0,015 (P <0.05). From pre- and post-analysis, there were no significant difference found on contrast sensitivity in control group and macular light sensitivity in intervention group. In control group, there were significant increase on superotemporal, superonasal, and inferonasal area between one-day post-therapy and pra-therapy with P = 0.004, P = 0.013 and P = 0.008 (P <0.05), respectively, and there was significant decrease on inferonasal area between 14-days post-therapy and one-day post-therapy, P = 0.003 (P <0.05). In conclusion, patients with AMD who were subjected to HBOT achieved improvement in contrast sensitivity in cases considered as having low prognosis. HBOT should be considered as promising intervention for AMD management adjuvant and further research are needed to find optimal dosage.

scholarly journals Effect of rehabilitation training on an elderly population with mild to moderate hearing loss: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Parisa Rasouli Fard ◽  
Farnoush Jarollahi ◽  
Seyyed Jalal Sameni ◽  
Mohammad Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Moderate Hearing Loss

Background: Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a form of hearing loss in over 60-year-olds and has a negative impact on quality of life. The pathophysiology of presbycusis is multifactorial and is predominately characterised with a loss of speech perception in noise. In the cochlea, auditory filters decompose broadband sound into a series of narrowband output signals, which contains two kinds of temporal information: slow changes in overall amplitude envelope (ENV) and faster variations in temporal fine structure (TFS). TFS is important for recognition of target speech in noise. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of TFS rehabilitation training in participants over the age of 60 years with mild to moderate hearing loss. Methods: A randomised clinical trial will be conducted on 30 participants with mild (loss of 20-39dB) to moderate (40-69dB) hearing loss, aged between 60 and 75 years old. Participants with conductive hearing loss, abnormal middle ear pathology and central nerve system disease will be excluded. Participants will be randomly selected to an intervention and control group with a 1:1 ratio. Rehabilitation for the intervention group will be 30-minute sessions three times a week for a total five weeks of vowel consonant vowel words that are used to eliminate ENV and keep only TFS. Word in noise test, binaural TFS test, and Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores will be performed at the beginning and end of study to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation training. Conclusion:  Life expectancy in the elderly has improved, leading to an increased prevalence of age-related diseases including presbycusis. A literature review highlighted that TFS damage is permanent; however, in this study we will attempt to prove that TFS training may lead to speech in noise perception restored. Trial registration: Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2019625044006N1 (7th August 2019).

scholarly journals Effects of rehabilitation training on an elderly population with mild to moderate hearing loss: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Parisa Rasouli Fard ◽  
Farnoush Jarollahi ◽  
Seyyed Jalal Sameni ◽  
Mohammad Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Moderate Hearing Loss

Background: Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is a form of hearing loss in over 60-years-olds and has a negative impact on quality of life. Presbycusis is multifactorial and is predominately characterised with a loss of speech perception in noise. In the cochlea, auditory filters decompose broadband sound into a series of narrowband output signals, which contains two kinds of temporal information: slow changes in overall amplitude envelope (ENV) and faster variations in temporal fine structure (TFS). TFS is important for recognition of target speech in noise. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of TFS rehabilitation training in participants over the age of 60 years with mild to moderate hearing loss. Methods: A randomised clinical trial  conducted on 30 participants with mild (loss of 20-39dB HL) to moderate (40-69dB HL) hearing loss, aged between 60 and 75 years old. Participants with conductive hearing loss, abnormal middle ear pathology and central nervous system disease were excluded. Participants were selected randomly  to an intervention and control group with a 1:1 ratio. Rehabilitation for the intervention Group are 30-minute sessions three times a week for a total five weeks of vowel consonant vowel words that are used to eliminate ENV and keep only TFS. Word in noise test, binaural TFS test, and Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale scores are performed at the beginning and end of study to evaluate the effect of rehabilitation training. Conclusion:  Life expectancy in the elderly has improved, leading to an increased prevalence of age-related diseases including presbycusis. A literature review highlighted that TFS damage is permanent; however, in this study we will attempt to prove that TFS training may lead to speech in noise perception improvement. Trial registration: Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2019625044006N1 (7th August 2019).

scholarly journals Nutrient intake and dietary changes during a 2-year multi-domain lifestyle intervention among older adults: secondary analysis of the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Lehtisalo ◽  
Tiia Ngandu ◽  
Päivi Valve ◽  
Riitta Antikainen ◽  
Tiina Laatikainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dietary Counselling ◽  
Age Related

AbstractAdvancing age increases the risk for diseases and health concerns like cognitive decline, constituting a major public health challenge. Lifestyle, especially healthy diet, affects many risk factors related to chronic diseases, and thus lifestyle interventions among older adults may be beneficial in promoting successful ageing. We completed a randomised 2-year multi-domain lifestyle intervention trial aiming at prevention of cognitive decline among 631 participants in the intervention and 629 in the control group, aged 60–77 years at baseline. Dietary counselling was one of the intervention domains together with strength exercise, cognitive training and management of CVD risk factors. The aim of this paper was to describe success of the intervention – that is, how an intervention based on national dietary recommendations affected dietary habits as a part of multi-intervention. Composite dietary intervention adherence score comprising nine distinct goals (range 0–9 points from none to achieving all goals) was 5·0 at baseline, and increased in the intervention group after the 1st (P<0·001) and 2nd (P=0·005) year. The difference in change compared with the control group was significant at both years (P<0·001 and P=0·018). Intake of several vitamins and minerals decreased in the control group but remained unchanged or increased in the intervention group during the 2 years. Well-targeted dietary counselling may prevent age-related decline in diet quality and help in preventing cognitive decline.

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