Comparison of pre-emptive butorphanol or metamizole with ketamine +medetomidine and s-ketamine + medetomidine anaesthesia in improving intraoperative analgesia in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-469
Author(s):  
C Bauer ◽  
U Schillinger ◽  
J Brandl ◽  
A Meyer-Lindenberg ◽  
A Ott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Painful Stimulus ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Controlled Ventilation ◽  
Withdrawal Reaction ◽  
Potential Improvement ◽  
Frequency Pulse

In accordance with the ‘refinement’ component of the 3Rs, the primary aim of this study was to investigate and compare ketamine + medetomidine (KM) and s-ketamine + medetomidine (SKM) anaesthetic protocols in C57BL/6J mice (both sexes). We sought to determine whether s-ketamine could provide adequate surgical tolerance at a 50% dose relative to that of ketamine racemate and whether antagonism of medetomidine could be initiated 15 min earlier. The second aim was to investigate the potential improvement in analgesia for both anaesthetic protocols by adding butorphanol or metamizole. Analgesia was tested via the pedal withdrawal reaction (PWR) to a painful stimulus. During anaesthesia, respiratory frequency, pulse oximetry, body temperature and PWR were monitored. Among the 16 mice in each group, the PWR was lost in all the KM + metamizole (35:56 ± 6:07 min), KM + butorphanol (43:45 ± 2:14 min) and SKM + butorphanol (24:03 ± 5:50 min) mice, 15 of the non-premedicated KM (37:00 ± 8:11 min) mice, and 9 of the pure SKM (20:00 ± 4:19 min) mice; the latter group increased to 11 mice (17:16 ± 5:10 min) with premedication of metamizole. In contrast to the racemic combination, s-ketamine at the dose used here did not lead to sufficient loss of the PWR. However, earlier partial antagonism of SKM resulted in a slightly shorter and qualitatively better recovery than later partial antagonism of SKM. The addition of metamizole or butorphanol to KM or SKM anaesthesia positively influences the analgesic quality. However, when butorphanol is added, controlled ventilation may be necessary, especially for male mice.

On the Regulation of the Respiration in Reptiles

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
BODIL NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Instantaneous Increase

1. In two species of Lacerta (L. viridis and L. sicula) the effects on respiration of body temperature (changes in metabolic rate) and of CO2 added to the inspired air were studied. 2. Pulmonary ventilation increases when body temperature increases. The increase is brought about by an increase in respiratory frequency. No relationship is found between respiratory depth and temperature. 3. The rise in ventilation is provoked by the needs of metabolism and is not established for temperature regulating purposes (in the temperature interval 10°-35°C). 4. The ventilation per litre O2 consumed has a high numerical value (about 75, compared to about 20 in man). It varies with the body temperature and demonstrates that the inspired air is better utilized at the higher temperatures. 5. Pulmonary ventilation increases with increasing CO2 percentages in the inspired air between o and 3%. At further increases in the CO2 percentage (3-13.5%) it decreases again. 6. At each CO2 percentage the pulmonary ventilation reaches a steady state after some time (10-60 min.) and is then unchanged over prolonged periods (1 hr.). 7. The respiratory frequency in the steady state decreases with increasing CO2 percentages. The respiratory depth in the steady state increases with increasing CO2 percentages. This effect of CO2 breathing is not influenced by a change in body temperature from 20° to 30°C. 8. Respiration is periodically inhibited by CO2 percentages above 4%. This inhibition, causing a Cheyne-Stokes-like respiration, ceases after a certain time, proportional to the CO2 percentage (1 hr. at 8-13% CO2), and respiration becomes regular (steady state). Shift to room air breathing causes an instantaneous increase in frequency to well above the normal value followed by a gradual decrease to normal values. 9. The nature of the CO2 effect on respiratory frequency and respiratory depth is discussed, considering both chemoreceptor and humoral mechanisms.

scholarly journals N- and O-Acetylated 3-Iodothyronamines Have No Metabolic or Thermogenic Effects in Male Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Sogol Gachkar ◽  
Rebecca Oelkrug ◽  
Beate Herrmann ◽  
Thomas S. Scanlan ◽  
Qian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Resonance Analysis ◽  
Target Gene Transcription

