Wrinkle recovery angle enhancement and tensile strength loss of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid finished lyocell fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Guizhen Ke ◽  
Zhiheng Xiao ◽  
Xinya Jin ◽  
Lixiang Yu ◽  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid ◽  
Strength Retention

The formaldehyde-free crease-proof finishing agent 1,2,3,4,-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was used to treat lyocell fabrics. The effects of BTCA concentration and curing temperature on the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) and tensile breaking strength of lyocell fabrics were discussed. The results showed that with the increase of BTCA concentration and curing temperature, the WRA value of lyocell fabrics increased obviously and the maximum WRA reached 147°, but breaking strength decreased gradually and the minimum strength retention was 68%. The WRA was durable against laundering. The fabric whiteness difference was not obvious and the whiteness retention of all samples exceeded 98%. After further alkali treatment, the WRA of the treated lyocell fabrics decreased and the fracture strength retention recovered to varying degrees (0.45–10.8%). The developed regression equations were found to be in good correlation ( r2 > 92%) with the selected variables (tensile strength, BTCA concentration, curing temperature). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the tensile strength loss of BTCA-treated lyocell fabrics was caused by cross-linking of cellulose molecules and acid degradation. Tensile strength loss that resulted from ester bonding could be restored after hydrolysis in alkaline solution. The recoverable magnitude of tensile strength was related to the curing temperature. A high temperature not only promoted the cross-linking of cellulose macromolecules, but also accelerated the acid degradation of cellulose.

scholarly journals Improving the Dyeability and Anti-Wrinkle Properties of Cotton Fabric via Oxidized Raffinose

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4641
Author(s):  
Jiangfei Lou ◽  
Jinfang Zhang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Xuerong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Dyeing Performance ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Combined Mechanism ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid

In the anti-wrinkle finishing of cotton fabrics, the decreased dyeability of the finished fabrics has always been a difficult problem. A new anti-wrinkle finishing mode was developed to solve this problem by changing the finishing sequence of fabric dyeing and anti-wrinkle. In this research, the partial oxidization of raffinose with sodium periodate generated multiple aldehydes, which acted as multifunctional cross-linkers and endowed cotton fabrics with anti-wrinkle and hydrophilic properties. The structural characteristics of oxyRa were analyzed by FTIR and 13C-NMR. Through response surface methodology (RSM), the finishing model of oxyRa was established from the influencing factors of catalyst concentration, pH, curing temperature and time, and the optimized finishing process: the catalyst concentration was 20.12 g/L, pH was 4.32, curing temperature was 150 °C and curing time was 120 s. Under this condition, the predicted wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) of the finished fabric was up to 249.76°, Tensile strength (TS) was 75.62%, Whiteness index (WI) was 70.69. Importantly, comparing the anti-wrinkle and dyeing performance of the fabric with anti-wrinkle and then dyeing and anti-wrinkle after dyeing, the oxyRa-treated fabrics showed better dyeing properties compared with previously reported dimethyldihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU), glutaraldehyde (GA), and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). Analysis of the combined mechanism of different finishing agents and cellulose, demonstrated the reason why oxyRa can be used to change the order of dyeing and anti-wrinkle finishing.

Tensile strength of handsheets prepared with macerated fibres from solid wood modified with cross-linking agents

Holzforschung ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stergios Adamopoulos ◽  
Reza Hosseinpourpia ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Finite Span ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control ◽  
Additional Role ◽  
Modified Wood

Abstract This study was conducted to explain the tensile strength loss of wood due to the modification with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and glutaraldehyde (GA). Modified and control wood blocks were macerated to deliberate fibres, and handsheets were produced thereof. The nitrogen content of the fibres indicated that maceration removed the major proportions of DMDHEU. The stability of GA in wood during maceration was not assessed. Tensile strength determined at zero span (z-strength) and finite span (f-strength) was equal for the handsheets from DMDHEU-modified fibres and the control handsheets. The microscopic appearance of the tested finite-span paper strips from DMDHEU-modified fibres mainly indicated interfibre failure and did not differ from the fibre fracture mode of the control handsheets. In contrast, the z-strength of the handsheets from GA-modified fibres was lower than that of controls and decreased with increasing content of GA in the initial modified wood. The f-strength behaviour of the handsheets from GA-modified fibres was the opposite: it was higher than that of controls and increased with increasing GA content. The microscopic appearance of the rapture zones of the finite-span testing mainly indicated intrafibre failure for the GA-modified fibres. It was concluded that cross-linking is likely to be the major reason for tensile strength loss of GA- and DMDHEU-modified wood. In terms of DMDHEU-modified wood, the incrustation of the cell wall by the resin and the reduction in pliability could play an additional role.

