Supramolecular structure of polypropylene fibers formed with addition of functionalized graphene oxide

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 2322-2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Broda ◽  
Marcin Baczek ◽  
Janusz Fabia ◽  
Ryszard Fryczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Pimelic Acid ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Spun Fibers

Pimelic acid and calcium hydroxide were used to attach calcium pimelate to the surface of graphene oxide. The additive was mixed with isotactic polypropylene granulate. Neat polypropylene and polypropylene with functionalized graphene oxide was extruded into fibers under laboratory conditions. The gravity spun fibers containing different concentration of the additive and the fibers taken at various velocities were obtained. Morphology and elemental composition of functionalized graphene oxide were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structure of fibers was examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The ability of calcium pimelate supported on the surface of the graphene oxide to nucleate the β-form of polypropylene was revealed. A considerable amount of the β-form crystals was obtained in the gravity spun fibers. In the fibers taken at moderate and higher velocities the β-form disappeared. The structure of the fibers extruded with the additive was similar to the structure of the fibers extruded from neat polypropylene. At moderate velocities, the content of mesophase in the structure was high. At higher velocities, the crystalline structure built only from α-form crystals was obtained. The paper presents a discussion of the changes observed in the fiber structure in connection with polypropylene nucleation.

scholarly journals Supramolecular Structure of Polypropylene Fibers Extruded with Addition of Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Broda ◽  
Janusz Fabia ◽  
Marcin Bączek ◽  
Czesław Ślusarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Supramolecular Structure ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Polypropylene Fibers ◽  
Fiber Structure ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spun Fibers

An effective β-nucleating agent for polypropylene crystallization was obtained by the functionalization of reduced graphene oxide with calcium pimelate. The nucleating ability of the modified reduced graphene oxide (rGO-CP) was confirmed during non-isothermal crystallization. In further examinations, the rGO-CP was used as an additive to modify polypropylene fibers. The fibers were extruded in laboratory conditions. Gravity spun fibers containing three different concentrations of the rGO-CP and fibers taken at three different velocities were obtained. The supramolecular structure of the fibers was examined by means of calorimetric and X-Ray Scattering methods (DSC, WAXS, and SAXS). The considerable amount of β-iPP was obtained only in the gravity spun fibers. In the fibers extruded at higher velocities, the diminishing impact of the additive on the fibers structure was revealed. The changes observed in the fiber structure in connection with the impact of the additive on polypropylene crystallization was discussed.

scholarly journals Nucleating agents based on graphene and graphene oxide for crystallization of the β-form of isotactic polypropylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1436-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Broda ◽  
Marcin Baczek ◽  
Janusz Fabia ◽  
Dorota Binias ◽  
Ryszard Fryczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Isotactic Polypropylene ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Pimelic Acid ◽  
Nucleating Agents ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene ◽  
Carboxylic Groups

Abstract During the investigations, functionalization of graphene oxide synthesized using modified Hummers’ method and its reduced form was performed. Mixtures of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide with pimelic acid and calcium hydroxide were prepared for functionalization. During the reaction, the molecules of pimelic acid were attached to the surface of graphene sheets. By forming links between the carboxylic groups of pimelic acid and graphene oxide, the durable connection was achieved. The functionalized graphene oxide and the reduced graphene oxide were used as additives in isotactic polypropylene crystallization. The influence of additives on crystallisation in non-isothermal conditions was examined using polarized optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the additives on the polypropylene structure was analysed using wide-angle X-ray scattering. For both functionalized compounds, the nucleating ability towards β-form of polypropylene was detected. Both additives showed the increase in the nucleation rate and promotion of growth of the β-form crystals. Nucleation efficiency similar to other nucleating agents used in the crystallization of the β-form of polypropylene was revealed.

