Effect of feldspar filler on physical and dynamic properties of SBR/CB based tire tread compounds: Effect of addition method of silane coupling agent

2021 ◽  
pp. 009524432110061
Author(s):  
Neşe Kaynak ◽  
Sinan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Damping Parameter ◽  
Tan Δ

In this work, the effects of using feldspar (FLD) as an alumina-silicate inorganic filler, with carbon black (CB) as a novel binary filler system, on the properties of SBR compounds were investigated for tire applications. The bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (TESPD) was used for modification of FLD. The SBR hybrid composites were produced by replacing 10 phr of CB filler with neat FLD and functionalized FLD (F-FLD). The TESPD was added directly to the rubber mixture including neat FLD. The SBR composite which has only CB filler (50CB) was found to have the highest damping parameter (tan δ) value at 60°C. On the other hand, the composites loaded with the CB and the FLD fillers exhibited relatively lower tan δ at the same temperature showing lower rolling resistance meaning better fuel saving performance. The lowest rolling resistance was achieved for the 40CB-10F-FLD most probably due to its stronger interaction with the SBR elastomer molecules through the silane agent-assisted crosslinks of the F-FLD. As another dynamic property, the storage moduli at −20°C were found to be lower for the SBR hybrid composites as compared to that of the 50CB composite, exhibiting enhanced winter traction performance of the composites having FLD filler together with CB. The composites containing only 10 phr of FLD and F-FLD, on the other hand, exhibited very low tensile strength values which are not acceptable for tire tread materials.

Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Silica-Filled Rubber Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
Watcharin Rassamee ◽  
Woothichai Thaijaroen ◽  
Thirawudh Pongprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Unmodified Silica ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Wet Grip

Natural rubber compound using different silicas, including unmodified silica, admicellar-modified silica and silica with silane coupling agent, were studied. The properties including cure characteristics, mechanical properties and dynamic properties were examined with the comparison of three compounds. The results show that cure characteristics of admicellar silica/rubber compound (Ad-Si/R) was shorter than those of unmodified silica/rubber compound (Un-Si/R) and silane coupling silica/rubber compound (Sil-Si/R). Mechanical properties of Ad-Si/R and Sil-Si/R were better than those of Un-Si/R. In addition, wet grip and rolling resistance analyzed from tan δ (5 Hz) at 0°C and 60°C, respectively, by DMA were found that the wet grip of Ad-Si/R was the best, whereas the rolling resistance of Sil-Si/R was the best, in the comparison.

INFLUENCES OF THE COMPATIBILITY OF NR/SSBR AND PHASE-SELECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF SILICA ON ITS STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Qing-Yuan Han ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Yu-Chun Li ◽  
You-Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Bound Rubber ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Wet Skid Resistance

ABSTRACT The compatibility between solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR 2466) and natural rubber (NR) is characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The single glass transition in the entire temperature range of all NR/SSBR blends and good correlation between Tg and SSBR fraction prove the excellent compatibility between SSBR 2466 and NR. With increasing SSBR content, a reduced Payne effect, more homogeneous dispersion of silica, stronger rubber–filler interaction, and more silica selectively distributed in the SSBR phase were determined via rubber-processing analysis, transmission electron microscopy, bound rubber, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The high vinyl content, low styrene content, and end-functionalized structure of SSBR play vital roles in promoting its compatibility with NR and a stronger rubber–silica linkage. The resulting increased tan δ at 0 °C and low tan δ at 60 °C indicates good wet-skid resistance and low rolling resistance by blending SSBR 2466, and 70/30 NR/SSBR is the best balance for producing a “green tire” tread.

TOWARD REPLACEMENT OF PETROLEUM OILS BY MODIFIED SOYBEAN OILS IN ELASTOMERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxi Li ◽  
Avraam I. Isayev ◽  
Xiaofeng Ren ◽  
Mark D. Soucek
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Modified Soybean Oil ◽  
Tan Δ

ABSTRACT Precipitated silica- and carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds and vulcanizates containing naphthenic oil (NO), soybean oil (SO), and modified soybean oil (MSO) were studied. Gel fraction; crosslink density; bound rubber fraction; curing behavior; and thermal, mechanical, and dynamic properties were compared. Interaction between SO, MSO, and silane coupling agent was also studied. It was shown that the incorporation of SO and MSO had similar effects in both silica- and CB-filled SBR compounds and vulcanizates. SO and MSO were found to consume curatives leading to a lower crosslink density and improved thermal stability of compounds and vulcanizates. In comparison with NO, MSO was found to increase the elongation at break and tensile strength, and the values of tan δ at 10 °C and 60 °C predict an increase of the wet traction performance and the rolling resistance to decrease the modulus and abrasion resistance. After adjusting the recipe, the modulus and abrasion resistance of the silica- and CB-filled SBR/MSO vulcanizates were tremendously increased, and the silica-filled SBR/MSO vulcanizates exhibited a better wet traction performance, a lower rolling resistance, and a better abrasion resistance simultaneously than the silica-filled SBR/NO vulcanizate.

