Covid-19 Effects on Psychological Outcomes: How Do Gender Responses Differ?

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/00332941211040428 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003329412110404

Author(s):

Remya Lathabhavan

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Longitudinal Research ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Equation Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Relationship Of

The study aims at understanding the relationships between the fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress, wellbeing, and life satisfaction. The study also analyses the role of gender on the relationship of fear of COVID-19 with these study variables. For this, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 1125 participants in India, comprising 638 men and 487 women. Structural equation model was used to analyse the data. It was found that the fear of COVID-19 is positively related to perceived stress and negatively related to wellbeing and life satisfaction. It was also found that, these relationships are stronger among women than among men. The study shows the importance of psychiatric assessment during pandemic times and alerts policy makers and society in general, to take measures for ensuring mental health among people during times of crisis. Future studies can include longitudinal research for a comprehensive understanding of the psychological impacts of the pandemic.

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Self-perceived Workplace Discrimination and Mental Health Among Immigrant Workers in Italy: a Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17930/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anteo Di Napoli ◽

Alessandra Rossi ◽

Francesca Baralla ◽

Martina Ventura ◽

Rosaria Gatta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Health Status ◽

Physical Health ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Equation Model ◽

Mental Health Status ◽

Workplace Discrimination ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The process of immigration is associated with poor mental and physical health. While the workplace represents an important context of social integration, previous studies evaluating the effect of discrimination experienced in the workplace found worse mental health status among immigrants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether self-perceived workplace discrimination has any role in the mental health status of immigrants living and working in Italy, evaluating the contribution of other personal experiences, such as loneliness and life satisfaction.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 12,408 immigrants (aged 15-64) living and working in Italy. Data derived from the first national survey on immigrants carried out by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat). Mental health status was measured through the Mental Component Summary (MCS) of the SF-12 questionnaire. A linear multivariate linear regression was carried out to evaluate the association between mental health status, self-perceived workplace discrimination, and sociodemographic factors; a structural equation model was used to test hypothesized relationships shown in a conceptual path analysis model.Results: Worse mental health status was independently (p<0.001) associated with self-perceived workplace discrimination (β:-1.873), self-perceived loneliness (β:-3.021), level of life satisfaction (β:-2.775), and physical health status (β:-0.088). As confirmed by the structural equation model, the effect of self-perceived workplace discrimination on MCS was mediated by the other factors considered: self-perceived loneliness (13.6%), level of life satisfaction (13.6%), and physical health status (3.9%).Conclusions: Our study suggests that self-perceived workplace discrimination is associated with worse mental health status in immigrant workers through personal experiences in the workplace and explains the effect of the exposure to workplace discrimination on immigrants’ psychological well-being. Our findings suggest that an overall public health response is needed to facilitate the social integration of immigrants and their access to health services, particularly those services that address mental health issues.

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Relationship Between Proactive Personality and Job Performance of Chinese Nurses: The Mediating Role of Competency and Work Engagement

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.533293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xuehui Hu ◽

Rong Zhao ◽

Jing Gao ◽

Jianzhen Li ◽

Pei Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Performance ◽

Work Engagement ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Equation Model ◽

Proactive Personality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Personality And Job Performance

Background: As one of the main participants in health care, nurses are esteemed an important driving force for the vigorous health care development. Studies report that nurses’ proactive personality has positive effects on their job performance; however, this relationship acquires further understanding.Objective: A cross-sectional study was performed to explore the relationship between nurses’ proactive personality and job performance; the mediating role of nurses’ competency and work engagement in this relationship was also evaluated.Methods: The study was performed in a large third-degree general hospital in October 2019, Xi’an, PR, China. A sample of 246 nurses participated in this cross-sectional study. Proactive personality was assessed with the Proactive Personality Questionnaire (PPS), job performance was assessed by Heilman three-item measurements, nurse competence was estimated with Nurse Competency Scale (NCS), and work engagement was assessed with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES). The structural equation model was used to test the main hypotheses.Results: Structural equation model analysis revealed that work engagement partially mediated the association between proactive personality and job performance. The serial two-mediator model which was used to explore the association between proactive personality and job performance through competency and work engagement, in sequence, was demonstrated.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that work engagement partially mediated the association between nurses’ proactive personality and their job performance. The serial two-mediator model demonstrated that proactive personality was associated with job performance via competency and work engagement. This study also revealed the critical role of nursing managers in understanding the nurses’ proactive personality, which would facilitate them to enhance the latter’s competency and promote their work engagement. All these will in turn constantly improve the overall quality of nursing and advance professional development of nursing and benefits for patients.

