Time Perspective Constructs in Albanian and Italian Adolescents: Exploratory Analyses

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412091349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Worrell ◽  
Zena R. Mello ◽  
Fiorenzo Laghi ◽  
Roberto Baiocco ◽  
Antonia Lonigro
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Orientation Time ◽  
Time Relation ◽  
Psychometric Evidence

Time perspective is an important correlate of developmental outcomes in adolescence, and research has highlighted the importance of assessing the past, the present, and the future. However, there are few instruments that assess all three time periods. In the current study, we examined the responses of Italian and Albanian adolescents on the time frequency, time orientation, time relation, and time attitude subscales of the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory. Participants consisted of two samples of adolescents—246 Italians and 312 Albanians—who completed translated versions of the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory. Italian and Albanian adolescents had similar responses to time frequency and time attitudes but differed in time orientation and time relation. Additionally, psychometric evidence supported the internal consistency and structural validity of scores on five of the six time attitude subscales—Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Positive, Present Negative, and Future Positive—but provided less support for Future Negative subscale scores. Time attitude scores showed strong invariance across countries. Comparisons of time attitude mean scores in this study with time attitude means in samples from Germany, Japan, Italy, New Zealand, Turkey, and the United States revealed similarities and differences. Finally, time constructs did not have substantial associations with risky behaviors or seatbelt use. The findings suggest that the Adolescent and Adult Time Inventory can be used in cross-cultural research on time perspective and may help us understand adolescents in these contexts.

Comparing Disability Prototypes in the United States and Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Erin Martz ◽  
Samantha Daniel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Superordinate Category ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Disability Categories ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The purpose of this cross-cultural research was to examine prototypical perspectives about disability groups in the United States and Kenya. Open-ended questions permitted participants to describe what they thought were prototypical characteristics of people in four disability groups (AIDS, hearing impairment, mental illness, and spinal cord injury). A global chi-square analysis indicated that significant differences existed in the prototypical responses of the two samples. While both samples had the highest percentage in the category of disability-focused responses, there were greater ability-focused and lesser disability-focused responses in the U.S. sample in comparison to the Kenyan sample. Further, individual chi-square analyses of each superordinate category, when examining the two samples across four disability categories, demonstrated that only one superordinate category, stigma, was significantly different between the two samples, whereas the other five superordinate categories (i.e., ability focus, disaoility focus, negative emotions, positive emotions, and random response) exhibited no significant differences. Implications of the findings are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Who Has Active Lifestyles? Personality and Activity Diversity in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 250-250
Author(s):  
Soomi Lee ◽  
Susan Charles ◽  
Karen Fingerman ◽  
David Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Active Lifestyles

Abstract Broad and even participation across daily activities (“activity diversity”) has been found to be associated with better health. Less is known about who has greater activity diversity. We examined whether personality traits are associated with activity diversity in two independent samples of adults. Data came from the Midlife in the United States Study II and Refresher (n=2623, Mage=54yrs) and Daily Experiences and Well-being in Late Life Study (n=308, Mage=74yrs) who responded to daily activity questions. We constructed activity diversity scores in each sample using Shannon’s entropy. We focused on three personality traits — conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism — often associated with health. Higher extraversion was associated with greater activity diversity, replicated across the two samples. The associations were independent of conscientiousness and neuroticism (both were not significant), total activity time/frequency, age, gender, race, education, and self-rated health. Results suggest that future activity interventions may need to target those with lower extraversion.

Environmental Conservation Through Study Value of Bali Aga Tenganan Pegringsingan Community Culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Nyoman Wijana ◽  
I Gusti Agung Nyoman Setiawan ◽  
Sanusi Mulyadiharja ◽  
I Gede Astra Wesnawa ◽  
Putu Indah Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Orientation Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Relational Orientation

This research aimed to know the implementation of environmental conservation in terms of cultural value orientation, including humanistic nature orientation, man-nature orientation, time orientation, activity orientation, and relational orientation. The population of this research was the entire community in traditional village Tenganan Pegringsingan, Karangasem, Bali. This research sample amounted to 25 people, consisting of the conventional village apparatus, community leaders, and the general public. Methods of data collection were the method of observation, interview, questionnaire, and checklist. The collected data were analyzed descriptively. This research indicated that the orientation of cultural values of humanistic nature orientation and man-nature orientation had an excellent quality. The time orientation, activity orientation, and relational orientation parameters had good quality. Culture in the study community generally showed a positive thing, so the impact of culture on the quality of the environment, in general, was excellent. The results of observations in the field revealed that there were all community activities at Tenganan Pegringsingan that could not cause environmental pollution. Therefore, the role of traditional regulation or awig-awig to regulate environmental and social-culture.