Synthesis of Amino-Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Azobenzene Polyimide and its Simulation of Optical Switches

2017 ◽  
Vol 231 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianlin Cao ◽  
Fanyu Zhao ◽  
Zulin Da ◽  
Fengxian Qiu ◽  
Dongya Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
532 Nm

AbstractIn this work, an amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AFGO) was synthesized by graphene oxide (GO) and ethylene diamine. A novel amino-functionalized graphene oxide/azobenzene polyimide (AFGO/ACPI) was synthesized with AFGO, azobenzene chromophore and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). The structure, mechanical and thermal property of AFGO/ACPI were characterized and measured by fourier transform infrared, UV-visible spectroscopy, near-infrared spectrum, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. To obtain the refractive index of AFGO/ACPI at different temperature and wavelength (532 nm, 650 nm and 850 nm), the attenuated total reflection (ATR) method was used to measure, and thermo optic coefficients (dn/dT) were −7.22×10

Crystalline Morphology and Crystallization Behavior of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)/Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Prepared by Melt Compounding

2019 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Kun Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Crystalline Morphology ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
Melt Compounding ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate

Poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/functionalized graphene oxide (fGO) nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding. The crystalline morphology and crystallization behavior of PTT/fGO with different amounts of fGO were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscope (POM). The results show that the crystallization peak shifts to higher temperature after adding fGO, indicating that fGO have a nucleating effect on PTT. The crystallization temperature of nanocomposites increases with increasing content of fGO. The XRD pattern of PTT/fGO nanocomposites almost no change that indicated the degree of crystallinity of the PTT matrix remained unaffected by the addition of fGO. The nanocomposite revealed integrated Maltese crossed spherulitic morphologies. When adding 1% fGO to the PTT, big-sized PTT spherulites occurred and small-sized PTT spherulites were formed around the big-sized PTT spherulites which indicated that the mechanism of nucleation is changed.

scholarly journals Fabrication of silane-grafted graphene oxide and its effect on the structural, thermal, mechanical, and hysteretic behavior of polyurethane

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Hyung Lee ◽  
Seong Hun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Hysteretic Behavior ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstract Incorporation of nanofillers into polyurethane (PU) is a promising technique for enhancing its thermal and mechanical properties. Silane grafting has been used as a surface treatment for the functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with numerous reactive sites dispersed on its basal plane and edge. In this study, amine-grafted GO was prepared using silanization of GO with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The functionalized graphene oxide (fGO) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Next, it was introduced in PU fabricated using polycaprolactone diol, castor oil, and hexamethylene diisocyanate. The fGO–PU nanocomposites were in turn characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and a universal testing machine. The results obtained from these analyses showed changes in structural thermal properties, as well as improved thermal stability and mechanical properties because of the strong interfacial adhesion between the fGO and the PU matrix.

Effect of Amine Molecular Chain Length on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Functionalized Graphene Oxide/Polyurea Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Si Ouyang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Yiqing Deng ◽  
Mengxiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Conversion ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Chain Lengths

To improve the overall performance of polyurea, linear diamines with three different chain lengths (1,2-ethylenediamine (EDA) and amino-terminated polyoxypropylenes D230 and D2000) were reacted with graphene oxide (GO) by reaction of amines with carboxyl groups, and three different amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) nanosheets (EDA-GO, D230-GO and D2000-GO) were prepared. Subsequently, an AGO flake was bonded to a polyurea (PUA) substrate by an in situ chemical process. Analytical tests, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), showed that diamines were attached to the GO flake. The reinforcement properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and tensile testing. AGO nanosheets, especially EDA-GO, result in a certain degree of enhancement in the thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites formed with polyurea. The TGA and DSC results indicated that the T5% and Tg of the nanocomposites at low AGO loading were increased compared with those of pure polyurea. Meanwhile, the elongation at break of the nanocomposite film with 0.1 wt% EDA-GO loading was 240% higher than that of pure polyurea, and tensile strength was increased by 80% over that of pure polyurea. We provide a new approach to the chemical conversion of GO/PUA nanocomposites by preparing AGO and complexing it with polyurea.

