Rationality Assumptions and their Limits

2021 ◽  
pp. 004839312110520
Author(s):  
Robert Feleppa
Keyword(s):  
Different Cultures

In “Different Cultures, Different Rationalities” (2000) Stephen Lukes weighs in on the controversies concerning the killing of Captain Cook by Hawaiians and what it says about the role of rationality assumptions in translation. While at first seeming to adopt a Davidsonian anti-relativist position concerning the enabling role of assumptions of common rationality in interpretation, Lukes rejects Davidson’s view, and opts instead for a “totalizing” strategy inspired by Mauss. Here I explore rationales for Lukes’ position and endeavor to reconcile Lukes’, Davidson’s, and Mauss’s positions by developing a case for a limited interpretive requirement of shared rationality.

РОЛЬ КНИГИ В ВОСПИТАНИИ ПОЛИКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ЛИЧНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Замира Сейткожоева
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Multicultural Personality ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
Life Education ◽  
Different Cultures

Аннотация: В статье обращено внимание на исключительную роль книги в жизни человека, воспитание молодежи. Книга сопровождает человека всю жизнь. Однако в последние годы замечается снижение интереса к чтению книг. Отдается предпочтение компьютеру, играм, телевизору, слушанию музыки через наушники. Во избежание деградации личности, в воспитании грамотной, гуманной, толерантной личности необходимо приучать подрастающее поколение к вдумчивому чтению книг. Значительное место в развитии личности занимает внеклассное чтение, к которому нужно прививать интерес еще во время учебы в младшем возрасте. В мире особая роль принадлежит межличностным отношениям, формированию такой личности, которая могла бы жить в согласии с носителями разных культур. Для формирования поликультурной личности важная роль принадлежит культурному наследию, основу которого составляют книги. Ключевые слова: роль книги, гуманная личность, толерантная личность, библиографические материалы, указатели библиографических данных, справочная литература, поликультурная личность, внеклассное чтение, информатизация, интерес к чтению. Аннотация: Макалада адамдын жашоосундагы жаштарды тарбиялоодогу китептин өзгөчө мааниси, ролуна өзгөчө көңүл бурулган. Бир эле мезгилде, соңку жылдарда китептерибизге болгон адамдардын кызыгууларды төмөндөп бараткандыгы байкалган.Учурда поли- же ар кандай оюндарга, телевизор көрүүгө, кулакчын аркылуу модалуу музыка угууга, артыкчылык берилип жатат. Билимдүү, гумандуу толеранттуу инсанды тарбиялап чыгууга да, анын деградацияга кабылышынан сактап калыш үчүн, өсүп келе жаткан муундарды өзүнүн айкалыштыра алуусу менен китептерди берилип жана ой жүгүртүп алууга үйрөтүү- өтө зарыл талап болуп эсептелет. Инсандын онүгүндө окуудан тышкаркы окуунун маанилүү орду бар. Мындай окууга буга кызыгуусун өркүндөтүүнун башталгыч каласстардан тарта үйрөтүү абзел. Инсандар аралык байланыштар дүйнөдө өзгөчө орун ээлейт, алар башка маданий өкүлдөрү менен макулдуктулукта жашоого даяр. Полимаданиятту инсандын калыптанышына ар маданияттын мурасы өтө чоң ролду ойнойт, анын негизин китептер түзөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: китептин мааниси жана ролу, гумандуу инсан, толеранттуу инсан, библиографиялык материалдар, библиографиялык маалыматтарды көрсөтүү сурантыла билүү адабияты, полимаданиятуу инсан, окуудан тышкаркы окуу,маалымдуулук, окууга кызыгуу The article draws attention to the exceptional role of the book in human life, education of young people. The book accompanies a person all his life. However, in recent years, there has been a decline in interest in reading books. Preference is given to a computer, games, TV, listening to music through headphones. In order to avoid degradation of the personality, it is necessary to accustom the younger generation to thoughtful reading of books. a significant place in the development of personality takes extracurricular reading, to which you need to instill interest even while studying at a younger age. In the world a special role belongs to interpersonal relationship, the formation of such a personality, who could live in harmony with speakers of different cultures. To form a multicultural personality an important role belongs to cultural heritage, the basis of which are books Keywords: the role of the book, humane personality, tolerant personality, bibliographic materials, indexes of bibliographic data, reference literature, multicultural personality, extracurricular reading, informatization, interest in reading.

