Detailed comparison of compatibilizers MAPE and SEBS-g-MA on the mechanical/thermal properties, and morphology in ternary blend of recycled PET/HDPE/MAPE and recycled PET/HDPE/SEBS-g-MA

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Kamal Taghavi ◽  
Hamzeh Shahrajabian ◽  
Hamid Mohammad Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Recycled Pet

In this study, for recycling polyethylene terephthalate, a blend of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) and maleic anhydride-grafted styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS-g-MA) were used. The effect of compatibilizers in RPET was investigated by mechanical test (tensile and flexural tests), thermal test (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), and melt flow index test. The morphology of fracture surface of samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical tests showed that elongation at break point and the fracture energy of samples with composition of RPET (70 wt%)/HDPE (15 wt%)/MAPE (15 wt%) and RPET (75 wt%)/HDPE (10 wt%)/SEBS-g-MA (15 wt%) increased significantly. Results of DSC test and SEM photography showed that ternary blend of RPET/HDPE/MAPE has better compatibility compared with RPET/HDPE/SEBS-g-MA. SEM images showed that MAPE provides better bonding between RPET and HDPE compared with SEBS-g-MA. MAPE was dispersed in RPET better than SEBS-g-MA.

scholarly journals Mechanical and structural properties of composites made from recycled and virgin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and metal chip or mesh wire

2019 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Mircea Aurelian Antoniu Rusu ◽  
Sever-Adrian Radu ◽  
Catalin Moldovan ◽  
Codruta Sarosi ◽  
Ionela Amalia Mazilu (Moldovan) ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Plastic Processing ◽  
Metal Chip ◽  
Intense Research ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Although polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a champion of recycling, intense research is being done to find new solutions for using recycled plastic. This study aims to characterize the mechanical andstructural properties (SEM- scanning electron microscopy) of products made from recycled metal swarf or mesh wire with recycled plastic (PET) in comparison with virgin plastic. Samples manufactured from virgin and recycled PET are made by pressing and high temperature. The loss of mechanical properties ofproducts made from recycled plastic is a major drawback that influences their use. SEM images confirm that the dispersion and distribution of the PET phase is not very uniform. By addition of virgin plastic in various compositions with recycled plastic, processing parameters and mechanical properties can be optimized.

Thermomechanical investigations of PEKK-HAp-CS composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (11) ◽  
pp. 1196-1203
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Gurchetan Singh ◽  
Jaskaran Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar ◽  
Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Ether Ketone ◽  
Input Variables

In this experimental study, a composite of poly-ether-ketone-ketone by reinforcement of hydroxyapatite and chitosan has been prepared for possible applications as orthopaedic scaffolds. Initially, different weight percentages of hydroxyapatite and chitosan were reinforced in the poly-ether-ketone-ketone matrix and tested for melt flow index in order to check the flowability of different compositions/proportions. Suitable compositions revealed by the melt flow index test were then taken forward for the extrusion of filament required for fused deposition modelling. For thermomechanical investigations, Taguchi-based design of experiments has been used with input variables in the extrusion process as follows: temperature, load applied and different composition/proportions. The specimens in the form of feedstock filament produced by the extrusion process were made to undergo tensile testing. The specimens were also inspected by differential scanning calorimetry and photomicrographs. Finally, the specimen showing the best performance from the thermomechanical viewpoint has been selected to extrude the filament for the fused deposition modelling process.

Effect of Ultrasound and Strain Rate on Tensile Behavior of Neat Thermoplastic Polyurethane Thin Films

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandh Balakrishnan ◽  
Mrinal C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Optical Element ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Rate Dependent

Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) thin films have many applications in engineering and biomedical fields. Examples include moisture sensors, load cells, optical element and biocompatible stens. The TPU is a block copolymer naturally phase segregates into thermodynamically incompatible hard- and soft-segments. The size of the segments and their spatial distribution can significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of the TPU. In this paper, we propose to investigate the effect of ultrasound energy on mechanical properties of TPU thin films fabricated via a solution route utilizing Tetra Hydro Furan (THF) as a solvent. The times of sonication was fixed at 60 minutes whilst all films were fabricated at average thickness of 20+/-5 um. The primary objective of the study was to understand the influence of ultrasound and strain rates on the material microstructure and the resulting mechanical properties. Mechanical tests have been conducted at two different displacement rates, namely 5 and 10 mm/min. Our preliminary results indicate that ultrasound improves the strength of the neat TPU films. We also see that strain hardening is displacement or strain rate dependent. We attribute these results to changes in the hard (H) and soft (S) domain structure. To further understand these microstructural variations, we propose to conduct Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The data has been interpreted in conjunction with our mechanical test data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of PE Films Having NIR-Reflective Additives for Greenhouse Applications in Arid Regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed K. H. Gulrez ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Ghany ◽  
Ibrahim M. Al-Helal ◽  
Saeed M. Al-Zaharani ◽  
Abdullah A. Alsadon
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Blown Film Extrusion

Linear-low-density-polyethylene- (LLDPE-) based formulations with several near-infrared- (NIR-) reflective pigments were prepared by melt blending technique and their subsequent films were prepared by blown film extrusion process. Thermal properties of these films were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the melting and crystallization temperatures (TmandTc, resp.) of these formulations were almost similar to that of control resin. The melt viscosity was measured by stress-controlled rotational rheometer and melt flow index (MFI) instruments. Rheological measurements indicated that the blend formulations with NIR-reflective additive have similar melt viscoelastic behavior (storage modulus and dynamic viscosity) to the control resin. The mechanical test performed on NIR-reflective films showed similar values of tensile strength for blend samples as that of control resin. The spectral radiometric properties of the blend films were evaluated in the solar wavelength range of 200–1100 nm and found to be improved over the control sample without having NIR-reflective pigment.

Effects of Ultrasound and Strain Rate on Tensile Mechanical Behavior of Thermoplastic Poly Urethane Thin Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandh Balakrishnan ◽  
Mrinal C. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Scan ◽  
The Times ◽  
Specific Heat Capacities

Thermoplastic poly urethane (TPU) is a diblock copolymer which naturally phase segregates into thermodynamically incompatible hard (H) and soft (S) segments. The size of the segments and their spatial distribution can significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material. In this paper, we investigated the effect of duration of exposure to ultrasound on the solution prior to film formation on the final film properties. The response variable for the study was primarily mechanical properties of the TPU thin films fabricated via a solution route utilizing tetra hydro furan as a solvent. The times of sonication were varied between 30 min and 90 min, while all films were fabricated at average thickness of 20 ± 5 μm. The mechanical tests have been conducted at two different displacement rates of 5 and 10 mm/min. Our results indicated that (relative to untreated TPU) ultrasound tends not to deteriorate the fracture strength, strain and yet improve the fracture toughness. We attribute these results to subtle events at the H and S segment/domain levels. To further understand these microstructural variations, we conducted differential scanning calorimetry scan tests between 25 °C and 200 °C at 5 °C/min on untested and tested TPU samples of all types. This data showed a delicate sonication time dependent trend and has been interpreted in conjunction with our mechanical test data. Transition temperatures, enthalpies, and specific heat capacities have been computed for these cases.

scholarly journals Comparative study of mechanical characteristics of recycled PET fibres for automobile seat cover application

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 992-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Albini ◽  
Valentina Brunella ◽  
Bartolomeo Placenza ◽  
Brunetto Martorana ◽  
Vito Guido Lambertini
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Resistance Test ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
High Standards

Polyethylene terephthalate is a thermoplastic polymer with a wide range of uses, including synthetic fibres and containers for beverages and other liquids. Recycling plastics reduces the amount of energy and natural resources needed to create virgin plastics. Polyethylene terephthalate containers and bottles are collected and then broken down into small flakes used to produce new products such as textile fibres. Thermo-mechanical degradation may happen during the recycling process and presence of contaminants affects the final product characteristics. Two kinds of recycled polyethylene terephthalate fibres were used for fabrics production: post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fibres and a blend of post-consumer and post-industrial polyethylene terephthalate fibres. Focusing on knitted and flat-woven textile structures, main mechanical properties of the fabrics were assessed by various tests, like tensile strength test and wear resistance test. A comparative study with the current production of virgin polyethylene terephthalate fabrics was useful to evaluate high standards accordance for automotive field. Both knitted and flat-woven recycled polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had excellent performance after mechanical tests. Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate fabrics had the best results, especially after wear resistance test. These results allow an evaluation of their applications.

