Structure and spinning of composite yarn based on the multifilament spreading method using a modified ring frame

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
pp. 2074-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais Naeem ◽  
Weidong Yu ◽  
Yong-hong Zheng ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Composite Yarn ◽  
Ring Frame ◽  
Spun Yarn ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
Yarn Tenacity ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Scanning Electron

This research work describes a new technique for producing staple fiber core-filament wrapped composite yarn, with the help of an innovative multifilament spreading method, using a slightly modified ring frame. The purpose is to develop an efficient and economic process for spreading the multifilament uniformly, to realize and improve the wrapping of the multifilament around staple core. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the role of micro grooves’ dimensions in the formation of the multifilament layer and related effects on cover spun yarn properties. A modified ring frame was used to make 48 tex (12 Ne) composite yarn, which was compared to a similar composite yarn made on a conventional ring frame, for the tensile and hairiness properties. It was concluded that this mechanical spreading method can be used to increase the spinnability for short staple fibers and to overcome the problems associated with other spreading techniques and also can help to improve the breaking extension and hairiness properties of the composite yarn without the decrease of yarn tenacity.

scholarly journals Analysis of yarn properties in the superconducting magnetic bearing-based ring spinning process

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (22) ◽  
pp. 2624-2638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Hossain ◽  
Anwar Abdkader ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Ring Spinning ◽  
Spun Yarn ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Ring Spun Yarn ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Yarn Tenacity ◽  
Superconducting Magnetic Bearing

The fundamental research work about the superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) twisting system provides huge potential to eliminate the most important limitation of productivity, that is, the friction in the ring traveler system of the existing ring spinning process. As a continuity of the research work, the functionality of the SMB spinning has been carried out with different angular spindle speeds, yarn counts, and materials in order to determine the influence of the SMB technology. The current paper presents a comparative investigation of the yarn properties, such as yarn tenacity, yarn elongation, yarn evenness, microscopic views, etc., between conventional and SMB ring spun yarn. The intensive analysis confirms that the SMB system enables one to produce satisfactory yarn quality similar to that of conventional ring spun yarn up to 15,000 rpm. The influence of conventional and SMB spinning processes on yarn properties has been further analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance.

scholarly journals Modal–Cotton Fibre Blend Ratio and Ring Frame Parameter Optimisation Through the Taguchi Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
R Maheswaran ◽  
V Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Ring Spinning ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Blended Yarn ◽  
System A ◽  
Ring Frame ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Yarn Tenacity ◽  
Setting Parameters

Abstract The influence of Modal–cotton (MC) fibre blend ratio and ring frame machine parameters such as front top roller loading and break draft on the blended yarn properties has been studied. Compact MC blended yarn samples of 14.75 tex with three different MC fibre blend ratio has been produced in a LR 6 ring spinning frame fitted with Suessen Compact drafting system. A robust design optimisation to minimise the variations of the output yarn properties such as blended yarn tenacity, yarn unevenness and hairiness caused because of the variations in the material as well as machine setting parameters is achieved through the Taguchi parametric design approach. It is found that the maximum compact MC blended yarn tenacity is 23.76 g/tex, which is influenced very much by MC fibre blend ratio but meagrely by top roller loading and break draft. Similarly, the minimum 9.54 U% and 3.59 hairiness index are achieved with 100:0 and 70:30 MC fibre blend ratio, respectively, at 23-kg top roller loading. Statistical ANOVA analysis is performed on the results and optimum values are obtained within the 95% confidential level through confirmation experiments.

scholarly journals Quality Evaluation of Ethiopian 100% Cotton Carded Ring Spun Yarn with Respect to USTER Standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Biruk Fentahun Adamu ◽  
Desalegn Atalie ◽  
Erkihun Zelalem Liyew
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Yarn Strength ◽  
Yarn Quality ◽  
Spun Yarn ◽  
Spun Yarns ◽  
Ring Spun Yarn ◽  
Yarn Tenacity ◽  
Fabric Production

Yarn quality influences both fabric production processes efficiency and export market. One method used to gauge competitiveness of an industry is to study its product quality. The aim of this research work is to evaluate the quality of Ethiopian textile spinning mills’ 100% cotton carded ring spun yarns in terms of its evenness (coefficient of mass variation, CVm), imperfections (thick and thin places, neps), and tensile properties with USTER Statistics 2018. Five spinning mills (B3, A0, A2, A4, and K3) of 15N, 20Ne, 25Ne, 30Ne, 35Ne, and 40Ne nominal yarn counts have been selected for the study. The yarn evenness and imperfections were measured using USTER tester 5 and tensile using a STATIMAT tester. The USTER statistical results showed 20.3Ne (mill B3), 32Ne (mill A4), and 36.2Ne (mill A2) had better overall quality, respectively. It was observed that most selected spinning mills had low evenness, imperfections, yarn strength, and good yarn elongation. Tensile properties of A2 (32.85Ne and 36.2Ne) had fallen under 5% USTER statistics percentile which indicates excellent yarn strength. Generally, from studied mills, it was seen that 61.5% of cotton yarn CVm and thin places falls at above 95% and 15% of yarn tenacity falls at ≤5% of Uster statistical percentile.

