The new family of Jesus and the relativization of the natural family: An exposition on honor and shame (Mark 1:16–20; 2:13–14; 3:13–35)

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-601
Author(s):  
Narry F. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Gospel Of Mark ◽  
First Century ◽  
Value System ◽  
Natural Family ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Honor And Shame

In the time of Jesus, the social values of honor and shame were embedded in the family. The Gospel of Mark not only evidences these social values but also radically redefines them through their narrative reversal. The narrative reversal seeks to persuade the readers to view as honorable what they have valued as shameful, and to regard as dishonorable what they have seen as honorable. Although the natural family is important in the Gospel, Mark transforms it and the honor–shame value system by emphasizing the greater value of the new family that Jesus is forming (“fictive family”) over the importance of the natural family. In Mark 1:16–3:35, I see the narrative reversal of the family in two ways: (i) Mark highlights the three instances when Jesus calls to himself his new family with a transformed honor–shame value system; and (ii) Mark relativizes (i.e., takes away the foremost importance of) the first-century concept of family in favor of the new family of Jesus. Specifically, I will explore the three stories of the disciples’ call (1:16–20; 2:13–14; 3:13–19) and the intercalated story of Jesus’ natural family seeking to gain custody of him (3:20–21, 31–35).

Re-Contextualization of Ethical Values of Pashtun Tribe by the Educated Female Folk in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-228
Author(s):  
Sameen Masood ◽  
Muhammad Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Value System ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

It is believed that the economic participation of women in Pakistan has been intensively affected by an enduring male-capitalist social system. Moreover, the history of gender discrimination has been linked with the medieval cultural values that uplifted and empowered men over women in every sphere of life, especially in the economic realm. A typical case is believed to be the Pashtun culture. This chapter investigated indigenous values of Pashtun culture where women are underrepresented in the economy. Women did not see themselves as underprivileged. Rather, they perceived themselves as a vital and prestigious part of the family and the wider Pashtun society. For educated women in Pashtun society, the values system is guided by social structure, which is accounted for by stability and unity in society. Cultural values are operationalized as the mechanism of division of labor. The findings redefine female empowerment and propose a new paradigm in the global context. The indigenous value system guides the social structure which leads to stability and unity in the society.

The Roman Garden

1950 ◽  
Vol 19 (57) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
James Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Private Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Social Habits ◽  
Almost All

Aman's character is judged not merely by his public services and his political views but also by his private life and individual interests. Similarly the history of a nation is to be read not only in its military exploits, its constitutional experiments, its art and literature, but also in the social habits and predominant interests of its citizens. Just as a garden mirrors the character of its owner, so the gardens of a nation reflect the character and the degree of advancement of the State. It is no coincidence that the popular garden of the Roman Republic was the simple kitchen garden, while under the Empire pretentious landscape gardens were the vogue. The vitalizing energy of the Republic found an outlet in the productive vegetable plot: the elaborate but sterile gardens of the Empire were symbolic of incipient decay.Until the first century b.c. almost all Roman gardens were cottage gardens. Their plan and culture were governed solely by practical needs. From them the mistress of the house used to replenish her larder and medicine-chest and adorn the family shrine with flowers. Pliny the Elder reminds the luxury-seeking populace of a later date that in the past at Rome a garden was the poor man's estate: it was the only market he had from which to provide himself with food. The prime function of a garden was to make its owner self-sufficient. This self-sufficiency was more easy of attainment in ancient Italy than in more northerly countries, for the diet of the Romans consisted, for the most part, of salads.

scholarly journals Aspekte van die sosiale stratifikasie van die ontwikkelde agrariese samelewing in die eerste-eeuse Palestina

1993 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Van Aarde
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Location ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Agrarian Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Aspects of the social stratification of the advanced agrarian society in first-century Palestine This article focuses on aspects of the social stratification of first-century Palestine as an advanced agrarian society. It aims at describing the interaction between different classes and the sociological origins of groups like the Pharisees and the Sadducees. The relation between the elites and the peasant communities is interpreted in terms of, inter alia, the social location of villages surrounding cities. It is argued that in an advanced agrarian society the family as institution should still be regarded as the dominant ideology. However, political and economic pressures caused a weakening of the influence of the extended family on the surface.

