scholarly journals HIV Risk Behaviors and Testing History in Historically Black College and University Settings

2008 ◽  
Vol 123 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Thomas ◽  
Andrew C. Voetsch ◽  
Binwei Song ◽  
Denyce Calloway ◽  
Carolyn Goode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Historically Black ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Black College ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives. From 2001 through 2005, African Americans accounted for the largest percentage of new cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in all age categories, especially among people aged 13 to 24 years. Although students attending historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) report many of the behaviors that promote HIV transmission, their risk behaviors and HIV testing practices have not been well-characterized. We compared the demographic and behavioral characteristics of people who have been previously tested for HIV with those of people tested for the first time in this demonstration project to increase HIV testing at HBCUs. Methods. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and collaborating partners conducted rapid HIV testing and behavioral surveys at HBCUs in Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, and Washington, D.C., from January 2005 to April 2007. We recruited a convenience sample of students and community members at different campus venues including student health centers, dormitories, and student activity centers. Results. Our analysis included 5,291 people, 42% of whom reported they had never been tested for HIV. People who had been tested in the past were more likely to be older, believe they were at high risk for infection, have visited a health-care facility, and report behaviors that increased their risk of HIV infection. Conclusion. Respondents who believed they were at increased risk for HIV infection or reported behaviors that increased their risk for infection were more likely to have been tested for HIV. Future research should compare actual vs. perceived risk for HIV infection and contrast how each impacts HIV testing.

scholarly journals Predictors Of Provider-Initiated Hiv Testing In Heterosexuals At Increased Risk Of Hiv (Het) In Puerto Rico: Data From Nhbs-Het Cycle 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Marie Canario de la Torre ◽  
Ivony Yireth Agudelo Salas ◽  
Sandra Miranda de León ◽  
Yadira Rolón Colón ◽  
María Pabón Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have established guidelines for HIV testing in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic, healthcare, and sexual-behavior predictors of provider-initiated HIV testing (PIHT) using data from the Puerto Rico National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (PR-NHBS) 2016 cycle directed towards heterosexuals at increased risk of HIV infection (HET). A total sample of 531 eligible participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Logistic regression models assessed the associations between sociodemographic, healthcare, and sexual-behavior predictors, whilst adjusting for sex and age. The majority of the participants were women (66.1%), with 72.7% reporting having received healthcare services in the past year. Of them, 18.7% had received an HIV-test offer from their healthcare providers. More than half of the participants (65.2%) reported a low perceived risk of getting infected with HIV in the next 12 months. Results suggest an overall low prevalence of PIHT among HET in PR who exhibited a relatively high prevalence of low perceived risk of HIV infection. Furthermore, the assessed predictors show that individuals who engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.90) were less likely to receive HIV-test offers from their providers. This study further emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to follow recommended guidelines for HIV testing in healthcare settings as a means of establishing preventive measures to further counteract the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico, specifically among HET.

Provider-initiated HIV testing in Puerto Rico: Data from NHBS-HET cycle 2016 (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Colón-López ◽  
Maureen M Canario De La Torre ◽  
Nadia Centeno ◽  
Ivony Y Agudelo ◽  
Yadira Rolón Colón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Medical Visit ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Increased Risk

BACKGROUND According to CDC and WHO guidelines, all individuals from 13 to 64 years of age should get screened for HIV infection as part of their routine medical examinations, and individuals at high risk should get tested annually. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify sociodemographic, healthcare, and sexual behavior predictors of provider-initiated HIV testing (PIHT) using data from the Puerto Rico National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (PR-NHBS) 2016 cycle; directed towards heterosexuals at increased risk of HIV infection (HET). METHODS A total sample of 531 eligible participants were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS), where sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare utilization, and HIV testing were assessed. RESULTS Despite 72% showed high-risk sexual behavioral practices and 65.2% of the HET sample interviewed reported a low perceived risk of HIV infection, only 19% reported not receiving an HIV test offered at a recent medical visit. Multivariate analysis shows that HET who engaged in high-risk sexual behaviors (AOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.30–0.90) were less likely to receive HIV-test offers from their providers. CONCLUSIONS This study further emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to follow recommended guidelines for HIV testing in healthcare settings as a means of establishing preventive measures to further counteract the HIV epidemic in Puerto Rico, specifically among HET.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS Knowledge of Undergraduate Students at a Historically Black College and University

Diseases ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince Andrew ◽  
Azad Bhuiyan ◽  
Anthony Mawson ◽  
Sarah Buxbaum ◽  
Jung Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Historically Black ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Black College ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Historically Black College ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
College And University ◽  
Aids Knowledge