Improving spun yarn properties by contacting the spinning strand with the static rod and self-adjustable disk surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 800-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshuai Liu ◽  
Zhigang Xia ◽  
Weilin Xu ◽  
Yu Hao ◽  
Qiaolin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Contact Surface ◽  
Ring Spinning ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Spun Yarn ◽  
Yarn Properties ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Yarn Hairiness ◽  
Yarn Tenacity ◽  
Good Agreement

To overcome the spun yarn unevenness deterioration and insufficient hairiness reduction for ring spinning with a static contact surface, this study introduced a modified method to improve spun yarn properties by contacting the spinning strand with the static rod and self-adjustable disk surfaces. The mechanism of the improvement of spun yarn properties was theoretically analyzed. Analysis results indicated that the combination of the static rod and self-adjustable disk surfaces could improve the yarn hairiness wrapping force without sever twisting blockage, resulting in a large yarn hairiness reduction and surface tight structure without irregularity deterioration. Correspondingly, the yarn tenacity should also become somewhat enhancement. Then, our theoretical analysis and prediction were validated by conducting such comparative experiments as spinning without a contact surface, spinning with a static rod surface, and spinning with a combination of the static rod and self-adjustable disk surfaces. The experimental results were in good agreement with our theoretical analysis and prediction.

The use of scanning electron microscopy in interpreting chenopodium remains from three archaeological sites in northwestern Iowa

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1112-1113
Author(s):  
Douglas William Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Chenopodium Berlandieri ◽  
Seed Identification ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Scanning Electron

Within the past 20 years, archaeobotanical research in the Eastern United States has documented an early agricultural complex before the dominance of the Mesoamerican domesticates (corn, beans, and squash) in late prehistoric and historic agricultural systems. This early agricultural complex consisted of domesticated plants such as Iva annua var.macrocarpa (Sumpweed or Marshelder), Hellanthus annuus (Sunflower) and Chenopodium berlandieri, (Goosefoot or Lasbsquarters), and heavily utilized plants such as Polygonum erectum (Erect Knotweed), Phalaris caroliniana (May grass), and Hordeum pusillum (Little Barley).Recent research involving the use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) specifically on Chenopodium has established diagnostic traits of wild and domesticated species seeds. This is important because carbonized or uncarbonized seeds are the most commonly recovered Chenopodium material from archaeological sites. The diagnostic seed traits assist archaeobotanists in identification of Chenopodium remains and provide a basis for evaluation of Chenopodium utilization in a culture's subsistence patterns. With the aid of SEM, an analysis of Chenopodium remains from three Late Prehistoric sites in Northwest Iowa (Blood Run [Oneota culture], Brewster [Mill Creek culture], and Chan-Ya-Ta [Mill Creek culture]) has been conducted to: 1) attempt seed identification to a species level, 2) evaluate the traits of the seeds for classification as either wild or domesticated, and 3) evaluate the role of Chenopodium utilization in both the Oneota and Mill Creek cultures.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Lubricating Environment on the Tribological Performance of CNT Filled Glass Reinforced Polymer Composite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2965
Author(s):  
Sandeep Agrawal ◽  
Nishant K. Singh ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Upadhyay ◽  
Gurminder Singh ◽  
Yashvir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Performance ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Gfrp Composites ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Steel Surfaces ◽  
Lubrication Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron

In recent years, the engineering implications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have progressed enormously due to their versatile characteristics. In particular, the role of CNTs in improving the tribological performances of various engineering materials is well documented in the literature. In this work, an investigation has been conducted to study the tribological behaviour of CNTs filled with glass-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites in dry sliding, oil-lubricated, and gaseous (argon) environments in comparison to unfilled GFRP composites. The tribological study has been conducted on hardened steel surfaces at different loading conditions. Further, the worn surfaces have been examined for a particular rate of wear. Field-emission scanning electron (FESEM) microscopy was used to observe wear behaviours. The results of this study explicitly demonstrate that adding CNTs to GFRP composites increases wear resistance while lowering friction coefficient in all sliding environments. This has also been due to the beneficial strengthening and self-lubrication properties caused by CNTs on GFRP composites, according to FESEM research.

scholarly journals Development and Comparative Analysis of Electrochemically Etched Tungsten Tips for Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ali ◽  
Naveed Ullah ◽  
Asim Ahmad Riaz ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir ◽  
Zuhaib Ali Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Electrochemical Etching ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron

Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) based sensors are used for Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPM), in particular for near-field scanning optical microscopy. Highly sharp Tungsten (W) tips with larger cone angles and less tip diameter are critical for SPM instead of platinum and iridium (Pt/Ir) tips due to their high-quality factor, conductivity, mechanical stability, durability and production at low cost. Tungsten is chosen for its ease of electrochemical etching, yielding high-aspect ratio, sharp tips with tens of nanometer end diameters, while using simple etching circuits and basic electrolyte chemistry. Moreover, the resolution of the SPM images is observed to be associated with the cone angle of the SPM tip, therefore Atomic-Resolution Imaging is obtained with greater cone angles. Here, the goal is to chemically etch W to the smallest possible tip apex diameters. Tips with greater cone angles are produced by the custom etching procedures, which have proved superior in producing high quality tips. Though various methods are developed for the electrochemical etching of W wire, with a range of applications from scanning tunneling microscopy (SPM) to electron sources of scanning electron microscopes, but the basic chemical etching methods need to be optimized for reproducibility, controlling cone angle and tip sharpness that causes problems for the end users. In this research work, comprehensive experiments are carried out for the production of tips from 0.4 mm tungsten wire by three different electrochemical etching techniques, that is, Alternating Current (AC) etching, Meniscus etching and Direct Current (DC) etching. Consequently, sharp and high cone angle tips are obtained with required properties where the results of the W etching are analyzed, with optical microscope, and then with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Similarly, effects of varying applied voltages and concentration of NaOH solution with comparison among the produced tips are investigated by measuring their cone angle and tip diameter. Moreover, oxidation and impurities, that is, removal of contamination and etching parameters are also studied in this research work. A method has been tested to minimize the oxidation on the surface and the tips were characterized with scanning electron microscope (SEM).

scholarly journals Getting ahead of the Arms Race: Hothousing the Coevolution of VirusTotal with a Packer

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Héctor D. Menéndez ◽  
David Clark ◽  
Earl T. Barr
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Evolutionary Computation ◽  
Malware Detection ◽  
Cloud Service ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
System Calls ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Coevolutionary Arms Race

Malware detection is in a coevolutionary arms race where the attackers and defenders are constantly seeking advantage. This arms race is asymmetric: detection is harder and more expensive than evasion. White hats must be conservative to avoid false positives when searching for malicious behaviour. We seek to redress this imbalance. Most of the time, black hats need only make incremental changes to evade them. On occasion, white hats make a disruptive move and find a new technique that forces black hats to work harder. Examples include system calls, signatures and machine learning. We present a method, called Hothouse, that combines simulation and search to accelerate the white hat’s ability to counter the black hat’s incremental moves, thereby forcing black hats to perform disruptive moves more often. To realise Hothouse, we evolve EEE, an entropy-based polymorphic packer for Windows executables. Playing the role of a black hat, EEE uses evolutionary computation to disrupt the creation of malware signatures. We enter EEE into the detection arms race with VirusTotal, the most prominent cloud service for running anti-virus tools on software. During our 6 month study, we continually improved EEE in response to VirusTotal, eventually learning a packer that produces packed malware whose evasiveness goes from an initial 51.8% median to 19.6%. We report both how well VirusTotal learns to detect EEE-packed binaries and how well VirusTotal forgets in order to reduce false positives. VirusTotal’s tools learn and forget fast, actually in about 3 days. We also show where VirusTotal focuses its detection efforts, by analysing EEE’s variants.

A study of factors which influence the job satisfaction of stockpeople on commercial pig farms

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
R C Segundo ◽  
P R English ◽  
G Burgess ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
O MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Farm Livestock

The role of stockmanship in relation to the wellbeing of farm animals has been emphasised in the UK Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of Farm Livestock (MAFF, 1983). Moreover, previous research work has demonstrated important effects of good and bad stockmanship not only on welfare but also on growth, lactational and reproductive performance of pigs and other farm livestock (Hemsworth et al, 1987). There is a need, therefore, to establish the factors which motivate and demotivate stockpeople since the degree of job satisfaction is likely to have a considerable influence on the attitude and performance of stockpeople and on their empathy with the animals in their care. With this objective in mind, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the aspects which could have an influence on the job satisfaction of the stockpeople involved in pig production.

INFLUENCE OF La2O3 ADDITIONS ON CHEMICAL DURABILITY AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BOROALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1250062 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. ZHANG ◽  
Y. L. YUE ◽  
H. T. WU
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Tangent Loss ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Quenching Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Boroaluminosilicate glasses containing La2O3 were prepared by the normal quenching method. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The structural role of RO was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Chemical durability was evaluated by weight losses of glass samples after immersion in HC1 solution. High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) was used to examine the surface micrographs of corroded glass samples. The dielectric constant and tangent loss were measured in the frequency range 10–106 Hz. The results revealed that chemical durability and dielectric properties increased with increasing La2O3 content.

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