Converging cultures of communication: A comparative study of Internet use in China, Europe, and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1751-1772
Author(s):  
Jacob Ørmen ◽  
Rasmus Helles ◽  
Klaus Bruhn Jensen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Media Systems

Global Internet use is circumscribed by local political and economic institutions and inscribed in distinctive cultural practices. This article presents a comparative study of Internet use in China, the United States, and five European countries. The empirical findings suggest a convergence of cultures, specifically regarding interpersonal communication, alongside characteristic national and sociodemographic configurations of different prototypes of human communication. Drawing on the classic understanding of communication as a cultural process producing, maintaining, repairing, and transforming a shared reality, we interpret such configurations as cultures of communication, which can be seen to differ, overlap, and converge across regions in distinctive ways. Looking beyond traditional media systems, we call for further cross-cultural research on the Internet as a generic communication system joining global and local forms of interaction.

Survivor or Laborer

Affilia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Anasti
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Human Service Organizations ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sex Trade ◽  
Sex Worker

Regardless of primary population served, human service organizations are likely to come into contact with individuals who have been currently or formerly involved in the sex trade. In the United States, social workers have had a fraught history with this population, either treating them like delinquents or like victims in need of rescue. Sex worker activists in the United States continue to decry the negative treatment provided by individuals in the helping professions, even as harm reduction, the practice of reducing the harm of risky behaviors, has entered the service provision lexicon as an antidote to abstinence-only services. This article uses qualitative interviews with managers of human service organizations in the city of Chicago to determine how they think about their work with sex workers and how they perceive the proposed solutions to “fixing” the sex trade: abolitionism and decriminalization. Findings show that despite the dominant discourse of abolitionism in the United States, most of managers in this project believe full decriminalization of sex work will best assist their sex worker clients. Future research needs to understand how this finding holds in different settings and how this affects current efforts to advocate for decriminalization.

scholarly journals Detection of DNA and Ploidy Variation within Vegetatively Propagated Zoysiagrass Cultivars

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Harris-Shultz ◽  
Susana Milla-Lewis ◽  
Aaron J. Patton ◽  
Kevin Kenworthy ◽  
Ambika Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Two Samples

Zoysiagrass (Zoysia sp.) is used as a warm-season turfgrass for lawns, parks, and golf courses in the warm, humid and transitional climatic regions of the United States. Zoysiagrass is an allotetraploid species (2n = 4x = 40) and some cultivars are known to easily self- and cross-pollinate. Previous studies showed that genetic variability in the clonal cultivars Emerald and Diamond was likely the result of contamination (seed production or mechanical transfer) or mislabeling. To determine the extent of genetic variability of vegetatively propagated zoysiagrass cultivars, samples were collected from six commercially available zoysiagrass cultivars (Diamond, Emerald, Empire, JaMur, Meyer, Zeon) from five states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas). Two of the newest cultivar releases (Geo and Atlantic) were to serve as outgroups. Where available, one sample from university research plots and two samples from sod farms were collected for each cultivar per state. Forty zoysiagrass simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and flow cytometry were used to compare genetic and ploidy variation of each collected sample to a reference sample. Seventy-five samples were genotyped and an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering revealed four groups. Group I (Z. japonica) included samples of ‘Meyer’ and Empire11 (‘Empire’ sample at location #11), Group II (Z. japonica × Z. pacifica) included samples of ‘Emerald’ and ‘Geo’, Group III (Z. matrella) included samples of ‘Diamond’ and ‘Zeon’, and Group IV (Z. japonica) consisted of samples from ‘Empire’, ‘JaMur’, ‘Atlantic’, and Meyer3 (‘Meyer’ at sample location #3). Samples of ‘Empire’, ‘Atlantic’, and ‘JaMur’ were indistinguishable with the markers used. Four samples were found to have alleles different from the respective reference cultivar, including two samples of ‘Meyer’, one sample of ‘Empire’, and one sample of ‘Emerald’. Three of these samples were from Texas and one of these samples was from Florida. Three of the four samples that were different from the reference cultivar were university samples. In addition, one sample, Empire11, was found to be an octoploid (2n = 8x = 80). For those samples that had a fingerprint different from the reference cultivar, contamination, selfing, and/or hybridization with other zoysiagrasses may have occurred.