Objective: This study among 400 undergraduate students enrolled at Jackson State University (JSU) study aimed to assess knowledge about HIV and AIDS among African-American undergraduate students attending a historically black college and university. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered, and standardized questionnaire on knowledge regarding risks for HIV and AIDS. Three hundred and eighty-six students (96.5%) had good knowledge about HIV and AIDS, although some participants had misconceptions about the modes of HIV infection transmission. There were no significant gender differences for HIV and AIDS knowledge among the participants (χ2 = 3.05; P = 0.08). In general we concluded that JSU undergraduate students had adequate knowledge about HIV transmission modes and AIDS, although some participants had misconceptions about the routes of HIV infection transmission. Hence, this study calls for strengthening HIV and AIDS awareness education among undergraduate students.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Lifetime HIV Testing in Texas by Race/Ethnicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel A Benavides-Torres ◽  
Kristin M Wall ◽  
Georgina Máyela Núñez Rocha ◽  
Dora Julia Onofre Rodríguez ◽  
Laura Hopson
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Introduction: In United States, roughly 1/5 of all HIV infected persons remain undiagnosed. Because HIV testing is critical to improve prevention efforts, more research is needed to understand the characteristics of individuals who get tested for HIV. Methods: This secondary analysis of the 2010 Texas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System used data from 9,744 respondents between 18-64 years of age to evaluate the relationship between demographic characteristics (gender, race/ethnicity, age, area of residence, education, marital status, employment status, and income), healthcare characteristics (insurance status, having a primary provider, and access to healthcare), and HIV risk behaviors with ever having received an HIV test. Results: Significant associations between gender, age, area of residence, marital and employment status, and HIV risk behaviors and HIV testing in a Texas population by race/ethnicity were observed. Conclusions: These findings have important implications for future research into racial/ethnic disparities between lifetime HIV testing, and can help guide practitioners who work with populations at risk for HIV/AIDS in Texas.

HIV infection, high-risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men sheltered in therapeutic communities in Central Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M Brunini ◽  
Cleiciane V de Lima Barros ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Hélio Galdino Júnior ◽  
Giovanni Rezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Communities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Homeless Men

Homeless men present high vulnerability to HIV infection, mainly due to sexual risk behaviors and substance use. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection, risk behaviors and substance use in homeless men. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 481 homeless men recruited in four therapeutic communities in the Goiás State, Central Brazil. All were interviewed about sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and risk behaviors. Furthermore, all were tested for HIV. Poisson regression was used to verify factors associated with HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 1.24% (95.0% CI: 0.57 to 2.69%). Previous HIV testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 10.0; 95.0% CI: 1.86–55.8) and years of education (APR: 0.76; 95.0% CI: 0.60–0.97) were factors associated with HIV infection. Participants had high rates of hazardous alcohol use and illicit drug use. The prevalence of HIV infection among homeless men was higher than that found in the Brazilian male population and we identified a high rate of risk behaviors for HIV among the homeless men investigated. Thus, it is necessary to expand HIV prevention measures in Brazil, such as health education, condom availability, regular HIV testing and increased testing coverage in this population, and treatment for alcohol and/or illicit drug dependence/abuse.

Substance Use among Women at Risk for HIV Infection

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Wambach ◽  
Joseph B. Byers ◽  
Dianne F. Harrison ◽  
Philippa Levine ◽  
Allen W. Imershein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Increased Risk

This article reports results from a survey of culturally diverse women at risk for HIV infection in south Florida. Data concerning their substance use and its association with HIV risk behaviors are presented. Results indicate levels of consumption which exceed expectations based on general estimates of female substance use. Further, substance use was associated with specific behaviors and lifestyles which placed the women at increased risk for HIV infection.

scholarly journals 1630. Voluntary HIV Testing and Self-Realization of Risk of HIV Infection Among Young Men-Who-Have-Sex-with-Men in the Miami-Dade Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S595-S595
Author(s):  
Hampton Ocon ◽  
Samir Sabbag
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

Abstract Background According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Miami-Dade County has the highest rate of new HIV diagnoses in the Nation. So far, a large focus of public health initiatives has been spreading awareness of HIV testing locations, but this form of voluntary testing relies on individuals realizing that they are at risk of HIV infection in the first place. Consequently, a major obstacle to encouraging young men-who-have-sex-with-men (YMSM) to test themselves for HIV is their own self-perceived risk of having an undetected infection. Methods In an effort to better understand the discordance between high-risk sexual behavior and HIV testing among this high-risk population, YMSM (18–24) were surveyed through smartphone applications that facilitate sexual encounters in the Miami-Dade area (eg Grindr, Scruff). Users were asked about their history of condomless anal intercourse (CAI), their HIV testing habits, and whether or not they believe it possible that they are currently infected with HIV. An analysis of the relationship between CAI and self-perception of possible HIV infection was performed using Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel testing. Results Of the 843 eligible responses, 667 reported a history of voluntary HIV testing while 176 had never voluntarily tested. 726 respondents reported a history of CAI and 131 of these have never voluntarily tested. Of the 843 total participants, 1.6% were in the highest HIV risk group, which is those who have engaged in CAI with an exchange/casual partner, have never voluntarily tested for HIV, and have no self-perceived risk of being currently infected. According to data analysis, YMSM who have engaged in CAI but have never been tested for HIV were not more likely to have a self-perceived possibility of infection when compared with those who have voluntarily tested (P < 0.595). Conclusion This suggests that many high-risk YMSM are not voluntarily testing themselves for HIV not because they do not have access to testing, but rather because they do not perceive themselves as being possibly infected in the first place. Therefore, in addition to increasing access to HIV testing, new public health initiatives must be designed to facilitate YMSM understanding their own personal HIV risk. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Food insecurity and the risk of HIV acquisition: Findings from population-based surveys in six sub-Saharan African countries (2016-2017)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Low ◽  
Elizabeth Gummerson ◽  
Amee Schwitters ◽  
Rogerio Bonifacio ◽  
Mekleet Teferi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Recent Hiv Infection