SURFACE TREATMENT OF ANTI-CREASE FINISHED COTTON FABRIC BASED ON SOL–GEL TECHNOLOGY

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAOXIA WANG ◽  
LI CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Silica Sol ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid

The silica sol was applied onto 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) finished cotton fabrics with the attempt to improve the physical properties especially the tensile strength which had a big loss in the previous anti-crease finishing processing. The parameters including the dosage of the coupling agent, the concentration and pH of the sol and the processing methods were studied in detail. Compared to the sample finished with BTCA, 11.8% of the increase in the crease recovery angle and 18.6% of the enhancement in the tensile strength of the cotton fabric also treated with silica sol in the better selected conditions were obtained. The abrasion resistance was also improved.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND CURE TEST OF A NATURAL RUBBER/POLY(VINYL ALCOHOL) BLEND

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa-Ad Riyajan ◽  
Suwit Chaiponban ◽  
Sasitorn Chusri ◽  
Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Maleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Curing Time

Abstract Properties and antibacterial activity of polymer blend films prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and natural rubber (NR) blends, in the presence of maleic acid as a cross-linking agent were studied. The effect of the maleic acid content, curing temperature, and curing time on the properties of the polymer blend was investigated. Cross-linking between PVA and maleic acid was observed by attenuated total reflection mode–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at 1152 cm−1. The swelling ratio of the polymer blend decreased as a function of the increase of the maleic acid content. The tensile strength of the polymer blend increased with an increase of both the maleic acid and the curing time. The highest tensile strength of the samples was observed with 40% w/w maleic acid after a 24 h curing time at 120 °C. The elongation at the break of 60/40 NR/PVA was ∼500% at 120 °C for 1 h. In addition, the polymer blend showed good antibacterial activity with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, and Acinetobacter baumannii JVC 1053 and could find many applications.

Study on Preparation and Properties of Cotton Fabric Modified by Anthraquinone Extract from Aloe

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2705-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hui Xu ◽  
Yong Jin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Citric Acid Concentration ◽  
Moisture Adsorption ◽  
Ultraviolet Resistance ◽  
Recovery Angle

For improving wear properties of cotton fabric and exploiting ecological cotton textile with multifunction, cotton fabric was modified with anthraquinone extract of aloe. Aloe anthraquinone was fixed onto the surface of cotton fabric through the esterification crosslink of citric acid at high temperature using a pad-dry-cure process. The effects of citric acid concentration, catalyst concentration, aloe anthraquinone concentration and curing temperature on the treatment were mainly investigated. The optimized treating parameters for cotton fabric were obtained. The weight gain of modified fabric was significantly affected by the technical conditions. The breaking strength, moisture adsorption, wrinkle recovery angle, UV resistance and antibacterial properties of treated fabrics were respectively measured. The results showed that the wrinkle recovery angle of treated fabric markedly increased, whereas the breaking strength slightly decreased, and the moisture adsorption of fabrics kept almost unchanged. Additionally, the ultraviolet resistance and antibacterial property of modified cotton fabric became strong.

Comparison of Textile Mechanical Properties of Cotton in Crosslinking with Dimethylolethyleneurea and Formaldehyde

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Meyer ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
H. Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Varied Concentration ◽  
Very High

Cotton fabrics were crosslinked with dimethylolethyleneurea (DMEU) and with formaldehyde by the pad-dry-cure process. The following parameters were varied: concentration of catalyst (MgCl2) and crosslinking agent, reaction time, and temperature. The crosslinked fabrics were characterized by dry and wet crease-recovery angles, tensile strength, and degree of polymerization. The results show that with DMEU a significantly better dry crease-recovery angle/tensile strength relation is obtainable. This difference is due entirely to a greater degradation of cellulose by hydrolysis in treatments with formaldehyde. Furthermore, in the case of DMEU the effect/strength loss relation can be improved by using very high resin concentrations in the padding liquor.

Innovative ecological method for producing easy care characteristics and antibacterial activity onto viscose fabric using glutaraldehyde and chitosan nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Khaled Mostafa ◽  
Azza El-Sanabary
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Recovery Angle