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A multi-factor model of panic disorder: Results of a preliminary study integrating the role of perfectionism, stress, physiological anxiety and anxiety sensitivity

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.31.2.184241 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 481 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cristina Mae Wood ◽

Antonio Cano-Vindel ◽

José Martín Salguero

Keyword(s):

Panic Disorder ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Anxiety Sensitivity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Factor Model ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Impact

Background: Panic disorder (PD) is a highly prevalent and disabling mental health problem associated with different factors including perfectionism, stress, physiological anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity regarding physical concerns; however, no studies have analyzed the joint relationship between these factors and PD in a multi-factor model using structural equation modeling. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out to collect data on these factors and self-reported DSM-IV past-year PD symptoms in a large sample of the general population (N=936). Results: Perceived stress had a significant effect in increasing physiological anxiety, which in turn had an important association with physical concerns. Perfectionism and perceived stress had an indirect relation with past year PD via the mediator role of physiological anxiety and physical concerns. Physical concerns, on one hand, seemed to mediate the impact between perfectionism and PD and, on the other, partially mediated the role between physiological anxiety and PD. Conclusions: Although there is considerable evidence on the association between each of these factors and PD, this model can be considered a broader and productive framework of research on the nature and treatment of PD.

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Role of Restorativeness in Improving the Psychological Well-Being of University Students

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.646329 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nurul Ain Nabilla Mohd Yusli ◽

Samsilah Roslan ◽

Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh ◽

Zeinab Ghiami ◽

Noorlila Ahmad

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Equation Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Well Being ◽

Postgraduate Students ◽

Attention Restoration ◽

Relationship Of

Many university students experience high levels of study-related fatigue, hence, necessitating opportunities for restoration. They could potentially benefit from campus-based physical activities that provide them with effective restoration breaks and allow them to return to their studies cognitively refreshed. Thus, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the association between perceived restorativeness among postgraduates and their psychological well-being by using the four constructs of Kaplan's attention restoration theory (ART): fascination, being away, extent, and compatibility. In this study, nature view windows were also used as a moderator. Malaysian postgraduate students [n = 192; 94 females; age in years (M = 30.64, SD = 2.73)] completed the Ryff's scale of psychological wellbeing (PWB) and perceived restorativeness scale for activity (PRAS). This study used the partial least squares-structural equation model (PLS-SEM) to examine these relationships. The results demonstrate that three ART constructs, namely, being away, fascination, and compatibility, are significant predictors of psychological well-being across the sample size. Furthermore, for participants who reside in university dormitories, windows that overlook nature can enhance the relationship of being away, compatibility, and fascination to psychological well-being, compared with those with less natural views. Thus, this study confirmed the moderating effect of nature view windows and provided insight into the ART constructs that facilitate and enhance restorative experiences. By strengthening ART with additional factors, this study has also contributed toward the improvement of the psychological well-being of university students.

