Compensatory Travel Post COVID-19: Cognitive and Emotional Effects of Risk Perception

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented and devastating impact on the travel and tourism industry worldwide. To sustain tourism organizations in the post-pandemic period, it is crucial to understand the factors that maintain, boost, or diminish the potential demands of international travel. With faith in the industry’s resilience, travel and tourism organizations are counting on the prospect of compensatory travel. However, little is known about the factors affecting potential demands and compensatory travel intention in a post-pandemic world. Hence, this study attempts to conceptualize compensatory travel and to investigate tourists’ cognitive and emotional processes that link risk perception about COVID-19 and compensatory travel intention. The findings support the proposed dual-processing model of suppressing and accelerating travel desire caused by COVID-19. The effect of travel desire on compensatory travel intention is also found.

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Development of the Russian tourism industry during the pandemic: an innovative approach

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202129105043 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 291 ◽

pp. 05043

Author(s):

Elena Oklirimeiiko ◽

Sergey Chernov

Keyword(s):

Tourism Industry ◽

External Factors ◽

Innovative Approach ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Domestic Tourism ◽

Event Tourism ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Tourism Services

The article deals with internal and external factors affecting the tourism industry in Russia as well as the ways of its promotion and development. The authors analyze decrease in sales in the tourism industry at the present period; the situation with provision of tourism services during the pandemic is identified and justified; the negative effects of the crisis are revealed. The authors also point out and present positive factors, which stimulate travel and tourism, including hotel business, catering, as well as resort business; the possibility of finding new ways to promote tourism industry is justified. The authors also analyze the main measures of tourism industry’s state support. The article considers dominant areas affecting the development of domestic tourism. The authors assess main aspects contributing to the development of event tourism. Conditions for the development of sports and event tourism are investigated and discussed; special features of tourism industry stimulation during the pandemic are presented. The authors consider and justify the possibility of restoring the tourist market.

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ROMANIA VERSUS BULGARIA: A SHORT ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SEASIDE TOURISM

CBU International Conference Proceedings ◽

10.12955/cbup.v4.800 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 471-482

Author(s):

Mihai Costea ◽

Cristian Valentin Hapenciuc ◽

Gabriela Arionesei

Keyword(s):

Historical Perspective ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Communist Regime ◽

World Economic Forum ◽

National Authority ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

The World ◽

World Economic ◽

Tourism Activity

This research compares tourism competitiveness of two neighboring countries, Romania and Bulgaria, which have many similarities economically as well as from a geopolitical and historical perspective. Despite these similarities, immediately after the 1990s, which marked the fall of the communist regime, the tourism phenomenon in the two countries had divergent evolutions. As the tourism industry in Bulgaria, especially its seaside tourism, underwent unprecedented development, the tourism activity in Romania systematically lost its competitiveness. The factors affecting the appearance and increase of such a difference are of interest to the Romanian seaside tourism. To generate the answer to this problem, we perform a series of comparative analyses with data from the World Economic Forum, in terms of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report (2011-2015), `the National Authority for Tourism of Romania, and the National Institute of Statistics from Romania and Bulgaria. We identified a series of constitutive elements relating to the success of the Bulgarian seaside tourism and a sequence of deficiencies in the strategic and organizational maneuvers of the tourism activity at the Romanian seaside.

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Post COVID-19 Pandemic International Travel: Does Risk Perception and Stress-Level Affect Future Travel Intention?

Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik ◽

10.22146/jsp.56252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ahmad Febri Falahuddin ◽

Clare Teroviel Tergu ◽

Rachele Brollo ◽

Ratih Oktri Nanda

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Stress Level ◽

Financial Risk ◽

International Travel ◽

Future Market ◽

Social Risk ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Physical Risk ◽

Psychological Risk ◽

The Relationship

The COVID-19 pandemic has extremely affected several industries including international travel and tourism. Many scholars have tried to describe the cause-effects of this major phenomenon. This study majorly aims to explore the relationship between risk perception and travel intention where stress level prone to COVID-19 quarantine serves as a moderating factor. The researchers believed that the influence of the dimensions of risk perception including social risk, psychological risk, physical risk, performance risk, financial risk and time risk on travel intention will be significant when the variable of stress level intervenes. This paper used a quantitative approach involving 409 respondents around the world. The data were gathered via online questionnaires facilitated by Google form and Wenjuanxing. The respective questionnaires were available in five languages (Chinese, English, Italian, French and Indonesian). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The outcome of the hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) test resulted in a positive connection between all independent variables and travel intention simultaneously but not partially. The uppermost influence was found in social risk. Meanwhile, financial risk and time risk indicate no significant relationship. Lastly, the researchers believe that understanding the relationships between the variables of this study would be beneficial for the DMOs to predict the future market and rearrange strategies after being affected by the pandemic.

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Portuguese tourism: How to share success?

Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes ◽

10.1108/whatt-07-2018-0043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 705-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jorge Costa ◽

Silva Carvalho ◽

Daniela Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Round Table ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Travel ◽

International Tourism ◽

Round Table Discussion ◽

Content Type ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Current State ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draws on the main conclusions of an International Tourism Forum Round Table discussion, attended by representatives of the main entities of the tourism sector in Portugal as well as international travel and tourism specialists. The authors identify the importance of making travel and tourism growth sustainable and discuss how success approaches can be shared more widely. Design/methodology/approach The main conclusions resulting from the International Tourism Forum Round Table are presented and discussed. The event was organised by the Institute for Tourism Planning and Development (IPDT), with Sponsorship support from the Solverde Group, under the theme: “Tourism in 2018: How to Share Tourism Success”. Findings Participants in the International Tourism Forum Round Table concluded that the tourism industry worldwide and in Portugal in particular, is facing major challenges that calls for innovative ways of managing the tourist experience. Several questions regarding tourism have been discussed, including desertification in some inland cities and villages. Originality/value This paper provides knowledge about the current state of Portuguese tourism, its challenges and opportunities and identifies innovative ways and likely solutions for drawing tourists to other regions of the country – beyond the major cities.

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Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism Industry: Possible Reconciliation Strategy for Bangladeshi Tourism Industry

International Tourism and Hospitality Journal ◽

10.37227/ithj-2021-03-108 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Tourism Industry ◽

International Travel ◽

World Health ◽

World Population ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Community Mobility ◽

Global Tourism ◽

World Tourism Organization ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tourism Organization

The novel corona virus (COVID-19) has created a significant impact with international travel bans affecting over 90% of the world population and extensive restrictions on public gatherings and community mobility, tourism mainly comes to a halt in March 2020. Especially Tourism is at a risk to assess to counteract pandemics because of restricting mobility and social distancing. This paper is based on secondary document analysis from various journals, newspaper articles, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation (BPC), reports, and papers of various tourism-related Bangladeshi organizations’ (PATA, TEAB, TOAB etc.). The paper provides a critical assessment of the reported impacts of COVID-19 on global tourism, particularly on Bangladesh, and is looking for way-out and regional recovery suggestions against the uncertainty of COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, Travel, Community, Mobility, Tourism, Pandemics, Global, Bangladesh

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The Effects of COVID-19 on Future Domestic Travel Intentions in South Africa: A Stakeholder Perspective

African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure ◽

10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-94 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10(1) (10(1)) ◽

pp. 179-193

Author(s):

Hilary Kenedy Nji Bama ◽

Siyabulela Nyikana

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

International Travel ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Key Informant ◽

Domestic Tourism ◽

Stakeholder Perspective ◽

The Government ◽

Negative Impacts

This study seeks to unpack the implications that the COVID-19 pandemic has placed on the South African domestic tourism market. In particular, the study considers how, given the negative impacts that have been felt with international travel being largely restricted, many destinations who traditionally rely on tourism will approach domestic tourism post the restrictions. Given South Africa’s previous aggressive campaigns which sought to promote domestic tourism in the country, the value of this focus area cannot be overlooked. The need for empirical research that assesses the attitudes of people regarding travel and tourism beyond the pandemic in a country that has been one of the hardest-hit on the African continent is equally important in this respect. Data for the study was sourced from interviews with key informant personnel in the domain of tourism coupled with an online questionnaire survey that was collected from respondents through the Google Forms Application. The key findings from the study reveal that a majority of the respondents were generally satisfied with the management of the pandemic in the country and were willing to wait until all restrictions were lifted before travelling again. Moreover, many of the respondents felt that they would likely travel more domestically in order to assist the tourism industry recover post-COVID-19 and would actively help market the country to friends and relatives in assisting with the recovery marketing initiatives. However, major concerns were raised about the financial possibilities of the domestic tourists as well as the lack of effective communication and cooperation between the private sector and the government regarding tourism’s recovery plan.

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The role of affect in travel risk perception: a new research agenda

Tourism Analysis ◽

10.3727/108354220x15959441493056 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I-Chieh Michelle Yang

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Psychological Process ◽

Related Research ◽

Risk Research ◽

Conceptual Paper ◽

New Research

This conceptual paper proposes a new research agenda in travel risk research by understanding the role of affect. Extant scholarship tends to focus on travel risk perception or assessment as a cognitive psychological process. However, despite the phenomenal growth of the tourism industry globally, research related to travel risk perception remains stagnant with no significant breakthrough. Drawing on the existing empirical evidences in risk-related research, this paper asserts that affect plays a potent role in influencing travel risk perception – positive affect leads to more positive travel risk perception, vice versa. In this paper, existing empirical evidences and theories are presented to provide support for this proposition.

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Impact of risk aversion, reactance proneness and risk appraisal on travel destination risk perception

Journal Of Vacation Marketing ◽

10.1177/1356766720987868 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 135676672098786

Author(s):

Melvin Prince ◽

Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Risk Aversion ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Structural Model ◽

International Travel ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Risk Appraisal ◽

Travel Destination ◽

The Past ◽

Subjective Estimates

The aim of the study is to investigate the motivational effects of tourist traits and risk appraisal on tourist destination risk perception. Risk appraisal involves subjective estimates of vulnerability to a threat and the threat’s consequential severity. Fear levels influence both of these elements of risk appraisal. Individual differences in reactance proneness and risk aversion are introduced into the study model to more fully account for differences in travel destination risk perceptions. The study design involves US adults, who have used their passports for international travel in the past 5 years. Travel risk assessments were studied for four destination sites: London, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur and Istanbul. A general structural model is developed to test hypotheses about antecedents and consequents of risk appraisal and destination risk perception.

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