Teaching Hatred

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Hamburg ◽  
Beatrix A. Hamburg
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
First Century ◽  
Youth Movement ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Insight Into

We turn now to egregious examples of ways that education can be used to instill hatred, with the help of authoritarian states and fanatical leaders (either theological or secular) who shape children’s lives. There have been vivid examples of this throughout the twentieth century. The twenty-first century starts with the dramatic case of some Islamic fundamentalist schools that follow in this tradition of molding the lives of children for careers of hatred and violence.We describe these examples to provide a sharp contrast to the remainder of this book. Our fundamental aspiration is to inspire educators and leaders to embrace the important alternative role of education in fostering prosocial, empathic, and cooperative behavior—with insight into the destructive forces of human experience—that can provide the basis for a peaceful world in the long run. To be effective, we must address the obstacles to education in constructing such programs. Children can be brought up to hate, to condone killing, and even to participate in killing. That experiment has been done repeatedly. In the rest of this book, let us look briefly at examples of this destructive educational experience and then at the other side of the coin—learning to live together peacefully. The human capacity to shape child and adolescent development toward a pervasive culture of hatred and violence was vividly demonstrated by the Nazi experience. The his- torian Klaus Fischer writes on youth and education, and women and the family, in his book Nazi Germany—A New History. We begin with the origin of youth groups as a countercultural protest and move to the creation of the Hitler Youth movement and ways in which it exploited these relatively innocent youthful protests. Nazi education, its philosophy, and the creation of elite schools are described in terms of their attempt to shape the minds and bodies of boys toward devotion to the Führer and toward their future as Nazi leaders. Teachers, as well, were indoctrinated and obligated to behave in a prescribed manner toward the same end. The family, particularly the woman’s role in it, was seen as the social underpinning of society. The Nazi glorification of motherhood and the family was a means of creating more children to serve Hitler and the Nazi regime.

The Case of the New Family Physician and the Practicing Pediatrician in Delivery of Health Care for Children in Canada

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 746-746
Author(s):  
J. B.J. McKendry
Keyword(s):  
Family Physicians ◽  
Public Health Nurse ◽  
School Graduate ◽  
Medical School Graduate ◽  
Community Clinic ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Health Nurse

The College of Family Physicians of Canada has evolved a firm philosophy of its new image. The medical school graduate of the future will enter a two-year program partly hospital-based and partly community clinic-or private office-based to develop the adequate skills necessary to render primary care in internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, and trauma, with a continual infusion of knowledge related to the psychosocial dynamics of family life. This new physician will require the services of the social worker, the public health nurse, the school nurse, the psychologist, the family counsellor and the psychiatrist.

scholarly journals Gender Stereotypes in Primary School Turkish Textbooksİlkokul Türkçe Ders Kitaplarında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kalıp Yargıları

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4152
Author(s):  
Başak Kasa ◽  
Birsen Şahan
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Gender involves socially loaded roles and responsibilities to men and women. Children begin to acquire information related to gender primarily within the family and then around the community. They spend   important and a big part of their time in school after commencement of the education life. One of the important tools transferring individuals the social values imposed sense of community in schools are the textbooks. However, some texts and images presented in textbooks that often seem to have no interest in gender can observe gender differences between individuals. This presented differences adopted by individuals leads to make sense of self, upload values on its own and transfer this experience and knowledge into his/her life. In this study the texts and images located in the primary school 1-4 grade Turkish textbooks which are the Ministry of Education State Books publications were analyzed in terms of gender stereotypes. Research data was collected by the document analysis which is one of the qualitative research approaches. The characters in the texts and images located in the Primary school Turkish textbooks were examined in terms of gender stereotypes and collected data were analyzed using content analysis. According to obtained results of the research it was seen that the gender stereotypes were taken place in the texts and the images of the Primary School Turkish Textbooks. ÖzetToplumsal cinsiyet, kadın ve erkeğe sosyal olarak yüklenen rol ve sorumlulukları içermektedir. Çocuklar öncelikle aile içinde, sonrasında çevresinde ve toplumda cinsiyete yönelik bilgileri edinmeye başlarlar. Eğitim yaşamına başladıktan sonra ise zamanlarının önemli ve de büyük bir kısmını okulda geçirmektedirler. Okullarda, toplumun anlam yüklediği toplumsal değerleri bireylere aktaran önemli araçlardan birisi ise ders kitaplarıdır. Ancak ders kitaplarında sunulan ve çoğunlukla cinsiyetle ilgisi yokmuş gibi görünen bazı metinler ve resimler, bireyler arasında cinsiyet farklılığı gözetebilmektedir. Bu sunulan farklılıklar birey tarafından benimsenerek bireyin kendine ilişkin anlamlar çıkarmasına, değerler yüklemesine ve edindiği bu bilgileri yaşama aktarmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) Devlet Kitapları yayınlarının İlkokul 1-4. sınıf Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinler ve resimler toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları açısından incelenmiştir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımın benimsendiği araştırmada veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmıştır. İlkokul Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinlerdeki ve resimlerdeki karakterler toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargıları açısından incelenmiş ve toplanan veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda ilkokul Türkçe ders kitaplarında yer alan metinlerde ve görsellerde toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarının yer aldığı görülmüştür.

