The Motivational Impact of Sales Quotas on Effort

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhinuk Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Sales Quotas ◽  
The Impact

A conceptual framework is presented that resolves some of the conflicts and inconsistencies in the various paradigms pertaining to goal setting. Hypotheses about the impact of quota level, expectancy, and self-efficacy on motivation are developed and tested in a laboratory experiment in which the subjects assume the role of salespersons and negotiate with opponents whose roles are simulated by a custom-designed computer program. The results indicate that as quota level is increased, effort increases only up to a point, after which increases in the level of the quota may actually decrease effort. Additionally, the impact of increased quota levels is stronger for subjects who are high in self-efficacy than for subjects who are low in self-efficacy. Finally, information about the level of task difficulty also influences the motivation to expend effort at the task.

The Role of Career Self-Efficacy on the Effect of Parental Career Behaviors on Career Exploration: A Study on School of Tourism and Hotel Management’ Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selahattin Kanten ◽  
Pelin Kanten ◽  
Murat Yeşiltaş
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hotel Management ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the impact of parental career behaviors on undergraduate student’s career exploration and the mediating role of career self-efficacy. In the literature it is suggested that some social and individual factors facilitate students’ career exploration. Therefore, parental career behaviors and career self-efficacy is considered as predictors of student’s career exploration attitudes within the scope of the study. In this respect, data which are collected from 405 undergraduate students having an education on tourism and hotel management field by the survey method are analyzed by using the structural equation modeling. The results of the study indicate that parental career behaviors which are addressed support; interference and lack of engagement have a significant effect on student’s career exploration behaviors such as intended-systematic exploration, environment exploration and self-exploration. In addition, it has been found that one of the dimensions of parental career behaviors addressed as a lack of engagement has a significant effect on career self-efficacy levels of students. However, research results indicate that student’s career self-efficacy has a significant effect on only the self-exploration dimension. On the other hand, career self-efficacy has a partial mediating role between lack of engagement attitudes of parents and career exploration behaviors of students.

Conceptual Framework for Non-Algorithmic Education in STEAM Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Marina Morari
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
Steam Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

This chapter is based on a theoretical study of reflexivity, as a non-algorithmic method for Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematic (STEAM Education). It explores the key shift in artistic education, embracing the role of scientific and artistic knowledge, knowledge development as an inner experience, importance of art for spiritual intelligence, as well as the philosophical and psychological dimensions of metacognition (as thinking about thinking). The focus in this chapter is related on understanding the complexity of reflexivity and the impact of metacognition within development of the artistic competence. Finally, the methodological research provides a conceptual framework that is important for learning design of non-algorithmic education.

Intervention Mediators in a Randomized Controlled Trial to Increase Physical Activity and Fatigue Self-management Behaviors Among Adults With Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Plow ◽  
Robert W Motl ◽  
Marcia Finlayson ◽  
Francois Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Step Count ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background People with multiple sclerosis (MS) often experience fatigue, which is aggravated by inactivity. Identifying mediators of changes in physical activity (PA) and fatigue self-management (FSM) behaviors could optimize future interventions that reduce the impact of MS fatigue. Purpose To examine the effects of telephone-delivered interventions on Social Cognitive Theory constructs and test whether these constructs mediated secondary outcomes of PA and FSM behaviors. Methods Participants with MS (n = 208; Mean age = 52.1; Female = 84.6%) were randomized into contact–control intervention (CC), PA-only intervention, and PA+FSM intervention. Step count (Actigraphy) and FSM behaviors as well as self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and goal setting for PA and FSM were measured at baseline, post-test (12 weeks), and follow-up (24 weeks). Path analyses using bias-corrected bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals (CI) determined whether constructs at post-test mediated behaviors at follow-up when adjusting for baseline measures. Results Path analysis indicated that PA-only (β = 0.50, p < .001) and PA+FSM interventions (β = 0.42, p < .010) had an effect on goal setting for PA, and that PA + FSM intervention had an effect on self-efficacy for FSM (β = 0.48, p = .011) and outcome expectations for FSM (β = 0.42, p = .029). Goal setting for PA at post-test mediated the effects of PA-only (β = 159.45, CI = 5.399, 371.996) and PA + FSM interventions (β = 133.17, CI = 3.104, 355.349) on step count at follow-up. Outcome expectations for FSM at post-test mediated the effects of PA + FSM intervention on FSM behaviors at follow-up (β = 0.02, CI = 0.001, 0.058). Conclusions Goal setting for PA and outcome expectations for FSM may be important constructs to target in telephone-delivered interventions designed to reduce the impact of MS fatigue. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01572714)

scholarly journals Basic Income, Wages, and Productivity: A Laboratory Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veera Amanda Jokipalo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Gift Exchange ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Unemployment Benefit ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper reports the results of an economic lab experiment designed to test the impact of Basic Income (BI) on wages and productivity. The experimental design is based on the classic gift exchange game. Participants assigned the role of employer were tasked with making wage offers, and those assigned as employees chose how hard they would work in return. In addition to a control without any social security net, BI was compared to unemployment benefits, and both types of cash transfers were tested at two levels. The results are that wage offers were increased in both the BI and unemployment benefit treatments compared to the control. The higher-level BI treatment also significantly increased effort. Further experimentation could shed more light on how the potential extra value created in the labor market through increased productivity would be divided between employers and employees.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of a defender role-play intervention on adolescent’s defender intentions and responses towards name-calling

