scholarly journals An alkali-free method to manufacture ramie fiber

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (17) ◽  
pp. 3653-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Song ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Kai Nie ◽  
Yuanming Zhang ◽  
Haoxi Ben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Degumming Process

Ramie is one of the most important fiber resources and it needs the degumming process to produce fibers. The traditional manufacturing process of ramie fibers requires a large amount of alkali, which causes serious environmental issues. This paper provides a novel path to manufacture ramie fibers without alkali. In this study, ramie bast was pretreated by steam explosion and then treated with deep eutectic solvent. The properties of ramie fibers prepared by the novel alkali-free method, including physical properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were compared with that produced by the traditional alkali process. Results showed that the fiber qualities, including residual gum content (4.68%), average fiber fineness (1419.99 Nm) and breaking tenacity (5.98 cN/dtex), were comparable with the traditional alkali process, which all meet the requirement of the relevant Chinese National Standards. The FTIR, SEM and XRD results all confirmed the degumming ability of the novel method to manufacture ramie fibers. Moreover, the novel method was proved to be eco-friendly. Taken together, these data indicate that the novel alkali-free method is green and effective in manufacturing ramie fibers.

Research on the character and degumming process of different parts of ramie fiber

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (17) ◽  
pp. 2013-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Cui ◽  
Manlan Jia ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Ruiyun Zhang ◽  
Longdi Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aggregation Structure ◽  
Component Content ◽  
One Step ◽  
Gum Content ◽  
The One ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Different Parts

The aim of this paper is to study the differences of the aggregation structure, physical properties and chemical composition of different parts of ramie fiber, as well as segmented degumming processes applying to those different parts. The ramie was divided into three parts, namely the root, the middle and the head and then the traditional two-step alkali method was adopted for degumming. It has been observed that the linear density and breaking strength reduced gradually from the root to head and the friction coefficient of the head was the largest. X-ray diffraction measurement found that the crystallinity of the middle fiber was the highest. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the component content of different parts was not the same and there was much more gum content on the head, which was also confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. To shorten the degumming process and reduce the energy consumption that the two-step segmented degumming caused, the one-step optimization process was explored. The results illustrated that by using one-step optimization segmented degumming, the residual gum content of the head, the middle and the root were 2.55%, 2.17% and 2.12%, respectively. By using two-step degumming, the residual gum contents were 2.16%, 1.97% and 2.07%, respectively. Contrasting one-step degumming and two-step degumming, it could be concluded that the head and the middle parts were suitable for two-step degumming while the root part was suitable for one-step degumming.

Effect of Lattice Distortion Modification Processing on Crystallinity and Orientation of Ramie Fiber

2012 ◽  
Vol 152-154 ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ze Sun ◽  
Zi Na Zhu ◽  
Zhuo Meng ◽  
Xiao Ping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Ramie Fibers

In order to test whether the crystallinity and orientation of ramie fibers have changed after they are treated by the lattice distortion modification processing technology, this paper does some experiments on it. Firstly, process ramie fibers by the lattice distortion modification processing equipment. Then use X-ray diffraction method to determine the crystallinity and orientation of pristine and modified ramie fibers. Finally analyse the effect of lattice distortion modification processing on the lattice structure of ramie fiber. The experimental results show that the lattice structure of ramie fiber has changed after modification processing, with crystallinity, grain size decreasing obviously and orientation slight descent, which make ramie fibers appear softer and more puffy from macrocosmic perspective.

scholarly journals Green degumming process of ramie fiber thermal effect and optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2447-2451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoliang Liu ◽  
Dan Tian ◽  
Bangze Zhou ◽  
Yumeng Zhang ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Sodium Percarbonate ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Degumming Process ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

Ramie is a kind of natural fibers, it requires degumming process before it can be used as a raw material for various applications. The traditional treatment uses alkali, which is not an environmentally friendly process. In this paper, ramie fibers are degummed using sodium percarbonate, which causes no any negative environmental problems, and its decomposition, hydrogen peroxide, is a clear liquid, it can be used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent and antiseptics for surface treatment of ramie fibers. Effect of temperature and concentration of sodium percarbonate on the degumming process are studied theoretically and verified experimentally. Finally an optimal degumming process is suggested for maximal weight ratio of degummed ramie fiber to raw bast.