Stories from Ultrasonographic Abyss

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matylda Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Care ◽  
New Media ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Prenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Medical Imagery ◽  
The Future ◽  
Different Cultures

The article presents a reflection on the experience of prenatal ultrasound and on the nature of cultural beings, it creates. It exploits chosen ethnographic and cultural descriptions of prenatal ultrasounds in different cultures, as well as documentary and artistic reflections on medical imagery and new media technologies. It discusses different ways of defining the role of ultrasound in prenatal care and the cultural contexts build around it. Although the prenatal ultrasounds often function in the space of enormous tensions (although they are also supposed to give pleasure), it seems they will accompany us further in the future. It is worthwhile to find some new ways of describing them and to invent new cultural practices to deal with them.

Writing and Ritual in Deuteronomy 28

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Quick
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Ritual Process ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Ritual Context

This chapter argue that ritual behaviours might be just as good a source as literary texts for the diffusion of traditional cursing and treaty material across different cultures in the ancient Near East. In particular, the role of ad hoc oral Targum in the ritual process could have been an important means by which traditions were shared between different language communities. Recognition of the ritual context of this material also provides insights for the comparative method, the dating and authorship of Deuteronomy 28, and the subversive impetus thought to have stood behind its composition. Ultimately, the function of the written word in a largely oral world is shown to be fundamental to understanding the composition, function and the early history of the curses in the book of Deuteronomy.

scholarly journals Contrastive Pragmatics: Apologies & Thanks in English and Italian

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Demir ◽  
Mehmet Takkac
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
American English ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Competency ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Remedial Strategies

<p>Awareness of language or language competency has greatly changed from the focus of language itself as form and structure to language use as pragmatics. Accordingly, it is widely accepted that different cultures structure discourse in different ways. Moreover, studies have shown that this holds for discourse genres traditionally considered as highly standardized in their rituals and formulas. Taking inspiration from such studies, this paper employs a corpus-based approach to examine variations of the apology and thanking strategies used in English and Italian. First the apology itself as a form of social action is closely analyzed and then thanking. This study also pays special attention on analyzing and contrasting apology and thanking strategies in American English and in Italian in terms of Marion Owen’s remedial strategies (Owen, 1983), and Olshtain &amp; Cohen’s semantic formulas in the apology speech act set (Olshtain &amp; Cohen, 1983). The purpose of the study is not only to compare apology and thanking speech acts but to also learn their contextual use. The findings suggest that the status and role of the situation affect the speakers’ choice of apology and thanking strategies, and semantic formulas are of great importance.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Culture, Values and Trauma in Shaping Abnormal Bodily Experience in Migrants

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Aragona
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Somatization Disorders ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe way somatization is expressed—including the actual somatoform symptoms experienced—varies in different persons and in different cultures. Traumatic experiences are intertwined with cultural and social values in shaping the resulting psychopathological phenomena, including bodily experiences. Four ideal-typical cases are presented to show the different levels involved. The effects of trauma, culture and values may be pathofacilitating (creating a social context which is necessary for the experience to take place), pathogenetic (taking a causal role in the onset of the psychopathological reaction), pathoplastic (shaping the form such a psychopathological reaction takes) or pathointerpretive (different interpretation of the same symptoms depending on the patient’s beliefs). While the roles of trauma and culture were already well recognized in previous accounts, this chapter adds an exploration of the importance of values, including cultural values, in the aetiology, presentation and management of somatization disorders. As a consequence, the therapeutic approach has to be adjusted depending on the way these factors intervene in the patient’s construction of mental distress.

scholarly journals O multiculturalismo na literatura para a juventude: tensões, negociações e resistências / The Multiculturalism in Literature for Youth: Tensions, Negotiations and Resistances

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Auxiliadora Fontana Baseio ◽  
Maria Zilda da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Literary Art ◽  
Cultural Communities ◽  
Symbolic Production ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Different Cultures