Introduction: Injection of 3-iodothyronamine into experimental animals profoundly affects their metabolism and body temperature. As 3-iodothyronamine is rapidly acetylated in vivo after injection, it was hypothesized that the metabolites N- or O-acetyl-3-iodothyronamines could constitute the active hormones. Methods: Adult male mice were injected once daily with one of the metabolites (5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally dissolved in 60% DMSO in PBS) or solvent. Metabolism was monitored by indirect calorimetry, body temperature by infrared thermography, and body composition by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Signaling activities in brown fat or liver were assessed by studying target gene transcription by qPCR including uncoupling protein 1 or deiodinase type 1 or 2, and Western blot. Results: The markers of metabolism, body composition, or temperature tested were similar in the mice injected with solvent and those injected with one of the acetylated 3-iodothyronamines. Conclusions: In our experimental setup, N- and O-acetyl-3-iodothyronamine do not constitute compounds contributing to the metabolic or temperature effects described for 3-iodothyronamine. The acetylation of 3-iodothyronamine observed in vivo may thus rather serve degradation and elimination purposes.

scholarly journals A Two Centre Observational Study of Simultaneous Pulse Oximetry and Arterial Oxygen Saturation Recordings in Intensive Care Unit Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Ebmeier ◽  
M. Barker ◽  
M. Bacon ◽  
R. C. Beasley ◽  
R. Bellomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pulse Oximetry ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Significant Bias

The influence of variables that might affect the accuracy of pulse oximetry (SpO2) recordings in critically ill patients is not well established. We sought to describe the relationship between paired SpO2/SaO2 (oxygen saturation via arterial blood gas analysis) in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients and to describe the diagnostic performance of SpO2 in detecting low SaO2 and PaO2. A paired SpO2/SaO2 measurement was obtained from 404 adults in ICU. Measurements were used to calculate bias, precision, and limits of agreement. Associations between bias and variables including vasopressor and inotrope use, capillary refill time, hand temperature, pulse pressure, body temperature, oximeter model, and skin colour were estimated. There was no overall statistically significant bias in paired SpO2/SaO2 measurements; observed limits of agreement were +/-4.4%. However, body temperature, oximeter model, and skin colour, were statistically significantly associated with the degree of bias. SpO2 <89% had a sensitivity of 3/7 (42.9%; 95% confidence intervals, CI, 9.9% to 81.6%) and a specificity of 344/384 (89.6%; 95% CI 86.1% to 92.5%) for detecting SaO2 <89%. The absence of statistically significant bias in paired SpO2/SaO2 in adult ICU patients provides support for the use of pulse oximetry to titrate oxygen therapy. However, SpO2 recordings alone should be used cautiously when SaO2 recordings of 4.4% higher or lower than the observed SpO2 would be of concern. A range of variables relevant to the critically ill had little or no effect on bias.

Testosterone reduces metabolic brown fat activity in male mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Lantero Rodriguez ◽  
Maaike Schilperoort ◽  
Inger Johansson ◽  
Elin Svedlund Eriksson ◽  
Vilborg Palsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Core Body

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns substantial amounts of mainly lipids to produce heat. Some studies indicate that BAT activity and core body temperature are lower in males than females. Here we investigated the role of testosterone and its receptor (the androgen receptor; AR) in metabolic BAT activity in male mice. Castration, which renders mice testosterone deficient, slightly promoted the expression of thermogenic markers in BAT, decreased BAT lipid content, and increased basal lipolysis in isolated brown adipocytes. Further, castration increased the core body temperature. Triglyceride-derived fatty acid uptake, a proxy for metabolic BAT activity in vivo, was strongly increased in BAT from castrated mice (4.5-fold increase vs. sham-castrated mice) and testosterone replacement reversed the castration-induced increase in metabolic BAT activity. BAT-specific AR deficiency did not mimic the castration effects in vivo and AR agonist treatment did not diminish the activity of cultured brown adipocytes in vitro, suggesting that androgens do not modulate BAT activity via a direct, AR-mediated pathway. In conclusion, testosterone is a negative regulator of metabolic BAT activity in male mice. Our findings provide new insight into the metabolic actions of testosterone.

scholarly journals Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Buah Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) terhadap Suhu Tubuh, Frekuensi Pernapasan dan Profil Sel Darah Putih Kambing Peranakan Etawa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Dwi Wijayanti ◽  
Firgian Ardigurnita
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Current Observation

