The Moderating Influence of Property Legislation on Planning Policy and Urban Form

Urban Studies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 3479-3494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Davies ◽  
Mark Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
High Density ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Density Development

This paper investigates the role that property titling legislation has had on the form of high-density residential development. A conceptual framework is developed for theorising the role of property legislation in moderating the impact of urban land use policy. It is argued that the impact of legislation on urban form is much more significant and direct than is often implied or suggested in reviews of planning policy. It is argued that property legislation has a greater role than simply supporting the implementation of urban planning policy. Property legislation has a moderating influence on policy and provides a barrier to the implementation of urban policy. To support this argument, the paper considers the development and implications of Western Australia’s strata titling legislation for the form of high-density development in that state’s capital city.

An Analytical Approach to Cruise Tourism As an Option For Development: a Case Study of the Sultanate of Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Heba Aziz ◽  
Osman El-Said ◽  
Marike Bontenbal
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cruise Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Expenditure ◽  
Return Intention

The objective of this study was to measure the level of cruise tourists' satisfaction as well as the relationship between satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. Also, the impact of factors such as nationality, length of the visit, and age on the level of expenditure was measured. An empirical approach for data collection was followed and a total of 152 questionnaires were collected from cruise tourists visiting the capital city of Oman, Muscat, as cruise liners anchor at Sultan Qaboos Port. Results of the regression analysis supported the existence of a causal relationship between satisfaction with destination attributes, overall satisfaction, recommendation, return intention, and expenditure. It was found that the average expenditure varies according to age and length of the visit. Recommendations for policy makers were suggested on how to increase the role of cruise tourism in strengthening the economy.

Urbanization and Carbon Emissions in India and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kala Seetharam Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Regulations ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
India And China

This article understands, from an empirical perspective, the determinants of carbon emissions, using internationally comparable data, and cross-national regressions for India and China. Next, it explores the relationship between urban land use regulations and carbon emissions in India’s cities. Urbanization has no impact on carbon emissions per capita or per unit of geographical area. Electricity consumption in China and electricity produced from coal in India have a positive effect on carbon emissions. GDP per capita has a positive effect in India and not so in China, but per capita GDP squared has a negative impact on emissions in both the countries. Does this imply that urbanization should be ignored in the two countries? The answer is no, because a city’s urban form, to which policy contributes, is correlated with carbon emissions. More suburbanized cities which sprawl more also emit more carbon. India’s land use regulations relating to building height restrictions are conservative, hence Indian cities sprawl, which lead to carbon emissions. Hence, the focus of urban policy has to be on the development of compact cities. The article concludes with caveats of the data.

The impact of urban form on disaster resiliency

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Irajifar ◽  
Neil Sipe ◽  
Tooran Alizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
High Density ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land Use Mix ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper examines the impact of urban form on disaster resiliency. The literature shows a complex relationship between urban form factors such as density and diversity and disaster recovery. The empirical analysis in this paper tests the impact of land use mix, population density, building type and diversity on the reconstruction progress in three, six and nine months after the 2010 flood in Brisbane and Ipswich as proxies of disaster resilience. Considerable debate exists on whether urban form factors are the causal incentive or are they mediating other non-urban form causal factors such as income level. In view of this, the effects of a series of established non-urban form factors such as income and tenure, already known as effective factors on disaster resilience, are controlled in the analysis. Design/methodology/approach The structure of this paper is based on a two-phase research approach. In the first phase, for identification of hypothetical relationships between urban form and disaster resiliency, information was gathered from different sources on the basis of theory and past research findings. Then in phase two, a database was developed to test these hypothetical relationships, employing statistical techniques (including multivariate regression and correlation analysis) in which disaster recovery was compared among 76 suburbs of Brisbane and Ipswich with differing levels of population density and land use mix. Findings The results indicate that population density is positively related to disaster resilience, even when controlling for contextual variables such as income level and home ownership. The association between population density and disaster reconstruction is non-linear. The progress of reconstruction to population density ratio increases from low, medium to high densities, while in very low and very high density areas the reconstruction progress does not show the same behavior, which suggests that medium-high density is the most resilient. Originality/value The originality of this paper is in extracting hypothetical relationships between urban form and resiliency and testing them with real world data. The results confirmed the contribution of density to recovery process in this case study. This illustrates the importance of attention to disaster resiliency measures from the early stages of design and planning in development of resilient urban communities.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Urban Form on Land Surface Temperature in Subtropical High-Density Urban Areas Using Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Sun ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Jialin Li ◽  
Run Wang ◽  
Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Urban Thermal Environment ◽  
The Impact