scholarly journals Mechanical And Thermal Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes/Vinyl Ester Nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Cotet ◽  
Marian Bastiurea ◽  
Gabriel Andrei ◽  
Alina Cantaragiu ◽  
Anton Hadar
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Vinyl Ester Resin ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/ vinyl ester nanocomposites with three different contents of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been prepared by the simple melt-compounding method. A fine and homogeneous dispersion of CNTs throughout vinyl ester resin has been noticed by SEM images. Two mechanical tests (compression and three point bending test) show that, compared to neat vinyl ester resin, compression modulus and compression strength of the nanocomposites have been significantly improved by about 9% and 14%, respectively, when incorporating only 0.15 wt.% MWCNTs. Furthermore, thermal behavior of SWCNT and MWCNT/ vinyl ester nanocomposites has been investigated and discussed based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo- mechanical analysis (TMA). Glass transition temperature (Tg) and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) have been increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing of CNTs content.

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Banana Fiber Reinforced Composites for Its Application in Injection Molding

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3581
Author(s):  
Dragan Kusić ◽  
Uroš Božič ◽  
Mario Monzón ◽  
Rubén Paz ◽  
Pablo Bordón
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flexural Stress ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Banana Fiber

Several natural materials and vegetable waste have relevant mechanical properties, mainly in its fiber format. Particularly, banana fiber (BF) provides a close behavior to the widely spread glass fibers, which places it in an advantageous position for use as a reinforcing material in plastic composites. This work characterizes the behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with short fibers of bananas from the Canary Islands for its application in molding processes. Several thermal analyses (Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Melt Flow Index (MFI)) and mechanical tests (tensile, flexural, impact, and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)) were carried out in composites with different percentages of banana fiber. The thermal results show that the use of banana fiber is viable as a reinforcement in composites for injection molding processes and the mechanical tests indicate an increase in stiffness and an improvement in maximum flexural stress by increasing the fiber content in composites, so the banana fiber turns out to be a natural alternative for the reinforcement of injected plastic components.

Studies on Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Post-Consumer High Impact Polystyrene in Five Reprocessing Steps

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Santana ◽  
Sati Manrich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Complex Viscosity ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
High Impact Polystyrene

This study consisted of an investigation of the thermo-mechanical properties of post-consumer high impact polystyrene (HIPS) through five consecutive injection moulding steps to simulating the recycling cycles. The selectively collected HIPS residue was ground, washed only in water, dried, agglutinated and then moulded as a set of mechanical test specimens before the first step. The melt flow index (MFI), glass transition temperature (Tg), complex viscosity (η*), deflection temperature under flexural load (HDT), tensile, flexural and impact strength tests were determined at each reprocessing cycles. The results revealed that the degradative effect of consecutive recycling on the material's thermal properties was low and may be considered negligible. After five reprocessing cycles, the results showed an ∼8°C decrease of Tg in DSC, an increase of MFI, a decrease in viscosity and a slight decrease of HDT, which could be attributed to chain scission caused by consecutive cycles of exposure to shear stresses and high temperature. The material became slightly more rigid and fragile, as indicated by the mechanical tests.

In-situ Microfibrillar Recycled PET/Glass Fiber/PP Hybrid Thermoplastic Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-316
Author(s):  
Orkun Kaymakci ◽  
Nurseli Uyanik
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced

Hybrid composites of in-situ microfibrillar recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET)/glass fiber (GF)/polypropylene (PP) were developed as an economical and environmentally friendly alternative to glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic PP composites. The effect of replacing glass fibers with in-situ formed polymer microfibrils on mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the composites was investigated with tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical tests. Characterization results showed that mechanical and viscoelastic performance of 34% glass fiber reinforced PP can be obtained with 24% glass fiber, 10% microfibrillar rPET composites. Compatibilization effect of the maleic anhydride grafted PP (MA-g-PP) was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images confirmed the formation of the rPET microfibrils in the hybrid matrix. Besides, composites with MA-g-PP compatibilizers showed significantly improved fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion on the SEM images.

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