Plasticity Measurements in the Rubber Industry

1933 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-260
Author(s):  
J. Behre
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Dead Weight ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Narrow Opening

Abstract With the growing realization of its importance in factory operations, the plasticity of raw rubber and rubber stocks is being studied more and more. As far as can be seen from the literature, four methods for measuring plasticity are known up to the present time. The most commonly used apparatus is probably that developed by Williams, which depends upon measuring the change in the thickness of rubber under a load. The same principle is followed in the recently published method of Karrer, except that in this case the elastic recovery is also measured. The other two methods, which were used first by Marzetti and by Griffith, depend on the other hand upon a wholly different principle. Here the rubber or the rubber mixture is extruded through a narrow opening under high pressure and the quantity extruded is measured. Griffith used a dead weight whereas Marzetti used compressed air to produce the pressure. For several years the author has worked with an apparatus constructed according to the Marzetti principle, and the present paper deals with experiments with this apparatus.

The Effects of Proöxygenic Substances on Reclaimed Rubber

1946 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-124
Author(s):  
A. Haehl
Keyword(s):  
Caustic Soda ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rubber Mixture ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Other Hand

Abstract It might at first be assumed that antioxygenic compounds originally present in scrap rubber used in the manufacture of the reclaimed rubber would be sufficient to explain the extraordinary resistance of the reclaimed rubber to the action of proöxygenic compounds. It is, however, highly improbable that these antioxygenic compounds survive caustic soda treatment at 190° C. On the other hand, a crude-rubber mixture, even when protected by an antioxygenic compound, never shows such great resistance to proöxygenic compounds as that shown by the reclaimed-rubber vulcanizates described in the present work. It seems probable, therefore, that this insensitivity of reclaimed rubber to proöxygenic compounds, both during plasticization and during aging after vulcanization, is in some way connected with the actual chemical structure of the reclaimed rubber itself.

Structure of Vulcanized and Unvulcanized SBR/BR Blends

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yoshimura ◽  
K. Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Loss Tangent ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Styrene Content ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Phase Contrast Micrographs

Abstract Mainly from the temperature dependence of transitions in dynamic modulus, loss tangent, and dielectric loss, associated with microbrownian motions of main chains, it was concluded that blends of NR and BR are microheterogeneous and those of SBR and BR are almost microhomogeneous. Furthermore, even SBR/BR blends tended to be heterogeneous if the styrene content in SBR was increased. On the other hand, unvulcanized SBR/BR blends have been reported to be heterogeneous from observation of phase contrast micrographs. To investigate this vulcanization effect further, measurements of temperature dependence of dynamic modulus and tan δ of unvulcanized blends were compared with those of vulcanized blends.

DYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND TIRE PERFORMANCES OF COMPOSITES FILLED WITH CARBON NANOTUBES

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Qi Shao ◽  
Hang Wei ◽  
Jiong-Hao He
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Subjective Testing ◽  
Static And Dynamic Moduli ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Tan Δ

ABSTRACT Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied in rubber goods and tire compounds to improve, for example, antistatic and thermal conductivity performances. CNTs were applied in passenger tire tread compounds to improve comprehensive tire performances, especially wet traction. High frequency dynamic properties of CNT-filled compounds were revealed for the first time. There was good correlation between compound dynamic properties and vehicle tire test results. The influence of CNTs on tire performances and their mechanisms was investigated and explained by the dynamic properties and master curve analysis in the frequency domain. Substituting 50 phr carbon black N234 by 20 phr CNTs could maintain hardness but increased static and dynamic moduli, which was beneficial for the tire handling, with 0.25 point improvement in the subjective testing. For the CNT-filled compounds, 1.5% traction improvement on a dry road and 6.5% traction improvement on a wet road can be explained successfully by the increased hysteresis loss (tan δ) and decreased storage modulus (G′) at high frequency domain (104–108 Hz). It is implied by Williams–Landel–Ferry law calculation that a strong interaction between CNTs and rubber resulted in higher temperature dependence; however, the trade-off was a 7% higher tire rolling resistance coefficient and 33% worse wear resistance for the CNT tires. CNT-filled compounds were demonstrated to have superior handling and traction performances suitable for racing and sports car tires.

scholarly journals Investigation Of Tribologic Processes in Bearing Nodes with the Use of the Fam-C And Fdm-A Methods – The Model With Elevated Passive Resistance

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gębura
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Phenomenological Models ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
Slip Factor ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Axial Clearance

Abstract The paper discloses selected results of application of the FAM-C (a.c. generator) and FDM-A (d.c. generator) methods for comprehensive troubleshooting of bearing nodes in single-spool turbojet engines. A.c. generators provide information about slow-changing processes and, consequently, that information makes it possible to monitor radial and axial clearance of bearings as well as misalignment of shafts. On the other hand, the information transmitted by d.c. generators refers to fast-changing processes and is suitable to monitor dynamic properties of antifriction bearings: variations in the Q factor of bearings, slip factor of mating antifriction surfaces, rates of bearing cage rotation against its journal, etc. Nearly ten years of observations and data collection from a numerous set of engines during their operation have made it possible to classify processes associated with wear of bearings and categorize them into four phenomenological models. This paper is devoted to the model of elevated passive resistance

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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