ABSTRACTIn fact, the cultural relationships between different groups are not something specific to contemporary society, but the globalized world is the place where cultural communities relate in a more intense and complex way. The dynamics of globalization approach groups of different cultures causing tensions and resistances. In the Arts, this phenomenon is represented in different ways. In Literature - in this case addressed to youth - understood as a cultural and symbolic production, there are various practices of meaning, which are responsible to build ways of seeing, being and living. These practices point out the perception of plural identities. Artists, with the construction of their aesthetic and political projects, can refuse hegemonic discourses, fighting against prejudice, disrespect, exclusion, denying the ideology based on dominant values. The main purpose of this study is to analyze, in the new perspectives of Comparative Studies, the role of literary art and their intercultural dialogues.RESUMOApesar de os entrecruzamentos culturais não serem algo específico da sociedade contemporânea, é neste mundo globalizado que as comunidades culturais se relacionam de maneira mais intensa e complexa. A dinâmica da globalização cada vez mais aproxima grupos de culturas diferentes, provocando tensões, negociações e resistências. No campo das artes, esse fenômeno cultural é representado de diferentes formas. Na literatura - neste caso a que se destina à juventude - compreendida como produção cultural e simbólica transformadora, agenciam-se práticas de significação, ou seja, formas de construir modos de ver, de ser e de estar no mundo que favorecem a percepção das identidades múltiplas. Pela elaboração de seus projetos - estético e político -, os artistas põem em revista os discursos hegemônicos, marcados muitas vezes pelo preconceito, pelo desrespeito, pela exclusão, desnudando relações de poder, classificações e rotulações instituídas a partir de uma ideologia forjada a partir de valores dominantes. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar, dentro das novas perspectivas dos Estudos Comparados, o papel da arte literária em seus diálogos interculturais.

Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Joana Costa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Different Cultures

Entrepreneurship is a worldwide reality. Since the beginning of times and all around the world people have created businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation, from a macroeconomic perspective, allows income and employment generation, thus boosting growth. At the microeconomic level, it is a competition booster playing a central role in a globalized market. In this entrepreneurial ecosystem in which knowledge-based activity is the core booster of employment, economic growth, and competitiveness, universities and, in particular, entrepreneurial universities play either the role of knowledge production and dissemination. The present work aims to understand the role of education (formal and entrepreneurship) on entrepreneurial activity combined with heterogeneous individual characteristics and different cultures and geographies. Specifically, the study identifies substitution and complementary effects among both types of education according to individual taxonomies.

scholarly journals Racism, racial life events and mental ill health

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Oyedeji Ayonrinde
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact

The association of life events with the onset of various psychiatric disorders is well-known. The body of evidence has highlighted the impact of negative or positive life events on the genesis of common mental disorders, especially depression. These findings have been replicated across different cultures, although the impact of different life events varies between cultures. In addition, the roles of chronic difficulties (defined in Life events and psychiatric disorders, below) and resulting ongoing chronic stress have been shown to contribute to vulnerability to certain mental illnesses. However, data on the impact of life events, especially those perceived as racial, on members of minority ethnic groups are rather sparse. The questions that need to be addressed concern the perception of life events as racial, the role of pervasive and perceived institutional and individual racism, and chronic difficulties.

Exploring cultural meanings of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors in children and adolescents: A contextual-developmental perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-265
Author(s):  
Xinyin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Children's Behaviors ◽  
Different Cultures

In this article, I discuss major theoretical and methodological issues in the study of cultural meanings of children’s behaviors. Research in this area is conducted mainly through assessing individual beliefs using hypothetical vignettes or other self-report methods. I argue that it is important to investigate functional meanings of children’s behaviors from a contextual-developmental perspective, which emphasizes the role of social and developmental processes in mediating links between culture and behaviors. Information about the relevance of behaviors to social interactions and relationships and to the development of adjustment outcomes in different cultures helps us understand the nature of the behaviors beyond individual views. Such understanding is crucial for interpreting cross-cultural differences and similarities in the display of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors.

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