Properties of Cotton Fabrics Crosslinked with Different Molecular Chain Lengths of Aldehyde Agents

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh-Pyng Shyu ◽  
Cheng-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Molecular Chain ◽  
Surface Migration ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Strength Retention ◽  
Crosslinking Agents ◽  
Lower Tensile Strength ◽  
Better Than

Cotton fabric has been crosslinked with differing molecular chain lengths of an aldehyde crosslinking agent (formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde). The formaldehyde treated fabric shows lower tensile strength retention than the glutaraldehyde treated fabric but higher elongation retention for a given agent concentration. At the same dry or wet crease recovery angle, tensile strength of the formaldehyde treated fabric is lower than that of the glutaraldehyde treated fabric, but elongation is higher. Wet crease recovery of the formaldehyde treated fabric is better than that of the glutaraldehyde treated fabric. The degree of surface migration is similar for both fabrics. Agent distribution in the treated fibers is different for the differing molecular chain lengths of the crosslinking agents.

scholarly journals Established an eco-friendly cotton fabric treating process with enhancing anti-wrinkle performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110034
Author(s):  
Xiongfang Luo ◽  
Pei Cheng ◽  
Wencong Wang ◽  
Jiajia Fu ◽  
Weidong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Wrinkle Resistance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strength Retention

This study establishes an eco-friendly anti-wrinkle treating process for cotton fabric. Sodium hydroxide-liquid ammonia pretreatment followed by 6% (w/w) PU100 adding citric acid pad-cure-dry finishing. In this process, citric acid (CA) was used as the fundamental crosslinking agent during finishing because it is a non-formaldehyde based, cost-effective and well wrinkle resistance agent. Environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was used as an additive to add to the CA finishing solution. Six commercial WPUs were systematically investigated. Fabric properties like wrinkle resistance, tensile strength retention, whiteness, durable press, softness, and wettability were well investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction spectra were also measured and discussed before and after adding waterborne polyurethane. Tentative mechanism of the interaction among the WPU, CA, and modified cotton fabrics is provided. The effect of cotton fabric pretreatment on fabric performance was also investigated. After the eco-process’s treatment, the fabric wrinkle resistant angle was upgraded to 271 ± 7°, tensile strength retention was maintained at 66.77% ± 3.50% and CIE whiteness was elevated to 52.13 ± 3.21, which are much better than the traditional CA anti-wrinkle finishing based on mercerized cotton fabrics. This study provides useful information for textile researchers and engineers.

Alternative microwave curing approach for imparting ease and care characteristics and antimicrobial activity to viscose fabric

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh M. Mostafa ◽  
A. A. Elsanabary
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Graft Copolymer ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Sodium Hypophosphite ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microwave Curing ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to use multi-functional viscose fabric that was facilely developed with with respect to ease and care characteristics, reinforcement effect and antibacterial activity by using novel echo friendly antibacterial finish based on citric acid/sodium hypophosphite and the authors’ previously tailor-made poly meth acrylic acid (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer via alternative microwave curing approach instead of traditional high-temperature cure one. Design/methodology/approach Viscose fabric was paddled twice in the cross-linking formulations containing different concentrations of citric acid, poly (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer and sodium hypophosphite to 90 % wet pick up and dried at 100°C for 3 min in an electric oven. Then, the treated fabrics were placed on the disk spinner of the microwave oven and cured at different power (100–800 Watt) for various durations (60–180 s). The fabric was then water-rinsed and dried at ambient condition before use. Findings Results revealed that the above echo friendly method for finished viscose fabrics was found to achieve relatively high dry wrinkle recovery angle and maintain the loss in tensile strength within the acceptable range, as well as antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus as a gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively; in addition to durability up to ten washing cycles. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope images, nitrogen content and add on % of the finished fabric confirmed the penetration of grafted chitosan inside the fabric structure. The tentative mechanism for these reactions is advocated. Originality/value The novelty addressed here is undertaken with the advantages of using citric acid as a nonformaldehyde, safe and cheap poly carboxylic acid as a crosslinking agent and sodium hypophosphite as a potential catalyst, in addition to the authors’ noncitable multifunctional echo friendly tailor-made poly (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer for imparting reinforcement and antibacterial characteristics to viscose fabric that uses the pad-dry/cure microwave fixation for progressively persuaded heat within the fabric during curing. Research limitations/implications This was done to see the impact of microwave as green and efficient tool with respect to reduction in organic solvents, chemicals and exposer time as well as fixation temperature on the finishing reaction in comparison with traditional pad-dry-cure method. Practical implications Poly (MAA)-chitosan graft copolymer as amphoteric biopolymer was expected to impart multifunctional properties to viscose fabrics especially with comparable dry wrinkle recovery angle and minimize the loss in tensile strength in addition to antibacterial properties in comparison with untreated one.