Introduction: Food insecurity has a bidirectional relationship with HIV infection, with hunger driving compensatory risk behaviors, while infection can increase poverty. We used a laboratory recency assay to estimate the timing of HIV infection vis-a-vis the timing of severe food insecurity (SFI). Methods: Data from population-based surveys in Zambia, Eswatini, Lesotho, Uganda, and Tanzania and Namibia were used. We defined SFI as having no food ≥three times in the past month. Recent HIV infection was identified using the HIV-1 LAg avidity assay, with a viral load (>1000 copies/ml) and no detectable antiretrovirals indicating an infection in the past 6 months. Logistic regression was conducted to assess correlates of SFI. Poisson regression was conducted on pooled data, adjusted by country to determine the association of SFI with recent HIV infection and risk behaviors, with effect heterogeneity evaluated for each country. All analyses were done using weighted data. Results: Of 112,955 participants aged 15-59, 10.3% lived in households reporting SFI. SFI was most common in urban, woman-headed households. Among women and not men, SFI was associated with a two-fold increase in risk of recent HIV infection (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.08, 95% CI 1.09-3.97), with lower risk in high prevalence countries (Eswatini and Lesotho). SFI was associated with transactional sex (aRR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17-1.41), a history of forced sex (aRR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.66), and condom-less sex with a partner of unknown or positive HIV status (aRR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.14) in all women, and intergenerational sex (partner ≥10 years older) in women aged 15-24 (aRR 1.23, 95% CI 1.03-1.46), although this was heterogeneous. Recent receipt of food support was protective (aRR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.88). Conclusion: SFI increased risk for HIV acquisition in women by two-fold. Worsening food scarcity due to climactic extremes could imperil HIV epidemic control.

Men's Sexual Risk Factors for HIV Infection: Racial Differences in Behavior, Knowledge, and Self-Perceptions

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Tewksbury ◽  
Darin K. Moore
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Hiv Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Prevention Intervention

HIV transmission most often results from individually-induced activities. Previous research into HIV transmission has identified both high-risk groups and high-risk behaviors. This research identifies differences between white and African-American men and their participation in HIV-risk behaviors, HIV-related knowledge, and self-perceived likelihood for HIV infection. Findings show a contradiction between reported HIV-risk behaviors and self-perceived risk of contracting HIV for all male participants. Furthermore, racial differences are significantly related to both the type and number of sexual partners, participation in and frequency of condom use for various sexual activities, and levels of self-perceived knowledge of HIV/AIDS. These findings and implications on current and future HIV prevention/intervention efforts are discussed.

scholarly journals Arthropathy of Down syndrome: an under-diagnosed inflammatory joint disease that warrants a name change

RMD Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene M Foley ◽  
Derek A Deely ◽  
Emma Jane MacDermott ◽  
Orla G Killeen
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Name Change ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

There is an increased incidence and prevalence of arthropathy in children with Down syndrome. However, it is rarely reported or recognised at onset, and remains under-diagnosed. Children with arthropathy of Down syndrome (A-DS) are presenting with significant joint damage and disability at diagnosis.ObjectiveTo identify undiagnosed cases of A-DS and document time to diagnosis. Also to describe clinical, laboratory and radiological features of A-DS at diagnosis.MethodologyChildren with Down syndrome (DS) (0–21 years) were invited to attend a musculoskeletal screening clinic. A second physician at a further clinic confirmed suspected cases of A-DS. Investigations and treatment were instigated as per normal clinical practice for Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Data on a convenience sample of 21 newly diagnosed children with JIA was collected to create a comparison group.ResultsOver an 18-month period, 503 children with DS were screened for arthritis and 18 new cases diagnosed. In total, 33 children were identified with A-DS (combining cases attending pre-dating commencement of the study and those referred to our centre during the study period). This suggests prevalence of A-DS is 20/1000. A significant delay in diagnosis of A-DS was observed. The majority of children presented with polyarticular-rheumatoid factor-negative arthritis, with predominance in the small joints of the hands and wrists. Erosive changes were reported on X-ray in a significantly greater proportion (42%) of children with A-DS than JIA (14%). MRI was used to confirm diagnosis in four cases.ConclusionChildren with DS are at increased risk of arthritis. Future research to accurately define disease pathogenesis and identify a biomarker of disease would be of benefit.

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