It is widely acknowledged that urban form significantly affects urban thermal environment, which is a key element to adapt and mitigate extreme high temperature weather in high-density urban areas. However, few studies have discussed the impact of physical urban form features on the land surface temperature (LST) from a perspective of comprehensive urban spatial structures. This study used the ordinary least-squares regression (OLS) and random forest regression (RF) to distinguish the relative contributions of urban form metrics on LST at three observation scales. Results of this study indicate that more than 90% of the LST variations were explained by selected urban form metrics using RF. Effects of the magnitude and direction of urban form metrics on LST varied with the changes of seasons and observation scales. Overall, building morphology and urban ecological infrastructure had dominant effects on LST variations in high-density urban centers. Urban green space and water bodies demonstrated stronger cooling effects, especially in summer. Building density (BD) exhibited significant positive effects on LST, whereas the floor area ratio (FAR) showed a negative influence on LST. The results can be applied to investigate and implement urban thermal environment mitigation planning for city managers and planners.

Intrapreneurial behaviour: the role of organizational commitment

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farrukh ◽  
Wei Ying Chong ◽  
Shaheen Mansori ◽  
Sara Ravan Ramzani
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Continuance Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the impact of organizational commitment (OC) on the intrapreneurial behaviour of the employees in higher educational institutes (HEIs) of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach This paper opted the empirical study using the survey approach. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the questionnaires completed the Deans/Head of Schools, professors and associate professors of the 20 public HEIs of Pakistan located in the capital city, Islamabad. In total, 500 structured questionnaires were sent to the Deans/Head of Schools, professors and associate professors. A total of 306 responses were received. Findings Affective commitment (AC) and normative commitment (NC) has a positive and significant impact on the intrapreneurial behaviour while continuance commitment (CC) is negatively associated with the same behaviour. Originality/value This empirical study will contribute to the theoretical knowledge on intrapreneurship and OC in the public sector HEIs, which has been neglected in entrepreneurship research.

Impact Strength of Laminated Floor Panel from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) High Density Fibreboard

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Mansur Ahmad ◽  
Nurul Nadia Mohd Khairuddin ◽  
Nurul Atiqah Mohd Ayob
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
High Density ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Floor Panel ◽  
Kenaf Bast ◽  
The Impact

This study provides a better understanding of the effect of density and thickness on impact strength of laminated floor panel from Kenaf high density fibreboard (KHDF). The objective of this study was therefore to determine the role of density and thickness on the impact strength of laminated floor panel. Laminated floor panels consisted of high density fibreboard (HDF) as core and decorative paper as surface layer and backing. Kenaf bast fibres were used for HDF with three different densities (850, 960 and 1000 kg/m3) with thickness of 8mm and 12mm for each panel. Energy (J) value was evaluated to determine the impact strength of all various floor panels. It was found that thickness has affected statistically on impact strength while there was no significantly difference existed on density of laminated floor panel on impact strength.

scholarly journals Impact of Storm-Enhanced Density (SED) on Ion Upflow Fluxes During Geomagnetic Storm