Purpose This study aims to explore the incorporation of the authors previously prepared chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) of size around 60-100 nm in the cross-linking formulation of viscose fabrics to see CNPs impact in terms of imparting multi-functional characteristics such as tensile strength, dry wrinkle recovery angles and antibacterial properties. Design/methodology/approach CNPs of size around 60-100 nm were incorporated in cross-linking formulations for viscose fabrics, including different concentrations of glutaraldehyde as a non-formaldehyde cross-linking agent and magnesium chloride hexahydrate as a catalyst. The formulations were applied at different curing times and temperatures in 100 mL distilled water, giving rise to a wet pickup of ca. 85 per cent. The fabrics were dried for 3 min at 85°C and cured at specified temperatures for fixed time intervals in thermo fixing oven according to the traditional pad-dry-cure method. Findings The above eco-friendly method for finished viscose fabrics was found to obtain high dry wrinkle recovery angle and maintain the tensile strength of the finished fabric within the acceptable range, as well as antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as a gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Both, scanning electron microscope and nitrogen percent on the finished fabric confirm the penetration of CNPs inside the fabric structure. Finally, viscose fabrics pageant antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria assessed even after 20 washing cycle. Research limitations/implications CNPs with its flourishing effect with respect to cationic nature, biodegradability, reactivity, higher surface area and antimicrobial activity; in addition to glutaraldehyde as non-formaldehyde finishing agent can be used as multi-functional agents for viscose fabrics instead of DMDHEU, polyacrylate and monomeric composites as hazardous materials. Practical implications CNPs as cationic biopolymers were expected to impart multi-functional properties to viscose fabrics especially with obtaining reasonable dry wrinkle recovery angle and tensile strength in addition to antibacterial properties. Originality/value The novelty addressed here is undertaken with a view to impart easy care characteristics and antibacterial activities onto viscose fabrics using CNPs as antimicrobial agent and glutaraldehyde as non-formaldehyde durable press finishes to-replace the traditional formaldehyde-based resins. Besides, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no published work so far using the above cross-linking formulation written above.

COMPREHENSIVE NUMERICAL MODEL FOR THE INTERPRETATION OF CROSS-LINKING WITH PEROXIDES AND SULFUR: CHEMICAL MECHANISMS AND OPTIMAL VULCANIZATION OF REAL ITEMS

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Milani ◽  
Federico Milani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Electric Cables

ABSTRACT This work presents a comprehensive numerical model to optimize mechanical properties of thick rubber vulcanized items, comprising medium and high voltage electric cables and three-dimensional devices. Several vulcanization systems are considered, including peroxides and accelerated sulfur. For peroxides, both a genetic algorithm (GA) and an alternating tangent (AT) approach are adopted to determine the optimal final mechanical properties (tensile strength) of rubber items. The use of a mixture of peroxides is also considered, demonstrating that balanced mixtures may help in reducing the curing time and/or in increasing the optimal tensile strength in both core and skin of thick devices. For sulfur vulcanization, a mathematical kinetic model is presented to predict the cross-linking density of vulcanized rubber. The model is conceived to fit experimental rheometer data, and it is suitable to have an estimate of cross-linking degree at fixed temperature. The model requires a parametric calibration by means of only three kinetic constants, successively implemented in Finite Element (FE) software, specifically developed to perform thermal analyses on two-dimensional geometries. As an example, an extruded cylindrical thick EPDM item is considered and meshed through four-noded isoparametric plane elements. Several FE simulations are repeated changing both exposition time, tc, and external curing temperature, Tc, to evaluate for each (tc, Tc) couple the corresponding mechanical properties of the item at the end of the thermal treatment.

Study on Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Sericin and its Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 175-176 ◽  
pp. 624-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tie Ling Xing ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Guo Qiang Chen ◽  
Jia Yong Sheng ◽  
Dao Quan Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Specific Property ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Wear Property ◽  
Moisture Regain ◽  
Recovery Angle

In order to take the advantage of the specific property of sericin to improve wear property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was finished with sericin. Sericin was fixed onto the surface of cotton fabric in the presence of poly-carboxylic acids (CA and BTCA) at high temperature using a pad-dry-cure process. The effects of catalyst concentration, pH value, curing temperature and curing time on the finish were investigated. The optimized finishing conditions for cotton fabric were obtained. The weight gain of treated fabric with BTCA as crosslinking agent was higher than CA. The whiteness, breaking strength, moisture regain, permeability to gas and crease recovery properties of treated fabrics were measured. The results showed that wrinkle recovery angle evidently increased, and the wrinkle recover angle of BTCA combined secrin treated fabric was higher than CA. The breaking strength, moisture regain and whiteness of the treated fabric slightly decreased, the permeability to gas of cotton fabrics were not changed.

Properties of Cotton Fabrics Crosslinked with Different Molecular Chain Lengths of Aldehyde Agents

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh-Pyng Shyu ◽  
Cheng-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Molecular Chain ◽  
Surface Migration ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Strength Retention ◽  
Crosslinking Agents ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength ◽  
Better Than

Cotton fabric has been crosslinked with differing molecular chain lengths of an aldehyde crosslinking agent (formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde). The formaldehyde treated fabric shows lower tensile strength retention than the glutaraldehyde treated fabric but higher elongation retention for a given agent concentration. At the same dry or wet crease recovery angle, tensile strength of the formaldehyde treated fabric is lower than that of the glutaraldehyde treated fabric, but elongation is higher. Wet crease recovery of the formaldehyde treated fabric is better than that of the glutaraldehyde treated fabric. The degree of surface migration is similar for both fabrics. Agent distribution in the treated fibers is different for the differing molecular chain lengths of the crosslinking agents.

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