Properties of Cotton Fabrics Crosslinked with Different Molecular Chain Lengths of Aldehyde Agents

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsang-Yuh Liang ◽  
Jenn-Yann Hwang ◽  
Der-Shiann Ju ◽  
Cheng-Chi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Molecular Chain ◽  
Diffusion Resistance ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Untreated Cotton ◽  
Chain Lengths

Adsorption time curves from finite baths have been studied for untreated cotton fabric and cottons treated with differing molecular chain lengths of aldehydes (formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde). Crosslinking reduced the rate constant, structural diffusion resistance constant, and equilibrium adsorption of dyeing. Additionally, these data decreased with increasing agent concentration and with increasing molecular chain length of the crosslinking agent. The dyeing activation energy of the glutaraldehyde treated fabric was lower than that of the formaldehyde treated fabric.

Comparison of Textile Mechanical Properties of Cotton in Crosslinking with Dimethylolethyleneurea and Formaldehyde

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Meyer ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
H. Zollinger
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Cure Process ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Varied Concentration ◽  
Very High

Cotton fabrics were crosslinked with dimethylolethyleneurea (DMEU) and with formaldehyde by the pad-dry-cure process. The following parameters were varied: concentration of catalyst (MgCl2) and crosslinking agent, reaction time, and temperature. The crosslinked fabrics were characterized by dry and wet crease-recovery angles, tensile strength, and degree of polymerization. The results show that with DMEU a significantly better dry crease-recovery angle/tensile strength relation is obtainable. This difference is due entirely to a greater degradation of cellulose by hydrolysis in treatments with formaldehyde. Furthermore, in the case of DMEU the effect/strength loss relation can be improved by using very high resin concentrations in the padding liquor.

Wrinkle recovery angle enhancement and tensile strength loss of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid finished lyocell fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Guizhen Ke ◽  
Zhiheng Xiao ◽  
Xinya Jin ◽  
Lixiang Yu ◽  
Jianqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Butanetetracarboxylic Acid ◽  
Strength Retention

The formaldehyde-free crease-proof finishing agent 1,2,3,4,-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) was used to treat lyocell fabrics. The effects of BTCA concentration and curing temperature on the wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) and tensile breaking strength of lyocell fabrics were discussed. The results showed that with the increase of BTCA concentration and curing temperature, the WRA value of lyocell fabrics increased obviously and the maximum WRA reached 147°, but breaking strength decreased gradually and the minimum strength retention was 68%. The WRA was durable against laundering. The fabric whiteness difference was not obvious and the whiteness retention of all samples exceeded 98%. After further alkali treatment, the WRA of the treated lyocell fabrics decreased and the fracture strength retention recovered to varying degrees (0.45–10.8%). The developed regression equations were found to be in good correlation ( r2 > 92%) with the selected variables (tensile strength, BTCA concentration, curing temperature). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the tensile strength loss of BTCA-treated lyocell fabrics was caused by cross-linking of cellulose molecules and acid degradation. Tensile strength loss that resulted from ester bonding could be restored after hydrolysis in alkaline solution. The recoverable magnitude of tensile strength was related to the curing temperature. A high temperature not only promoted the cross-linking of cellulose macromolecules, but also accelerated the acid degradation of cellulose.

The prediction of optimal conditions for the surface grafting of β-cyclodextrin onto silk fabrics by an artificial neural network (ANN)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Zare ◽  
Pedram Payvandy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Silk Fabrics ◽  
Recovery Angle

Purpose The purpose of this study is the chemical grafting of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) onto silk fabrics by the use of butane tetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a crosslinking agent and nano-TiO2 (NTO) as a catalyst. The effects of different parameters involved in this particular process, e.g. β-CD, BTCA and NTO concentrations, are examined using the artificial neural network (ANN). The method is evaluated for its ability to predict certain properties of treated fabrics, including grafting yield, dry crease recovery angle (DCRA) and wet crease recovery angle (WCRA), tensile strength, elongation at break and methylene blue dye absorption. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted to describe the cross-linking of silk with 1,2,3,4-BTCA as a crosslinking agent in a wet state at low temperatures using NTO catalyst to improve the dry and wet wrinkle recovery (DCRA and WCRA) of silk fabrics. An ANN was also used to model and analyze the effects of BTCA, β-CD and NTO concentrations on the grafting percentage and some properties of the treated samples. Findings According to the results, the wet and dry wrinkle recovery of the silk fabrics was improved for about 38% and 11%, respectively, as compared to the non-cross-linked fabrics, without significantly affecting the tensile strength retention of the fabrics. Originality/value This research model and analyze the effects of BTCA, β-CD and NTO concentrations on the grafting percentage and some properties of the treated samples for the first time.