Preparation and characterization of composite scaffold of alginate and cellulose nanofiber from ramie

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (16) ◽  
pp. 3260-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanming Zhang ◽  
Conger Wang ◽  
Yanhui Liu ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Guangting Han
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Ramie Fiber ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Alginate Scaffold

Alginate scaffold with high porosity has great potential in the field of tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility and degradability. However, the poor mechanical performance of pure alginate scaffold has limited its use in many applications. Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have attracted attention as reinforcing agents to fabricate composite scaffolds with alginate. In this paper, CNF obtained from raw ramie fibers was incorporated with sodium alginate to make a composite scaffold by the freeze-drying method. CNF contents of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6% were selected to study the effect of CNF on scaffold characterization. The composite scaffold exhibited fewer pores but more compact structure than the pure alginate scaffold. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the changes in the functional groups between the ramie fiber and its CNF, pure alginate scaffold, and the composite scaffold. X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystallinity of scaffold increased with addition of CNF. The mechanical performance of scaffold was successfully improved by adding CNF, but the porosity and swelling ratio were decreased. Hence, by combining CNF with alginate, the porous structure, mechanical properties, and swelling behaviors could be tailored, which could expand its use in the field of tissue engineering.

The chemical degumming process and effect on the composition, structure and properties of Apocynum venetum

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Jianting Lou ◽  
Lan Yao ◽  
Yiping Qiu ◽  
Huoyue Lin ◽  
Ye Kuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bast Fibers ◽  
Ramie Fibers ◽  
Apocynum Venetum ◽  
Color Data ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Fourier Transform ◽  
Degumming Process

Apocynum venetum (AV) is a kind of rare wild plant with a strong capability for survival in the world and is named the “the king of wild fiber.” As AV bast fibers have defects due to natural and operational interventions, it is difficult to degum them thoroughly. In this study, chemical degumming was applied to obtain degummed fibers for further treatment. The details of degumming were provided and the necessary characterizations of the degummed fibers were tested and analyzed. The average length of AV fiber was 29.68 mm, concentrated in the range of 10–50 mm, which was suitable for blending with cotton, wool, etc. In addition, the fineness of AV fibers was 4673.25 Nm. From the results of color data, AV fibers were reddish yellow. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the degummed single AV fiber had a certain number of nodes distributing randomly on the surface. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that the peaks associating with the pectin, hemicellulose and lignin decreased significantly, indicating the effectiveness of the chemical degumming. In addition, the AV bast fibers and AV fibers had strong abilities in absorbing water moisture with regains of 11.56% and 8.7%, respectively. For the mechanical properties, the degummed AV fibers had a similar modulus of 401.56 cN/dtex to that of ramie fibers. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that after degumming, the crystalline structure was more obvious. These results provided the necessary basis for studying the structures of AV bast and degummed fibers and provided preparation for further fiber mat reinforced composites.

A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA GERLI ◽  
LEENDERT C. EIGENBROOD
Keyword(s):  
Ash Content ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Offset Printing ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Bottom Side ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Total Fraction

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.

Ten-Vertex Polyhedral Monocarbaborane Chemistry. The Novel High-Yield Formation of the Ten-Vertex closo Compound [6-(PMe2Ph)-closo-1-CB9H9] from the Thermolysis of [8,8-(PMe2Ph)2-nido-8,7-PtCB9H11]

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2924-2935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane H. Jones ◽  
Bohumil Štíbr ◽  
John D. Kennedy ◽  
Mark Thornton-Pett
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Centre ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Boiling Toluene