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-169
Author(s):  
Nicola Abbott ◽  
Lindsey Cameron ◽  
Jayne Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Peer Interaction ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Play Intervention ◽  
Peer Victimisation ◽  
The Impact

Researchers and anti-bullying organisations have increasingly turned their attention to the role of bystanders in tackling bullying and peer victimisation (e.g. name-calling). The objective of this study was to develop and assess the impact of a role-play programme designed to strengthen adolescent’s defending behaviour to name-calling. This was measured in two contexts: defending intentions in an outgroup name-calling scenario and cyber-defender behaviour in a scripted online peer interaction. Participants ( N = 121, Mage = 12.90 years) were randomly assigned to either a role-play condition or a control condition. Results showed that defender intentions in an outgroup name-calling scenario were higher in the role-play condition, compared to the control; in addition, cyber-defender behaviour was more likely and quicker in the role-play condition, compared to the control. Defender self-efficacy was found to be significantly higher in the role-play condition, and mediated the effect of the role-play programme on defender intentions. Findings also revealed that defender intentions were positively correlated with cyber-defender behaviour, highlighting a link between intentions and behaviour. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals The impact of ethical leadership on service innovation behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahri Özsungur
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Service Innovation ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Innovation Behavior

Purpose Ethical leadership is at the forefront of what matters in today’s business life and current issues, with a view to making strong moral decisions through bilateral communication. Service innovation behavior is important in terms of individual and institutional actions in the process of producing and implementing new ideas. Investigating the mediating role of psychological capital which consists of self-efficacy, optimism, hope and psychological endurance dimensions, between ethical leadership and service innovation behavior, is a matter to be investigated. This study aims to assess the impact of ethical leadership on service innovation behavior by means of a comprehensive literature review. In this framework, psychological capital forms the scope of researching the mediating role. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted with 376 blue-collar workers randomly selected from 140 company which were selected from 1,294 joint stock companies among 76,882 companies operating in the province of Adana in Turkey and registered in the Adana Chamber of Commerce, by applying a questionnaire of 40 items. Findings As a result of the factor analysis, 6 items which could not provide reliability were extracted from the scale and the remaining 34 items were distributed in three factors and the validity of the construct validity was measured by the convergence and divergence methods. Construct reliability (CR) values were found to be statistically significant (SRMR: 0.50, RMSEA = 0.058, IFI: 0.955, CFI = 0.97, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.86, TLI = 0.97, χ2/s.d. = 2.264) when it was above 0.7, and the structural equation model determined that the research data and the initially determined model are compatible. Ethical leadership has a significant effect on psychological capital (ß = 0.224, p < 0.001), ethical leadership has a significant effect on innovation (ß = 0.113, p < 0.001), psychological capital was found to have a significant influence on service innovation (ß = 0.965, p < 0.001), and ethical leadership was mediated by psychological capital on service innovation behavior (SIE = 0.235). Research limitations/implications Further research is needed to assess conducting research in enterprises with different cultural characteristics. This paper provides the effectiveness of ethical leadership and psychological capital factors, which are effective in improving employee service innovation behavior and enabling managers to develop human resources strategies in this respect. Practical implications The results provide the impact of ethical leadership on the productivity of employees in the workplace and provide practical benefits in terms of developing innovation-oriented service development behaviors. Social implications The innovative behaviors of the employees enable the development of innovative ideas in social life by contributing to consumer satisfaction and economy. Ethical leadership ensures positive behaviors in the society by ensuring that employees in the workplace develop justice sentiments. Originality/value The mediating role of psychological capital between ethical leadership and service innovation behavior has not been investigated before. In this study, the effects of self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience factors were investigated in providing ethical leaders and employees, creating value in the enterprise, and in providing innovation-focused services for employees.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL LABOR ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT WITH MEDIATORY ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY AMONG CALL CENTRE EMPLOYEES IN PAKISTAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Qudsia Jabeen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Call Centre ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper was to examine the impact of emotional labor on organizational commitment with mediatory role of self-efficacy. Data were collected from 120 employees working in different Call Centers across Pakistan using a questionnaire. Results indicate that emotional labor is negatively associated with organizational commitment even though the relationship is insignificant. While mediatory role of self-efficacy is established, implications are also discussed.

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