Preparation of multiple-reactive-site and flexible crosslinking agent with transaconitic acid and acrylic acid and its application for three-dimensional crosslinking of cellulose

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110678
Author(s):  
Ting Liang ◽  
Kelu Yan ◽  
Tao Zhao ◽  
Bolin Ji
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Reactive Site ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acid ◽  
Recovery Angle ◽  
Strength Retention ◽  
Tearing Strength

A novel multiple-reactive-site crosslinking agent, P(TAA‒AA), was developed from transaconitic acid and acrylic acid in this study. Cotton fabrics with durable wrinkle-resistant properties were obtained by crosslinking with P(TAA‒AA), which benefited from the multifunctional carboxyl groups of crosslinking agents and the three-dimensional crosslinking inside cotton fibers. The wrinkle-resistant properties of P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics were evaluated and compared with those of other polycarboxylic acid-treated fabrics, and the P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics showed a wrinkle recovery angle of 262° as high as the 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid-modified fabrics while maintaining nearly two-fold higher tearing strength retention (62.9%), and they showed a much higher value of whiteness index than the citric acid-modified fabrics. This demonstrated that the obtained P(TAA‒AA) is an ideal polycarboxylic acid already known to date simultaneously to realize the high wrinkle recovery angle and high tearing strength retention for treated cotton fabrics. The Raman depth mapping images and the scanning electron microscope images of P(TAA‒AA)-modified samples indicated that P(TAA‒AA) molecules can diffuse into the amorphous regions of the cellulose fibers and form crosslinking bridges between cellulose chains. The multiple reactive carboxyl groups in P(TAA‒AA) may form three or more ester bonds between the P(TAA‒AA) molecule and different cellulose chains, which were regarded as the main contribution to the high crosslinking effectiveness of the P(TAA‒AA)-modified fabrics.

Terephthalaldehyde as better crosslinking agent in crosslinked chitosan hydrogel for selective removal of anionic dyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhvi Garg ◽  
Navneet Bhullar ◽  
Bharat Bajaj ◽  
Dhiraj Sud
Keyword(s):  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Ultrasound Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Crosslinked Chitosan ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogels ◽  
Crosslinking Agents

The present manuscript reports the ultrasound radiation induced synthesis of grafted chitosan hydrogels (CAAT and CAAG) using terephthalaldehyde/glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agents and its application for removal of synthetic dyes from...

scholarly journals Vibrational resonant inelastic X-ray scattering in liquid acetic acid: a ruler for molecular chain lengths

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Savchenko ◽  
Iulia Emilia Brumboiu ◽  
Victor Kimberg ◽  
Michael Odelius ◽  
Pavel Krasnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Molecular Chain ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Localized Excitations ◽  
Vibrational Excitations ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Ray Scattering

AbstractQuenching of vibrational excitations in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectra of liquid acetic acid is observed. At the oxygen core resonance associated with localized excitations at the O–H bond, the spectra lack the typical progression of vibrational excitations observed in RIXS spectra of comparable systems. We interpret this phenomenon as due to strong rehybridization of the unoccupied molecular orbitals as a result of hydrogen bonding, which however cannot be observed in x-ray absorption but only by means of RIXS. This allows us to address the molecular structure of the liquid, and to determine a lower limit for the average molecular chain length.

scholarly journals Design and Gas Separation Performance of Imidazolium Poly(ILs) Containing Multivalent Imidazolium Fillers and Crosslinking Agents

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1388
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. O’Harra ◽  
Emily M. DeVriese ◽  
Erika M. Turflinger ◽  
Danielle M. Noll ◽  
Jason E. Bara
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Gas Permeation ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
Co2 Solubility ◽  
Imidazolium Cations ◽  
Crosslinking Agents ◽  
Gas Separation Performance

This work introduces a series of vinyl-imidazolium-based polyelectrolyte composites, which were structurally modified via impregnation with multivalent imidazolium-benzene ionic liquids (ILs) or crosslinked with novel cationic crosslinkers which possess internal imidazolium cations and vinylimidazolium cations at the periphery. A set of eight [C4vim][Tf2N]-based membranes were prepared via UV-initiated free radical polymerization, including four composites containing di-, tri-, tetra-, and hexa-imidazolium benzene ILs and four crosslinked derivatives which utilized tri- and tetra- vinylimidazolium benzene crosslinking agents. Structural and functional characterizations were performed, and pure gas permeation data were collected to better understand the effects of “free” ILs dispersed in the polymeric matrix versus integrated ionic crosslinks on the transport behaviors of these thin films. These imidazolium PIL:IL composites exhibited moderately high CO2 permeabilities (~20–40 Barrer), a 4–7× increase relative to corresponding neat PIL, with excellent selectivities against N2 or CH4. The addition of imidazolium-benzene fillers with increased imidazolium content were shown to correspondingly enhance CO2 solubility (di- < tri- < tetra- < hexa-), with the [C4vim][Tf2N]: [Hexa(Im+)Benz ][Tf2N] composite showing the highest CO2 permeability (PCO2 = 38.4 Barrer), while maintaining modest selectivities (αCO2/CH4 = 20.2, αCO2/N2 = 23.6). Additionally, these metrics were similarly improved with the integration of more ionic content bonded to the polymeric matrix; increased PCO2 with increased wt% of the tri- and tetra-vinylimidazolium benzene crosslinking agent was observed. This study demonstrates the intriguing interactions and effects of ionic additives or crosslinkers within a PIL matrix, revealing the potential for the tuning of the properties and transport behaviors of ionic polymers using ionic liquid-inspired small molecules.

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