Potentialities of short-rotation forestry for developing countries

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Klaus Steinbeck
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Short Rotation

An old forest management system holds new promise for meeting the fuel, food, and fibre demands of bourgeoning humanity. Intensively practised coppice forestry adapted to local conditions, can be an important source notably of fuelwood but also of raw material for reconstituted wood products and a possible source of other fuels such as alcohol or gas.

Impact of world economic and demographic growth on forest-products consumption and wood requirements

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Buongiorno ◽  
Gerold L. Grosenick
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Demographic Growth

A model fitted to cross-sectional observations is proposed which links the growth of consumption of structural wood materials and paper and paperboard to the economic and demographic growth of developed and developing economies. It was found that the response of consumption per capita to a specific growth of income per capita decreases systematically as the level of consumption attained increases. The consumption functions, for both groups of products, differed significantly for high-income and low-income countries. A set of input-output relationships was also established to estimate the amounts of wood pulp and industrial roundwood required to produce specific amounts of structural and paper materials. Those relationships have significantly shifted during the period 1961–1971, indicating an improvement in the efficiency of raw-material usage by the wood-products industries. The full model was applied to calculate the levels of consumption and of raw-material requirements consistent with Timbergen's indicative world plan (Timbergen, J. 1976. Development and environment aims: an intuitive view. In World modeling: a dialogue. Editedby C. W. Churchman and R. O. Mason. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 55–61). Given Timbergen's targets for world economic and demographic growth, a considerable improvement would occur in the balance of consumption between developed and developing countries but consumption per capita of industrial roundwood equivalent would still be three times higher in developed countries by the year 2010. The main growth of industrial roundwood consumption would occur in the paper and paperboard industry which would consume 65% of the world output by the end of the period. Developing countries would by that time become the main market for paper and paperboard products.

scholarly journals Effect of Application ISO 38200:2018 Chain of Wood Products Custody toward Paper Company Competitiveness in Borneo Island Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Agus Purwanto ◽  
Masduki Asbari ◽  
Priyono Budi Santoso ◽  
Laksmi Mayesti Wijayanti ◽  
Choi Chi Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Satisfaction Index ◽  
Paper Company ◽  
Business Competitiveness

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the implementation of the ISO 38200: 2018 management system on the competitiveness of companies for the paper industry. This research was carried out in several companies that use wood as raw material for production in Kalimantan Indonesia with a total of 263 company respondents who have implemented a management system ISO 38200: 2018. The research background is due to lack of research on the benefits of ISO 38200:2018 in wood companies in Borneo Indonesia. The data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires on september until october 2019 and analyzing data processing use Structural Equation Model (SEM) and software Linear Structural Model (LISREL) version 8.70. The results show that the implementation of ISO 38200:2018 has significantly influenced business competitiveness such as increase customer satisfaction index, increase sales, increase productivity and safety and employee satisfaction.

Storage Problems of Poplar Chips from Short Rotation Plantations with Special Emphasis on Fungal Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Horváth ◽  
Béla Marosvölgyi ◽  
Christine Idler ◽  
Ralf Pecenka ◽  
Hannes Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Fungal Particles

Abstract - There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling. The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development.

scholarly journals Determinants of Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste Management System in Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananta Raj Dhungana
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Management System ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Solid Waste Management System ◽  
At Home

Solid waste management is one of the developmental challenges facing city authorities worldwide, especially in most developing countries. Rapid urbanization has made solid waste management a serious problem in poor and developing countries. This study aims to analyze the determinants of willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system. For this purpose, two hundred and seventeen Households were selected in Lekhnath, Kaski, Nepal. Pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was collected by using systematic random sampling techniques. Multiple Linear Regression analysis was used to find the determinants of willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system. The tentative average wastes produced per day from their house is one kilogram with minimum one hundred gram and maximum ten kilogram per day. Main disposal method/site for solid waste management of majority of the respondents is Burn followed by cannal, near open places, send in waste management vehicle, road side and rivulets. Almost all of the respondents are not satisfied with the community responsible for solid waste management in the study area. The average amount that the respondents have willingness to pay for solid waste management system is Rs 56.84 per month. Further, it is found that Having any member abroad, Remittance received in last one year and House ownership are the major determining factors for willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system in the study area. However, other factors like Sex of the respondents, age of the respondents, family size, Family type, Caste/ethnicity, education of the respondents, Total number of employed person at home, Total number of literate person at home, Major occupation of the respondents, tentative weight of accumulated solid waste per day, Monthly Income of household, Visit at any hotel/restaurant during last 12 months, and Having any livestock at household do not have any significant impact on willingness to pay for improved solid waste management system. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 6 (December 2017)

NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT BUILDINGS AND CITIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Widera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
End User ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
And Performance

The paper addresses the topic of nature-based solutions applied in the architectural and urban design. These ideas are analyzed in the context of the opportunities they create for the humanity in terms of the sustainable growth and environmental protection. Nature-based solutions are inherently taken from nature. The first part of the paper presents their tremendous potential to be energy and resource-efficient, and resilient to change. In the second part of the research particular concepts driven from nature (copied form nature or inspired by nature) proposed for the buildings and cities are described and evaluated. The author discusses their functional usefulness, spatial appropriateness, adaptation to local conditions, end-user comfort, environmental benefits and the possibility of duplication. Nature-based solutions applied in urban planning can make cities more climate resilient and contribute to ecosystems restoration. The paper describes how sustainable urbanization can stimulate economic growth, make cities more attractive and enhance well-being of the inhabitants. It is also explained how particular buildings can benefit from the concepts driven from nature e.g. by increasing their energy efficiency and performance in terms of raw material consumption. In purpose to properly response to the climate challenge, humanity has to establish a new kind of partnership with nature. Using nature-based solutions should be considered as an important part of this approach. The concepts presented in this paper show some of the most promising options, such as integration of living systems with built systems and innovative combinations of soft and hard engineering. In conclusion some of the most promising nature-based solutions for climate resilient buildings and cities are indicated

Hospital information systems in developing countries: a state-of-the-art systematic review

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lei ◽  
Jianming Liu ◽  
Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Purpose Hospital information system (HIS) can be examined as a vital factor for developing the quality of health care and cost managing. There exists abundant literature on HISs, but implementation-based literature of HIS is rare, typically about progressive countries. However, a study that can comprehensively review published articles is scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the systematic and comprehensive study of HIS in developed countries. Together, the benefits and harms relevant to HIS’s different mechanisms have been considered, and the fundamental challenges of them are addressed to design more efficient HIS in the future. Design/methodology/approach HIS has been used globally for numerous years and is now being used in a wide area. HIS is broadly used in clinical settings. Information technology (IT) and information system have been suggested as a required piece to solve the health-care-related issues. Hence, to improve HIS’s ability, this paper conducted a review method concentratating on research related to HIS until 2019. A total of 21 papers were recognized and examined as principal research for the summary. Findings The authors found that HIS can help in reduction of medical mistakes, enhancement doctors’ performance and increase in the quality of the care provided. HIS management can be used to provide better health-care services. Therefore, HIS must be sensible and use clear structures. The authors conclude that, generally, with an increase in awareness, acceptability and the need for HIS worldwide, there will be more strategies and approaches available. Research limitations/implications First, this paper provides an outline of the status of HIS. Second, it identifies some distinct research gaps that could be worth studying. Some flawless work may be removed because of applying some filters to select the original articles. Surveying all the papers on the topic of HIS is impossible, too. Practical implications Design and sustainability of HIS is still a big issue for most developing countries, despite its wide usage in the developed countries. The technology is changing rapidly, so the field should be reviewed regularly. This paper suggests a suitable framework that will guide HIS in the local conditions of developing countries. Social implications The government will be assisted by the suggested solving ways in its performance and design of electronic health-care projects. Originality/value The study brings the viewpoints on the state of HIS mechanisms in developing countries. The paper’s results can offer visions into future research requirements. By providing comparative information and analyzing the current growths in this area, this study will support researchers and professionals to understand the progress in HIS mechanisms better.

Optimization of steam pretreatment conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fokko Schütt ◽  
Jürgen Puls ◽  
Bodo Saake
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steam Pretreatment ◽  
Alkaline Extraction ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Steam Refining ◽  
Severity Factor ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Steam refining was investigated as a pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar wood from a short rotation plantation. The experiments were carried out without debarking to use an economically realistic raw material. Steam refining conditions were varied in the range of 3–30 min and 170–220°C, according to a factorial design created with the software JMP from SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. Predicted steaming conditions for highest glucose and xylose yields after enzymatic hydrolysis were at 210°C and 15 min. Control tests under the optimized conditions verified the predicted results. Further pretreatments without bark showed that the enzymes were not significantly inhibited by the bark. The yield of glucose and xylose was 61.9% of theoretical for the experiments with the whole raw material, whereas the yield for the experiments without bark was 63.6%. Alkaline extraction of lignin from the fibers before enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in an increase of glucose yields from mild pretreated fibers and a decrease for severe pretreated fibers. The extracted lignin had a high content of xylose of up to 14% after very mild pretreatments. On the other hand, molecular weights of the extracted lignin increased substantially after pretreatments with a severity factor above 4. Hence, alkaline extraction of the lignin seems only attractive in a narrow range of steaming conditions.

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