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Perceived stress, self-compassion and job burnout in nurses: the moderating role of self-compassion

Journal of Research in Nursing ◽

10.1177/1744987120970612 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174498712097061

Author(s):

Abbas Abdollahi ◽

Azadeh Taheri ◽

Kelly A. Allen

Keyword(s):

Perceived Stress ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Job Burnout ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Team Members ◽

Self Compassion

Background Job burnout is more prevalent among nurses than other medical team members and may have adverse effects on the mental and physical health of both nurses and their patients. Aims To evaluate the associations between job burnout as a dependent variable with perceived stress and self-compassion as independent variables, and test the buffering role of self-compassion in the link between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method. A total of 150 nurses from four hospitals in Tehran, Iran participated in this study and completed three questionnaires, namely the Perceived Stress Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Results Partial least square-structural equation modelling showed greater levels of perceived stress associated with greater levels of job burnout (β = 0.795, p < 0.001), and greater levels of self-compassion associated with lower levels of job burnout (β = –0.512, p < 0.001) in nurses. The results of the interaction-moderation analysis showed that self-compassion diminished the effect of perceived stress on job burnout in nurses. Conclusions The results of this study not only showed a significant association between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses, but also increased our understanding about the buffering role of self-compassion in the link between perceived stress and job burnout in nurses.

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Relationship of Perceived Stress and Life Satisfaction among Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/bjmmr/2017/31693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tan Hui ◽

Umar Ramzan

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Medical Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Of

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Factors Affecting University Students’ Perspectives on Cyberbullying Factors Affecting

Journal of Higher Education and Science ◽

10.5961/jhes.2021.445 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 257-264

Author(s):

Ayşe TAŞTEKİN OUYABA

Keyword(s):

Health Behaviors ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Equation Model ◽

Cyber Victimization ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral Skills ◽

Factors Affecting

This research is a cross-sectional study. It was conducted with 340 students studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University. Data were collected through a questionnaire. T-test, Mann Whitney U, and Chi-square test were used to compare the sociodemographic and internet usage characteristics of the students according to their gender. Data were evaluated with Structural Equation Model. Being a woman is associated with better motivation (β: = -.20, p = 0.000) and health behaviors (β= -.22, p = 0.000). High motivation is associated with better behavioral skills (β= .15, p = 0.005) and better health behaviors (β= .28, p = 0.000). Better health behaviors indicate a decrease in cyber victimization (β= -.11, p = 0.042). It was observed that female students’ sensitivity towards preventing and preventing cyberbullying was higher than male students. Students with a high level of motivation have better behavioral skills and health behaviors. Students with better behavioral skills and health behaviors were less exposed to cyber victimization.

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Changes in mental health during three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional study among polish university students

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-021-03615-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandra M. Rogowska ◽

Dominika Ochnik ◽

Cezary Kuśnierz ◽

Karolina Chilicka ◽

Monika Jakubiak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

University Students ◽

Physical Health ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

High Stress ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Research indicates that mental health worsened during the Coronavirus crisis, in particular among women and university students. However, few longitudinal studies have so far investigated the changes in mental health outcomes across three subsequent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to examine changes in mental health among university students. Methods A total of 1,961university students from Poland, at mean age 23.23 years (SD = 3.16, 57.47% of women) were included in this repeated cross-sectional study across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic: W1 (n = 657), W2 (n = 654), and W3 (n = 650). They completed the online survey with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), General Self-Rated Health (GSRH), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), as well as sociodemographic variables. Results The prevalence of people at high risk of anxiety and perceived stress, poorer physical health, and low life satisfaction changed significantly across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the two-way ANOVA showed that both the wave (W1<W2<W3) and gender (men<women) had a significant impact on the level of anxiety. Statistically significant changes in perceived stress were found between pandemic waves (W1>W2, W1>W3), and genders (men<women). Self-reported physical health significantly deteriorated in W3 compared to W1 and W2 (W1>W3, W2>W3), and was significantly worse in women than in men. The level of life satisfaction also decreased significantly in W3 (W1>W3, W2>W3), but did not differ between men and women. High GAD risk was presented two times more frequently among women and people who subjectively assessed their health as poor, three times more likely in participants dissatisfied with their lives, and seven times more probably in persons with high-stress levels. Conclusions The results of this study consistently indicate (using parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis) that there are significant differences in mental health problems across three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests that pandemic waves should be considered in future review studies and meta-analyses. Furthermore, these findings indicate a potential role for prevention and intervention programs aimed at alleviating life satisfaction and subjective assessment of health and improving coping skills to reduce stress and anxiety.

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