Thermolysis of [8,8-(PMe2Ph)2-nido-8,7-PtCB9H11] in boiling toluene solution results in an elimination of the platinum centre and cluster closure to give the ten-vertex closo species [6-(PMe2Ph)-closo-1-CB9H9] in 85% yield as a colourles air stable solid. The product is characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals (from hexane-dichloromethane) are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a = 903.20(9), b = 1 481.86(11), c = 2 320.0(2) pm, β = 97.860(7)° and Z = 8, and the structure has been refined to R(Rw) = 0.045(0.051) for 3 281 observed reflections with Fo > 2.0σ(Fo). The clean high-yield elimination of a metal centre from a polyhedral metallaborane or metallaheteroborane species is very rare.

scholarly journals Some Novel Cobalt Diphenylphosphine Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Behavior in the Polymerization of 1,3-Butadiene

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4067
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ricci ◽  
Giuseppe Leone ◽  
Giorgia Zanchin ◽  
Benedetta Palucci ◽  
Alessandra Forni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
The Novel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
And Behavior

Some novel cobalt diphenylphosphine complexes were synthesized by reacting cobalt(II) chloride with (2-methoxyethyl)diphenylphosphine, (2-methoxyphenyl)diphenylphosphine, and 2-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-6-(diphenylphosphino)pyridine. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction studies were obtained for the first two complexes, and their crystal structure was determined. The novel compounds were then used in association with methylaluminoxane (MAO) for the polymerization of 1,3-butadiene, and their behavior was compared with that exhibited in the polymerization of the same monomer by the systems CoCl2(PnPrPh2)2/MAO and CoCl2(PPh3)2/MAO. Some significant differences were observed depending on the MAO/Co ratio used, and a plausible interpretation for such a different behavior is proposed.

scholarly journals REMAXINT: a two-mode clustering-based method for statistical inference on two-way interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Alberto Cassese ◽  
Gerard van Breukelen ◽  
Jan Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Empirical Case Studies

AbstractWe present a novel method, REMAXINT, that captures the gist of two-way interaction in row by column (i.e., two-mode) data, with one observation per cell. REMAXINT is a probabilistic two-mode clustering model that yields two-mode partitions with maximal interaction between row and column clusters. For estimation of the parameters of REMAXINT, we maximize a conditional classification likelihood in which the random row (or column) main effects are conditioned out. For testing the null hypothesis of no interaction between row and column clusters, we propose a $$max-F$$ m a x - F test statistic and discuss its properties. We develop a Monte Carlo approach to obtain its sampling distribution under the null hypothesis. We evaluate the performance of the method through simulation studies. Specifically, for selected values of data size and (true) numbers of clusters, we obtain critical values of the $$max-F$$ m a x - F statistic, determine empirical Type I error rate of the proposed inferential procedure and study its power to reject the null hypothesis. Next, we show that the novel method is useful in a variety of applications by presenting two empirical case studies and end with some concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Interrogating the Egypto-Sudanic Arabic Connection

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Leddy-Cecere
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Verbal Inflection ◽  
Segmental Phonology ◽  
Language Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Dialect Classification ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The Arabic dialectology literature repeatedly asserts the existence of a macro-level classificatory relationship binding the Arabic speech varieties of the combined Egypto-Sudanic area. This proposal, though oft-encountered, has not previously been formulated in reference to extensive linguistic criteria, but is instead framed primarily on the nonlinguistic premise of historical demographic and genealogical relationships joining the Arabic-speaking communities of the region. The present contribution provides a linguistically based evaluation of this proposed dialectal grouping, to assess whether the postulated dialectal unity is meaningfully borne out by available language data. Isoglosses from the domains of segmental phonology, phonological processes, pronominal morphology, verbal inflection, and syntax are analyzed across six dialects representing Arabic speech in the region. These are shown to offer minimal support for a unified Egypto-Sudanic dialect classification, but instead to indicate a significant north–south differentiation within the sample—a finding further qualified via application of the novel method of Historical Glottometry developed by François and Kalyan. The investigation concludes with reflection on the implications of these results on the understandings of the correspondence between linguistic and human genealogical relationships in the history of Arabic and in dialectological practice more broadly.

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