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Zou ◽  
Jiaen Ren ◽  
Zihan Wang ◽  
Hu Sun ◽  
Yang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Auroral Zone ◽  
High Density ◽  
Soft Particle ◽  
Event Analysis ◽  
Polar Cap ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the dynamic evolution of the Storm-Enhanced Density (SED) on the upward ion fluxes during the March 06, 2016 geomagnetic storm is studied using comprehensive multi-scale datasets. This storm was powered by a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR), and the minimum Sym-H reached ∼−110 nT. During the ionospheric positive storm phase, the SED formed and the associated plume and polar cap patches occasionally drifted anti-sunward across the polar cap. When these high-density structures encountered positive vertical flows, large ion upward fluxes were produced, with the largest upward flux reaching 3 × 1014 m−2s−1. These upflows were either the type-1 ion upflow associated with fast flow channels, such as the subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) channel, or the type-2 ion upflow due to soft particle precipitations in the cusp region. The total SED-associated upflow flux in the dayside cusp can be comparable to the total upflow flux in the nightside auroral zone despite the much smaller cusp area compared with the auroral zone. During the ionospheric negative storm phase, the ionospheric densities within the SED and plume decreased significantly and thus led to largely reduced upward fluxes. This event analysis demonstrates the critical role of the ionospheric high-density structures in creating large ion upward fluxes. It also suggests that the dynamic processes in the coupled ionosphere-thermosphere system and the resulting state of the ionospheric storm are crucial for understanding the temporal and spatial variations of ion upflow fluxes and thus should be incorporated into coupled geospace models for improving our holistic understanding of the role of ionospheric plasma in the geospace system.

The Relevance of Europe's New Towns for United States Urban Policy

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Huth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
New Towns ◽  
Private Agency ◽  
Growth Policy

Since new towns are one of the most striking developments of the last two decades in Europe, increasing numbers of American planners, architects, and urbanologists have been visiting its new towns in search of ideas which may be applicable in the United States, especially since passage of the 1970 Housing Act whereby new towns became an official part of our federal goverment's urban growth policy. In this paper, five new towns are described—Cumbernauld, Scotland; Crawley, England; Bijlmermeer, Holland; Farsta, Sweden; and Tapiola, Finland. All of these were studied during the summer of 1970, and major principles, objectives, and methods of European urban land use policy are discussed. It is contended that besides being humane, new towns offer unusual opportunities for experimentations in (1) public-private agency cooperation; (2) municipal reorganization; (3) the elimination of such obsolete practices as standard zoning; and (4) democratic living. Nevertheless, it is emphasized that the glamour of the new towns approach should not be allowed to eclipse the equally important task of recreating and reinvigorating older core cities that are complementary to new towns in satisfying the needs of urban man which are essentially identical from one society to another, despite historical and cultural differences.

‘At least it’s not a ghetto anymore’: Experiencing gentrification and ‘false choice urbanism’ in Rotterdam’s Afrikaanderwijk

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (16) ◽  
pp. 3631-3649
Author(s):  
Brian Doucet ◽  
Daphne Koenders
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Mixed Complex ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Middle Class People

Gentrification has become a central pillar of urban policy in cities around the world. Proponents often frame it as a necessity and the sole alternative to neighbourhood decline. Critics call this a ‘false choice’ as it ignores other possibilities for improvement without gentrification. But how do working-class residents who live through the process of gentrification view the impact it has on their neighbourhood? Do they see it in such a stark binary way? This article addresses these questions by using qualitative interviews with long-term residents of the Afrikaanderwijk, a multicultural neighbourhood in Rotterdam where municipally-led gentrification is taking place. In contrast to much of the Anglo-Saxon literature on experiencing gentrification, our respondents had far more mixed, complex and ambivalent perspectives on the process. To some extent, this was due to the neighbourhood’s recent history as a stigmatised ‘ghetto’ and the expectation that the arrival of white, ethnically Dutch middle-class people would help to improve the neighbourhood, which was ranked worst in the country in 2000. We also stress the role of local context, such as the early phase of gentrification and the comparatively strong social housing sector and tenant protection laws in the Netherlands, in contributing towards a more nuanced experience of gentrification.

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