Experimentally Induced Single and Repeated Personal Name Confusions: The Impact of Phonological and Semantic Similarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 781-805
Author(s):  
Manuel Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Semantic Code ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
First Results ◽  
Phonological Similarities ◽  
The Impact

Three experiments investigated a common but intriguing phenomenon, that is, repeated personal name confusion, a phenomenon at the border between language and memory. The purpose of those experiments was to evaluate the impact of the semantic and phonological similarities on name confusion and to compare repeated naming confusions (i.e., repeatedly confounding two names) with single confusions (i.e., confounding two names only once) in a same experimental paradigm. In all experiments, participants (64 middle-aged participants for each experiment) were asked to memorize the association between 16 names and 16 faces (face-name learning task). In Experiments 1 and 2, the two studied variables were the phonological similarity between the confused names and the semantic similarity between the two bearers of the confused names (using a visually derived semantic code in Experiment 1 and an identity-specific semantic code in Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, the impact of those two semantic similarities between the bearers of the confused names was taken into account, whereas the phonological similarity was not taken into account. First, results showed a main effect of the phonological and semantic similarity on name confusion (more confusions when the names were phonologically related or when the bearers of the names were semantically related). Second, we found that (1) the combination of the phonological and the semantic similarity and (2) the combination of the two semantic similarities led to an increase of name confusions. Third, in the three experiments, we found that the semantic and phonological similarities had a similar impact on repeated and single confusions. Finally, results showed that participants always made more single than repeated confusions, except in the case when the bearers of the confused names shared two semantic features.

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

Assessing the Impact of the Inlet Total Pressure Distortion on the Turbofan Thrust

2018 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Ezrokhi ◽  
E. A. Khoreva
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
External Compression ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Inlet Distortion ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Engine Thrust ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Pressure Recovery Factor ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers techniques to develop a mathematical model using a method of «parallel compressors». The model is intended to estimate the impact of the air inlet distortion on the primary parameters of the aero-engine.  The paper presents rated estimation results in the context of twin spool turbofan design for two typical cruiser modes of flight of the supersonic passenger jet. In estimation the base values σbase and the average values of the inlet ram recovery σave remained invariable. Thus, parametrical calculations were performed for each chosen relative value of the area of low-pressure region.The paper shows that an impact degree of the inlet distortion on the engine thrust for two modes under consideration is essentially different. In other words, if in the subsonic mode the impact assessment can be confined only to taking into account the influence of decreasing average values of the inlet total pressure, the use of such an assumption in the supersonic cruiser mode may result in considerable errors.With invariable values of the pressure recovery factor at the engine intake, which correspond to the speed of flight for a typical air inlet of external compression σbase, and average value σave, a parameter Δσuneven  has the main effect on the engine thrust, and degree of this effect essentially depends on a difference between σave and σbase values.

scholarly journals Mixed NNLO QCD×electroweak corrections of $$ \mathcal{O} $$(Nfαsα) to single-W/Z production at the LHC

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Dittmaier ◽  
Timo Schmidt ◽  
Jan Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Z Bosons ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Self Energy ◽  
Electroweak Gauge Boson ◽  
First Results ◽  
Invariant Part ◽  
The Impact

Abstract First results on the radiative corrections of order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (Nfαsα) are presented for the off-shell production of W or Z bosons at the LHC, where Nf is the number of fermion flavours. These corrections comprise all diagrams at $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα) with closed fermion loops, form a gauge-invariant part of the next-to-next-to-leading-order corrections of mixed QCD×electroweak type, and are the ones that concern the issue of mass renormalization of the W and Z resonances. The occurring irreducible two-loop diagrams, which involve only self-energy insertions, are calculated with current standard techniques, and explicit analytical results on the electroweak gauge-boson self-energies at $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα) are given. Moreover, the generalization of the complex-mass scheme for a gauge-invariant treatment of the W/Z resonances is described for the order $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (αsα). While the corrections, which are implemented in the Monte Carlo program Rady, are negligible for observables that are dominated by resonant W/Z bosons, they affect invariant-mass distributions at the level of up to 2% for invariant masses of ≳ 500 GeV and are, thus, phenomenologically relevant. The impact on transverse-momentum distributions is similar, taking into account that leading-order predictions to those distributions underestimate the spectrum.

scholarly journals A Natural Language Processing Approach to Measuring Treatment Adherence and Consistency Using Semantic Similarity

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110286
Author(s):  
Kylie L. Anglin ◽  
Vivian C. Wong ◽  
Arielle Boguslav
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Intervention Implementation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Coaching Intervention ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Teacher Coaching ◽  
The Impact

Though there is widespread recognition of the importance of implementation research, evaluators often face intense logistical, budgetary, and methodological challenges in their efforts to assess intervention implementation in the field. This article proposes a set of natural language processing techniques called semantic similarity as an innovative and scalable method of measuring implementation constructs. Semantic similarity methods are an automated approach to quantifying the similarity between texts. By applying semantic similarity to transcripts of intervention sessions, researchers can use the method to determine whether an intervention was delivered with adherence to a structured protocol, and the extent to which an intervention was replicated with consistency across sessions, sites, and studies. This article provides an overview of semantic similarity methods, describes their application within the context of educational evaluations, and provides a proof of concept using an experimental study of the impact of a standardized teacher coaching intervention.