ABSTRAK. Buah parijoto termasuk tanaman herbal yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang peternakan sebagai obat dan pakan ternak. Kandungan buah parijoto berupa flavonoid, antioksidan dan saponin dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan suhu tubuh, frekuensi pernapasan dan profil sel darah putih kambing Peranakan Etawa yang diberi ekstrak buah parijoto. Kambing Peranakan Etawa betina berjumlah 16 ekor umur 1,5-2 tahun dengan bobot badan 80±0,57 kg. Ekstrak buah parijoto diberikan selama 21 hari dan semua data parameter diambil pada hari ke-1, ke-7, ke-14 dan ke-21. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2 faktor (dosis pemberian dan waktu pengamatan) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan 4 ulangan. Hasil Interaksi dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dengan waktu pengamatan tidak berpengaruh terhadap suhu badan pada kambing Peranakan Etawa dan antara perlakuan dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dan waktu pengamatan terhadap suhu badan, frekuensi pernapasan dan presentasi neutrofil pada kambing peranakan etawa dengan nilai berturut turut yaitu 0,71; 0,25 dan 0,56 (P0,05). Interaksi dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dengan waktu pengamatan yaitu 0,02; 0,03; 0,01 sehingga terdapat pengaruh nyata (P0,05) antara perlakuan dosis ekstrak buah parijoto dan waktu pengamatan terhadap jumlah sel darah putih, presentasi monosit dan presentasi eosinophil pada kambing peranakan etawa. Pemberian ekstrak buah parijoto dengan dosis dan waktu pengamatan memberikan pengaruh (P0,05) terhadap dengan jumlah sel darah putih, presentasi monosit, presentasi eosinophil tetapi tidak berpengaruh (P0,05) pada suhu badan, frekuensi pernapasan dan presentasi neutrofil.  (Effects of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) fruit extract in body temperature, respiratory frequency and profile of white blood cells on etawa crossbred goat) ABSTRACT. Parijoto fruit includes herbs that can be utilized in the field of livestock as medicine and fodder. The content of the Parijoto fruit in the form of flavonoids, antioxidants, and saponins can increase body endurance. The study aims to determine the relation of body temperature, respiratory frequency and the profile of white blood cells of the Etawa crossbred goat which had given Parijoto fruit extract. The Etawa crossbred goat is 16 head 1.5-2 years old with body weight 80 ± 0.57 kg. Parijoto fruit extracts were administered for 21 days and all parameter data is taken on the 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st day. The study used a complete randomized design of 2-factor factorial (given dose and observation time) consisting of 4 4-replay treatments. The parameters calculated in this study are body temperature, respiratory frequency, white blood cell count, differential leukocytes. The interaction of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract with the time of observation has no effect on the body temperature in the etawa crossbred goat and the treatment of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract and during observation of the body temperature, respiratory frequency and presentation of neutrophils in the  Etawa crossbred goat 0.25 and 0.56 (P0.05). Interaction of the dose of Parijoto fruit extract with the current observation of 0.02, 0.03, 0.01 So there is a noticeable influence (P0.05) between the dose treatment of parijoto fruit extract and when observing the number of white blood cells, monocyte presentation and eosinophil presentation on the  Etawa crossbred goat. The administration of Parijoto fruit extracts with doses and when the observation gives effect (P0.05) against the number of white blood cells, monocyte presentation, eosinophil presentation but has no effect (P0.05) at body temperature, respiratory frequency and neutrophil presentation.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenetic excitation of the median raphe region affects social and depressive-like behavior and core body temperature in male mice

Life Sciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 120037
Author(s):  
Csilla Lea Fazekas ◽  
Manon Bellardie ◽  
Bibiána Török ◽  
Eszter Sipos ◽  
Blanka Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Median Raphe ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Core Body ◽  
Median Raphé

Respiratory and Cardiovascular Responses of the Pigeon to Sustained, Level Flight in a Wind-Tunnel

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BUTLER ◽  
N. H. WEST ◽  
D. R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