scholarly journals First Report of Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus, Fragaria chiloensis latent virus, Strawberry mild yellow edge virus, Strawberry necrotic shock virus, and Strawberry pallidosis associated virus in Single and Mixed Infections in Strawberry in Central Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 1002-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Silva-Rosales ◽  
M. N. Vázquez-Sánchez ◽  
V. Gallegos ◽  
M. L. Ortiz-Castellanos ◽  
R. Rivera-Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Cryptic Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis

For phytosanitary purposes, the prevalence and incidence of viruses found in strawberry production within a centralized breeding program was investigated in Abasolo and Irapuato Counties, Guanajuato State, Mexico. Single and mixed infections of Strawberry mottle virus (SMoV) and Strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) were originally reported in the area (3), and subsequently, Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV) was also found (4). Samples of strawberry plants showing viral symptoms: stunting, mild chlorosis and reddening, occasional wrinkled, curled, and deformed leaves that may exhibit mottling, and chlorotic spots, forming a putative virus complex were collected in April and December 2007 and July and December 2008. The detection and identification of viruses reported in the United States, the country of origin of most of the imported plantlets, was carried out with sets of primers for 11 viruses, through reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (developed by Robert Martin and Ioannis Tzanetakis in Corvallis, OR). The endogenous NADH 2 subunit was employed to test the quality of the RNA extracted. Amplification conditions were: 40 cycles of 1 min at each temperature, denaturation at 95°C, annealing at 50°C for Strawberry necrotic shock virus (SNSV); 52°C for Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV); 55°C for Fragaria chiloensis latent virus (FClLV), Strawberry pallidosis associated virus (SPaV), Fragaria chiloensis cryptic virus (FClCV), and SMoV; and 58°C for SCV and NADH dehydrogenase, followed by a final extension at 72°C of 5 min after completion of the 40 cycles. The cloning and nucleotide sequencing of amplified fragments revealed the presence of seven viral species in 40 samples collected. These were FClLV, SCV, SMoV, SNSV, SPaV, and SMYEV, which were allocated GenBank accession numbers of JQ629412, JQ629413, JQ629414, JQ629415, JQ629416, and JQ629417, respectively. Strawberry UC-4 and UC-10 (1,2) were planted as indicators of viral infections on an experimental plot. All seven viruses were detected in single or mixed infections. SMoV was the most commonly found in combination with other viruses. Out of 40 samples, 35 were positive for the presence of viruses and six had single infections, of which five had SMoV and one had SPaV. The remaining 29 samples had mixed infections with two or more viruses in a total of 22 combinations. The combination of FCICV + SMoV was present in five samples, whereas the combination of SMoV + SMYEV was in two samples. All other samples had two and up to six different viruses per plant. SMoV was detected in 26 out of the 40 samples tested. SNSV and FClCV were detected in 14 samples. SMYEV was present in 13 samples. SCV was present in nine samples, whereas SPaV and FClLV were found in eight samples each. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of FClLV, FClCV, SNSV, SMYEV, and SPaV in Mexico. References: (1) N. W. Frazier. Plant Dis. Rep. 58:28, 1974. (2) N. W. Frazier. Plant Dis. Rep. 58:203, 1974. (3) D. Teliz-Ortiz and A. Trejo-Reyes. Rev. Mex. Fitopatol. 7:38, 1989. (4) L. Pérez-Moreno et al. Rev. Mex. Fitopatol. 22:187, 2004.

Why Do Easterners Have Lower Well-Being Than Westerners? The Role of Others’ Approval Contingencies of Self-Worth in the Cross-Cultural Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hong Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsing Claire Chiu ◽  
Jen-Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Cross

Previous studies have shown that Easterners generally perceive themselves as having lower subjective well-being compared with Westerners, and several mechanisms causing such differences have been identified. However, few studies have analyzed the causes of such differences from the perspective of the cross-cultural differences in the meanings of important life events such as whether people receive approval from others. Specifically, events regarding others’ approval might have different meanings to and influences on Easterners and Westerners. Thus, the degree of fluctuation of people’s views of self-worth in response to these events (i.e., others’ approval contingencies of self-worth [CSW]) probably differs between Easterners and Westerners. This may be a reason for cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. We investigated two samples of undergraduate students from Taiwan and the United States to examine the mediating role of others’ approval CSW in forming cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. The results revealed that Taiwanese participants exhibited lower subjective well-being and higher others’ approval CSW than American participants. In addition, others’ approval CSW partially mediated the cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. Thus, one reason for lower subjective well-being among Easterners was likely that their self-esteem was more prone to larger fluctuations depending on whether they receive approval from others in everyday life.

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