Cooling Efficiencies of a NiTi-Based Cooling Process

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Schütze ◽  
Stefan Seelecke
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Cooling Process ◽  
First Results ◽  
Work Input ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Energy saving and environmental protection are topics of growing interest. In the light of these aspects alternative refrigeration principles become increasingly important. Shape memory alloys (SMA), especially NiTi alloys, generate a large amount of latent heat during solid state phase transformations, which can lead to a significant cooling effect in the material. These materials do not only provide the potential for an energy-efficient cooling process, they also minimize the impact on the environment by reducing the need for conventional ozone-depleting refrigerants. Our paper, presenting first results obtained in a project within the DFG Priority Program SPP 1599 “Ferroic Cooling”, focuses on the thermodynamic analysis of a NiTi-based cooling system. We first introduce a suitable cooling process and subsequently illustrate the underlying mechanisms of the process in comparison with the conventional compression refrigeration system. We further introduce a graphical solution to calculate the energy efficiency ratio of the system. This thermodynamic analysis method shows the necessary work input and the heat absorption of the SMA in stress/strain- or temperature/entropy-diagrams, respectively. The results of the calculations underline the high potential of this solid-state cooling methodology.

When do job insecure employees adapt to change?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi N. Lavigne ◽  
Victoria L. Whitaker ◽  
Dustin K. Jundt ◽  
Mindy K. Shoss
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between job insecurity and adaptive performance (AP), contingent on changes to core work tasks, which we position as a situational cue to employees regarding important work behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Employees and their supervisors were invited to participate in the study. Supervisors were asked to provide ratings of employees’ AP and changes to core tasks; employees reported on job insecurity. Findings As predicted, changes to core tasks moderated the relationship between job insecurity and AP. Job insecurity was negatively related to AP for those experiencing low levels of change, but was not related to AP for those experiencing high levels of change. Counter to expectations, no main effect of job insecurity was found. Research limitations/implications This study employed a fairly small sample of workers from two organizations, which could limit generalizability. Practical implications The study identifies changes to core tasks as a boundary condition for the job insecurity–AP relationship. Findings suggest that organizations may not observe deleterious consequences of job insecurity on AP when changes to core tasks are high. Originality/value Few researchers have examined boundary conditions of the impact of job insecurity on AP. Furthermore, inconsistent findings regarding the link between job insecurity and AP have emerged. This study fills the gap and expands upon previous research by examining changes to core tasks as a condition under which job insecurity does not pose an issue for AP.

scholarly journals Intrauterine testosterone exposure and risk for disordered eating

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica H. Baker ◽  
Paul Lichtenstein ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Disorder Inventory ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Same Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opposite Gender

SummaryPrevious research has suggested that prenatal testosterone exposure masculinises disordered eating by comparing opposite- and same-gender twins. The objective of the current study is to replicate this finding using a sample of 439 identical and 213 fraternal females, 461 identical and 344 fraternal males, and 361 males and 371 females from opposite-gender twin pairs. Disordered eating was compared across twin types using the Eating Disorder Inventory–2. Inconsistent with previous findings, a main effect of co-twin gender was not found. Our results raise questions about the validity of prior evidence of the impact of prenatal testosterone exposure on patterns of disordered eating.

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Design Brief Information on the Creativity of Design Outcomes With Consideration of Gender and Gender Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Koronis ◽  
Pei Zhi Chia ◽  
Jacob Kang Kai Siang ◽  
Arlindo Silva ◽  
Christine Yogiaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Collaborative Sketching

This study aims to understand how information in design briefs affects the creativity of design outcomes. We tested this during a Collaborative Sketching (C-Sketch) ideation exercise with first-year undergraduate student designers. We focus on four types of stimuli—quantitative requirements, a visual example (video), a physical example, and contextual information—and we measure creativity according to three metrics—novelty, appropriateness, and usability with either the participants’ gender or the gender diversity of the participants’ groups. The findings suggest that the main effect of providing a video example results in high appropriateness and usability scores but low novelty scores and that physical-contextual briefs have high novelty and usability scores. In addition, we did not find any correlation between gender or gender diversity and creativity scores.

scholarly journals Response of Sensitive and Resistant Snap Bean Genotypes to Nighttime Ozone Concentration

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Kirsten L. Lloyd ◽  
Donald D. Davis ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
First Results ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Impact

Effects of nighttime (2000 to 0700 hr) O3 on the pod mass of sensitive (S156) and resistant (R123) snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes were assessed using continuous stirred tank reactors located within a greenhouse. Two concentration-response relationship trials were designed to evaluate yield response to nighttime O3 exposure (10 to 265 ppb) in combination with daytime exposure at background levels (44 and 62 ppb). Three replicated trials tested the impact of nighttime O3 treatment at means of 145, 144, and 145 ppb on yields. In addition, stomatal conductance (gS) measurements documented diurnal variations and assessed the effects of genotype and leaf age. During the concentration-response experiments, pod mass had a significant linear relationship with the nighttime O3 concentration across genotypes. Yield losses of 15% and 50% occurred at nighttime exposure levels of ≈45 and 145 ppb, respectively, for S156, whereas R123 yields decreased by 15% at ≈150 ppb. At low nighttime O3 levels of ≈100 ppb, R123 yields initially increased up to 116% of the treatment that received no added nighttime O3, suggesting a potential hormesis effect for R123, but not for S156. Results from replicated trials revealed significant yield losses in both genotypes following combined day and night exposure, whereas night-only exposure caused significant decreases only for S156. The gS rates ranged from less than 100 mmol·m−2·s−1 in the evening to midday levels more than 1000 mmol·m−2·s−1. At sunrise and sunset, S156 had significantly higher gS rates than R123, suggesting a greater potential O3 flux into leaves. Across genotypes, younger rapidly growing leaves had higher gS rates than mature fully expanded leaves when evaluated at four different times during the day. Although these were long-term trials, gS measurements and observations of foliar injury development suggest that acute injury, occurring at approximately the time of sunrise, also may have contributed to yield losses. To our knowledge, these are the first results to confirm that the relative O3 sensitivity of the S156/R123 genotypes is valid for nighttime exposure.

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