scholarly journals A Parent-Teacher View of Teens Behaviors in Nuclear and Joint Family Systems in Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor-ul-Ain Baig ◽  
Rana Rehman ◽  
Noor Mobeen
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Family Systems ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Joint Family ◽  
Phenomenological Inquiry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

This research work tries to unveil the changing teen’s behaviors in nuclear and joint family systems in Pakistan. Pakistan enjoys the social values of joint families; and, where grandparents are very important constituent of the family, the family structure is an important component in shaping the teens behaviors. Therefore, this paper focuses the sample of parents and teachers of the teens in the postmodern urban society and tried to better point out the eminent changes in the attitudes and behaviors of teens. This study follows a qualitative approach of research that pursues a phenomenological inquiry describing lived experience of the respondents regarding teen’s behavior in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The tenants in the vineyard (GThom 65/Mark 12:1-12): A realistic and social-scientific reading

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Van Eck
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Realistic Interpretation ◽  
Mediterranean Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Honor And Shame

Kloppenborg’s reading of the parable of the tenants (Mk 12:1-12/GThom 65) can be regarded as the first thoroughgoing realistic interpretation of the Tenants. By using extensive literary evidence on viticulture from 300 BCE to 300 CE, Kloppenborg argues that GThom 65 most probably comes closest to the original form of the parable, calling into question important values of first-century Mediterranean culture. Following a summary of Kloppenborg’s reading of the parable of the tenants, the second part of the article focuses on a social-scientific reading of GThom 65 through the lens of patronage and clientism and that of honor and shame. Finally, the conclusions reached by the social-scientific reading are compared with Kloppenborg’s realistic reading thereof.

Negotiating the Social Family: Migrant Live-in Elder Care-workers in Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lin ◽  
Danièle Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Elder Care ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
New Family ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract In response to difficulties faced by families in caring for the aged, the government of Taiwan launched a foreign live-in caregiver programme in 1992. This paper draws upon literature on family, domestic work and motives for caregiving to examine how the long-term co-residence of migrant live-in elder care-workers reconfigures Taiwanese families. Our analysis, based on in-depth interviews conducted in the summer of 2009 with 20 Vietnamese migrant live-in care-workers, uses the concept of ‘social family’ to document the close emotional and quasi-familial relationships between foreign care-workers and members of Taiwanese families. Narratives shed light on the dynamics of these relationships and show the limitations of the concept. The inherent asymmetrical employer-employee power relationship remains, while workers constantly negotiate contradictory feelings and positions in the intimate sphere of the employers’ private homes. This paper emphasizes the mutual dependency that migrants experience as both workers and members of a new family. Rather than being seen as cheap, disposable labour, migrants become indispensable to the families. It is this dependency and intimacy that make them part of the family, but also continues to make them vulnerable to abuse.

Can Happiness be Created in Rituals?

Paragrana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Kellermann
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
New Family ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Family Constellation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract This article refers to an ethnographical study within the framework of a cross-cultural research project in Germany and Japan. It focuses on the ritual staging and performing of family happiness within two countries: Christmas in Germany and oshogatsu, the turn of the year, in Japan. Happiness is hereby conceived as a particular form of well-being that is (intended) to be evoked during the yearly reunion of the family. Through ritual practice, the family members (re)confirm their family bonds and create their specific idea of family happiness. In the German family outlined below, Christmas Day in Germany happens to be the first Christmas Celebration in the new family constellation for everyone, and the family members are about to perform their future life plan. In Japan, oshogatsu relies on experiences and memories within the particular family constellation which allow an emotional proximity between four generations. The analytical approach reveals the social cultural impact on emotions and their performative and amplifying potential in rituals

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