1. Five pigeons were trained to fly in a boundary-layer wind-tunnel at a velocity of 10 m s−1 for at least 10 min, and a number of respiratory and cardiovascular variables were recorded. For comparison, heart rate, respiratory frequency and E.M.G. from the pectoralis major muscles were also recorded, using radio-telemetry, from free-flying pigeons. 2. For the flights in the wind tunnel there were immediate increases in respiratory frequency and heart rate upon take-off; these variables continued to increase during the flight, eventually becoming on average 411 breaths min−1 (20 × resting) and 670 beats min−1 (6 × resting) respectively. There was a 1:1 relationship between ventilation and wing beat. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production reached their highest values of 12.5 × and 14.4 × resting respectively within 1 min of take-off and then declined to steady levels of 200 ml kg−1 min S.T.P.D. (10 × resting) and 184 ml kg−1 min S.T.P.D. (10.7 × resting) 4 min after take-off. If allowances are made for the weightand drag of the VOO2 mask and tubes, these stable values are at least 12% higher than would occur in an unloaded bird. Body temperature rose steadily after take-off, reaching a stable value of 43.3°C, which was 2°C above resting, after 6 min of flight. There was a 1.8 × rise in a -vOO2 content difference and little change in cardiac stroke volume during flight, so that the rise in heart rate was the major factor in transporting the extra O2 to the active muscles. Respiratory quotient rose from 0.85 at rest to 0.99, 30 s after take off, and then fell to 0.92 after 7 min of flight. Blood lactate rose to 59.8 mg% (6.5 × its resting value). 3. Comparisons with the free-flying birds indicated that the pattern of flight in the wind tunnel was somewhat abnormal, especially at the beginning of a flight, and this may account for the value of VOO2 being higher at the start of a flight and then declining to a steady value as the flight progressed. 4. Upon landing, heart rate, V·O1V·CO2 and body temperature began to fall immediately, and within 2 min, heart rate, V·O2 and V·CO2 had returned to the ‘tunnel on’ resting values. Respiratory frequency increased upon landing and its decline closely matched the fall in body temperature. R.Q. rose above unity immediately upon landing as CO2 was removed in excess of its metabolic production, and then fell below the resting value as CO2 was retained, presumably to maintain acid/base balance during the metabolism of lactic acid.

scholarly journals Distiller’s dried grain with solubles (Zea mays L) in the diet of sheep reared in the tropical region of Brazil: ingestive behavior and physiological parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1267
Author(s):  
Luiz Juliano Valério Geron ◽  
Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar ◽  
Jocilaine Garcia ◽  
Lúcia Maria Zeoula ◽  
Kallynka Samara Martins Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Tropical Environment ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Regression Equations

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of inclusion of different levels of distiller’s dried grain with solubles (DDGS) in the diet of sheep raised in the tropical region of Brazil on ingestive behavior and physiological parameters. We used four sheep with mean body weight (BW) of 25 ± 2 kg, distributed in a Latin square design, with four periods, and four DDGS inclusion levels (0, 8, 16, and 24%). The sheep were placed in metabolism cages, and received two meals per day. The data on ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of the sheep were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the observed differences were tested using regression equations at 5% probability. The inclusion of DDGS levels in sheep diets did not change the time spent on ingestive behavior, such as dry matter intake (DMI), rumination (RUM), resting (RES), water intake (WAI), and other activities (OAC) expressed in minutes. However, during the night period, there was an increase (p < 0.05) in the time spent ruminating in relation to the daytime period. However, there was a reduction (p < 0.05) in the time spent on the activities of RES and WAI of the sheep. The inclusion of DDGS in sheep rations did not change (p > 0.05) the physiological parameters measured. However, we found that the afternoon period influenced (p < 0.05) the physiological parameters evaluated, such as body temperature of the front (BTF), body temperature of the rear (BTR), rectal temperature (RET), and respiratory frequency (REF), which were higher in relation to the values observed in the morning. Thus, we conclude that the inclusion of up to 24% of dried distillery grains with solubles in the feeding of sheep in the tropical region of Brazil does not alter the ingestive behavior and physiological parameters of sheep. However, sheep raised in confinement in the tropical region of Brazil spent more time ruminating at night. During the day, sheep spent more time on resting activities and water intake. In addition, sheep raised in a tropical environment need to be monitored for thermal stress during the afternoon, due to the increase in rectal temperature and respiratory frequency. In addition, sheep raised in a tropical environment require greater monitoring of thermal stress during the afternoon, due to the elevation of physiological parameters such as rectal temperature and respiratory frequency in this period.

Vagal control of respiratory pattern during hyperpnea in domestic fowl

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1650-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gleeson ◽  
J. H. Brackenbury
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Varied Pattern ◽  
Before And After

Minute volume, tidal volume, and respiratory frequency were measured during hyperpnea induced by exercise, increased body temperature, and CO2 inhalation. Ventilatory characteristics were compared before and after the vagus nerve had been blocked. In normal birds exercise produced increases in both tidal volume and respiratory frequency; hyperthermia produced a typical thermal polypnea consisting of greatly increased respiratory frequency and reduced tidal volume; CO2 inhalation produced increases in tidal volume and respiratory frequency when the birds were euthermic but a slowing of respiratory rate when the birds were hyperthermic. After vagal block these pronounced differences in the pattern of ventilatory response to the various respiratory stimuli were abolished. Instead there was a uniform ventilatory response to all three stimuli consisting mainly of increases in tidal volume combined with small increases in respiratory frequency. It is concluded that in the normal animal control of the varied pattern of ventilatory response to different respiratory stimuli is dependent on vagal fiber activity.

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