scholarly journals Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of ETEO Modified Graphene Oxide/Epoxy Resin Coating

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunling Zhang ◽  
Xueyan Dai ◽  
Yingnan Wang ◽  
Guoen Sun ◽  
Peihong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Composite Coating ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resin Coating ◽  
Epoxy Resin Coating

Improving the corrosion resistance of epoxy resin coatings has become the focus of current research. This study focuses on synthesizing a functionalized silane coupling agent (2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl triethoxysilane) to modify the surface of graphene oxide to address nanomaterial agglomeration and enhance the coating resistance of the epoxy resin coating to corrosion by filling the coating with functionalized graphene oxide. Functionalized graphene oxide and coatings filled with functionalized graphene oxide were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The corrosion performance of each coating was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and a salt spray test. Results showed that the incorporation of functionalized graphene oxide enhances the corrosion protection performance of the epoxy composite coating, and the composite coating exhibited the best anticorrosion performance when the amount of functionalized graphene oxide was 0.7 wt %.

scholarly journals Styrene-Based Elastomer Composites with Functionalized Graphene Oxide and Silica Nanofiber Fillers: Mechanical and Thermal Conductivity Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Jaehyeung Park ◽  
Jaswinder Sharma ◽  
Kyle W. Monaghan ◽  
Harry M. Meyer ◽  
David A. Cullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Liquid Mixing ◽  
Silica Nanofibers ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of two composite elastomers were studied. Styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) filled with functionalized graphene oxide (GO) and silica nanofibers, and styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) block copolymers filled with graphene oxide. For the SBR composites, GO fillers with two different surface functionalities were synthesized (cysteamine and dodecylamine) and dispersed in the SBR using mechanical and liquid mixing techniques. The hydrophilic cysteamine-based GO fillers were dispersed in the SBR by mechanical mixing, whereas the hydrophobic dodecylamine-based GO fillers were dispersed in the SBR by liquid mixing. Silica nanofibers (SnFs) were fabricated by electrospinning a sol–gel precursor solution. The surface chemistry of the functionalized fillers was studied in detail. The properties of the composites and the synergistic improvements between the GO and SnFs are presented. For the SBS composites, GO fillers were dispersed in the SBS elastomer at several weight percent loadings using liquid mixing. Characterization of the filler material and the composite elastomers was performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile testing, nanoindentation, thermal conductivity and abrasion testing.

scholarly journals Obtaining and properties of functionalized graphene oxide.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-2020) ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
Y. V. Ioni ◽  
◽  
S. P. Gubin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Metal Clusters ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Functional Groups

The study is devoted to the possibility of surface modifying of graphene oxide with organic functional groups and/or metal nanoparticles. The presence of many oxygen-containing groups makes it possible to conduct surface methylation as well as allows them to be the centers of crystallization for metal clusters and nanoparticles. The obtained substances are characterized by different physicochemical analysis methods such as elemental analysis, x-ray diffractive analysis, IR spectroscopy and electron microscopy.

Fabrication and Characterization of Poly(vinyl Alcohol)/Functionalized Graphene Oxide Nanofibers Produced by Electrospinning Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 405-408
Author(s):  
Yuan Hsiang Yu ◽  
Chih Jie Jan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Functionalized Graphene ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Functionalized Graphene Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrospinning Method

A series of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) nanofibers with low feeding ratios of FGO to PVA were fabricated by electrospinning method. In this study, the prepared PVA/FGO nanocomposites were dispersed in water phase followed by electrospinning treatment under different operational parameters (i.e., applied voltage, feeding rate and FGO contents) to give nanofibers of various diameters and morphologies. The morphology, diameter and structure of electrospun nanofibers and FGO were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). SEM images showed that the morphologies of the nanofibers were improved by the incorporation of FGO at a low loading content (e.g., 0.1~0.5 wt %) as compared to pure electrospun PVA. The crystallinity and thermal stability of PVA/FGO nanofibers were also studied.

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